Biodiesel Production from Broiler Chicken Waste

Broiler slaughter waste has become a major source of pollution throughout the world. Utilization of broiler slaughter waste by dry rendering process produced Rendered Chicken Oil (RCO), a cheap raw material for biodiesel production and Carcass Meal a feed ingredient for pets and fishes. Conversion of RCO into biodiesel may open new vistas for generating wealth from waste besides controlling the major havoc of environmental pollution. A two-step process to convert RCO to good quality Biodiesel was invented. Acid catalysed esterification of FFA followed by base catalysed transesterification of triglycerides was carried out after meticulously standardizing the methanol molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time to obtain the maximum biodiesel yield of 97.62% and lowest glycerol yield of 6.96%. RCO biodiesel blend was tested in a CRDI diesel engine. The results revealed that the blending of commercial diesel with 20% RCO biodiesel (B20) lead to less engine wear, a quieter engine and better fuel economy. The better lubricating qualities of RCO B20 prevented over heating of engine, which prolongs the engine life. RCO B20 can reduce the import of crude oil and substantially reduce the engine emissions as proved by significantly lower smoke levels, thus mitigating climatic changes.

Authors:

• John Abraham
• Ramesh Saravana Kumar
• Francis Xavier
• Deepak Mathew

Keywords:

• Biodiesel
• Broiler Waste
• Engine Testing
• Rendered Chicken Oil.

References:

[1] N. Ali, Kerala State Poultry Development Corporation, personal
communication. 2013.
[2] D. D. Bell, Waste Management. In: “Commercial Chicken Meat and
Egg Production”. 5th ed. Springer. Ch 1: 2002. pp. 162-167.
[3] J. Folch, M. Lee and G.H. Sloane Stanley, “A Simple Method for the
Isolation and Purification of Total Lipids from Animal Tissue”. J. Biol.
Chem., 226: pp 497-509. 1957.
[4] M. Guru, A. Koc, O. Cna and C. Sahin, “Biodiesel Production from
Waste Chicken fat based sources and evaluation with Magnesium based
additive in a Diesel Engine”. Renew. Energy, 35: pp 637-643. 2010.
[5] T. Sabudak. and M. Yildiz,. “Biodiesel production from waste frying
oils and its quality control”. Waste Management, 30: 799-803. 2010.
[6] A. l. Moreira, J. M. Dias, M. F. Almeida and M. C. M. Alvim-Ferraz,.
“Biodiesel Production through Transesterification of Poultry Fat at 30
°C”. Energy Fuels. 24: pp 5717-5721. 2010.
[7] D. B. Duncan, “Multiple range and Multiple F-test”. Biometrics., 11:1-
42. 1955.
[8] R. MacRae, R. K. Robinson and M. J. Sadler,. “Encyclopaedia of Food
Science”, Food Technology, and Nutrition, vol 8. 1983.