This research investigated treatment of crude carbon black produced from pyrolysis of waste tyres in order to evaluate its quality and possible industrial applications. A representative sample of crude carbon black was dry screened to determine the initial particle size distribution. This was followed by pulverizing the crude carbon black and leaching in hot concentrated sulphuric acid for the removal of heavy metals and other contaminants. Analysis of the refined carbon black showed a significant improvement of the product quality compared to crude carbon black. It was discovered that refined carbon black can be further classified into multiple high value products for various industrial applications such as filler, paint pigment, activated carbon and fuel briquettes.
[1] D. Pantea, H. Darmstadt, S. Kaliaguine, C. Roy, “Heat-treatment of
carbon blacks obtained by pyrolysis of used tires: Effect on the surface
chemistry, porosity and electrical conductivity”. Journal of Analytical
and Applied Pyrolysis, 67: 55-76. 2003
[2] D. Borah, S. Satokawa, S., Kato, “Characterization of chemically
modified carbon black for sorption application” Journal of Applied
Surface Science, 254: 3049–3056. 2008
[3] M. Voll, P. Kleinschmit “Carbon. In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of
Industrial Chemistry”, New York, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &
Co.2002
[4] T.J.Pilusa, M. Shukla and E.Muzenda, “Tyre Derived Fuel as an
Alternative fuel for CI engines” Planetary and Scientific Research
Centre. 2nd International Conference on Environmental, Agriculture and
Food Sciences.
[5] ASTM International (2005a). Standard Classification System for Carbon
Blacks Used in Rubber Products (Standard No. D1765–05a),
Philadelphia, PA, American Society for Testing and Materials.
[6] FG. The Fredonia Group, “World Carbon Black Industry Study with
Forecasts for 2013 & 2018”:1–8. 2010
[7] D.T. Norman, “Rubber grades of carbon black”. Product Development
Witco Corporation, Concarb Division Houston, Texas1-19. 2008
[8] V. Jha, “Carbon Black Filler Reinforcement of Elastomers”. A thesis
submitted to the University of London for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy: 1- 229.2008
[9] N. Khan, E. Yahaya, M. Faizal, “Effect of Preparation Conditions of
Activated Carbon Prepared from Rice Husk by CO2 Activation for
Removal of Cu ( II ) from Aqueous Solution” International Journal of
Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS,10: 47-51. 2010.
[10] A. Navarrete-guijosa, S.T,Mostafa, “A Comparative Study of the
Adsorption Equilibrium of Progesterone by a Carbon Black and a
Commercial Activated Carbon”. Journal of Applied Surface Science,
253: 5274-5280.2007
[11] B.A Nurulhuda, “Preparation of Activated Carbons from Waste Tyres
Char Impregnated with Potassium Hydroxide and Carbon Dioxide
Gasification” Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the
degree of Master of Science, 1-24. 2008
[12] K. Huang, Q. Gao, L.Tang, Z. Zhu and C. Zhang, “A Comparison of
Surface Morphology and Chemistry of Pyrolytic Carbon Blacks with
Commercial Carbon Blacks”, Journal of Power Technology. 160: 190–
193. 2005
[13] A. Guerrero, S. Goñi, V.R Allegro, “ Resistance of Class C Fly Ash
Belite Cement to Simulated Sodium Sulphate Radioactive Liquid Waste
Attack”. Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Science, 2008
[14] M. Islam, H. Parveen, H. Haniu, “Innovation in Pyrolysis Technology
for Management of Scrap Tyre: a Solution of Energy and Environment”
International Journal of Energy Science and Development, 1: 86-96.
2010
[15] N. Khan, E. Yahaya, M. Faizal M, “Effect of Preparation Conditions of
Activated Carbon Prepared from Rice Husk by CO2 Activation for
Removal of Cu (II) from Aqueous Solution”, International Journal of
Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS,10: 47-51. 2010.
[16] J. Shah, J.M Rasul ,F. Mabood, and M. Shahid, “Conversion of Waste
Tyres into Carbon Black and their Utilization as Adsorbent”.Journal of
the Chinese Chemical Society, 53:1085–1089. 2006.
[17] W.W Tscharnuter, L. Zu, L. Weiner, “ASTM Carbon Black Reference
Materials: Particle Sizing Using a Brookhaven Instruments BI-DCP,
Disc Centrifuge Photosedimentometer Theory”. Brookhaven Instruments
Corporation, 1: 1-10.2011.
[1] D. Pantea, H. Darmstadt, S. Kaliaguine, C. Roy, “Heat-treatment of
carbon blacks obtained by pyrolysis of used tires: Effect on the surface
chemistry, porosity and electrical conductivity”. Journal of Analytical
and Applied Pyrolysis, 67: 55-76. 2003
[2] D. Borah, S. Satokawa, S., Kato, “Characterization of chemically
modified carbon black for sorption application” Journal of Applied
Surface Science, 254: 3049–3056. 2008
[3] M. Voll, P. Kleinschmit “Carbon. In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of
Industrial Chemistry”, New York, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &
Co.2002
[4] T.J.Pilusa, M. Shukla and E.Muzenda, “Tyre Derived Fuel as an
Alternative fuel for CI engines” Planetary and Scientific Research
Centre. 2nd International Conference on Environmental, Agriculture and
Food Sciences.
[5] ASTM International (2005a). Standard Classification System for Carbon
Blacks Used in Rubber Products (Standard No. D1765–05a),
Philadelphia, PA, American Society for Testing and Materials.
[6] FG. The Fredonia Group, “World Carbon Black Industry Study with
Forecasts for 2013 & 2018”:1–8. 2010
[7] D.T. Norman, “Rubber grades of carbon black”. Product Development
Witco Corporation, Concarb Division Houston, Texas1-19. 2008
[8] V. Jha, “Carbon Black Filler Reinforcement of Elastomers”. A thesis
submitted to the University of London for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy: 1- 229.2008
[9] N. Khan, E. Yahaya, M. Faizal, “Effect of Preparation Conditions of
Activated Carbon Prepared from Rice Husk by CO2 Activation for
Removal of Cu ( II ) from Aqueous Solution” International Journal of
Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS,10: 47-51. 2010.
[10] A. Navarrete-guijosa, S.T,Mostafa, “A Comparative Study of the
Adsorption Equilibrium of Progesterone by a Carbon Black and a
Commercial Activated Carbon”. Journal of Applied Surface Science,
253: 5274-5280.2007
[11] B.A Nurulhuda, “Preparation of Activated Carbons from Waste Tyres
Char Impregnated with Potassium Hydroxide and Carbon Dioxide
Gasification” Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the
degree of Master of Science, 1-24. 2008
[12] K. Huang, Q. Gao, L.Tang, Z. Zhu and C. Zhang, “A Comparison of
Surface Morphology and Chemistry of Pyrolytic Carbon Blacks with
Commercial Carbon Blacks”, Journal of Power Technology. 160: 190–
193. 2005
[13] A. Guerrero, S. Goñi, V.R Allegro, “ Resistance of Class C Fly Ash
Belite Cement to Simulated Sodium Sulphate Radioactive Liquid Waste
Attack”. Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Science, 2008
[14] M. Islam, H. Parveen, H. Haniu, “Innovation in Pyrolysis Technology
for Management of Scrap Tyre: a Solution of Energy and Environment”
International Journal of Energy Science and Development, 1: 86-96.
2010
[15] N. Khan, E. Yahaya, M. Faizal M, “Effect of Preparation Conditions of
Activated Carbon Prepared from Rice Husk by CO2 Activation for
Removal of Cu (II) from Aqueous Solution”, International Journal of
Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS,10: 47-51. 2010.
[16] J. Shah, J.M Rasul ,F. Mabood, and M. Shahid, “Conversion of Waste
Tyres into Carbon Black and their Utilization as Adsorbent”.Journal of
the Chinese Chemical Society, 53:1085–1089. 2006.
[17] W.W Tscharnuter, L. Zu, L. Weiner, “ASTM Carbon Black Reference
Materials: Particle Sizing Using a Brookhaven Instruments BI-DCP,
Disc Centrifuge Photosedimentometer Theory”. Brookhaven Instruments
Corporation, 1: 1-10.2011.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:65413", author = "Jefrey Pilusa and Edison Muzenda", title = "Beneficiation of Pyrolitic Carbon Black", abstract = "This research investigated treatment of crude carbon black produced from pyrolysis of waste tyres in order to evaluate its quality and possible industrial applications. A representative sample of crude carbon black was dry screened to determine the initial particle size distribution. This was followed by pulverizing the crude carbon black and leaching in hot concentrated sulphuric acid for the removal of heavy metals and other contaminants. Analysis of the refined carbon black showed a significant improvement of the product quality compared to crude carbon black. It was discovered that refined carbon black can be further classified into multiple high value products for various industrial applications such as filler, paint pigment, activated carbon and fuel briquettes.
", keywords = "Activated Carbon, Briquettes, Fuel, Filler, Pyrolysis. ", volume = "7", number = "10", pages = "740-5", }
