Beijerinckia indica Extracellular Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities against Clinical Pathogens

This work investigated the use of Beijerinckia indica extracellular extract for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using AgNO3. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by different methods, such as UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, EDX, and TEM analysis. The formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was confirmed by the change in color from light yellow to dark brown. The absorbance peak obtained at 430 nm confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles. The XRD analysis showed the cubic crystalline phase of the synthesized nanoparticles. FTIR revealed the presence of groups that acts as stabilizing and reducing agents for silver nanoparticles formation. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were generally found to be spherical in shape with size ranging from 5 to 20 nm, as evident by TEM analysis. These nanoparticles were found to inhibit pathogenic bacterial strains. This work proved that the bacterial extract is a potential eco-friendly candidate for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles with promising antibacterial and antioxidant properties. 





References:
[1] V. Dhand, L. Soumya, S. Bharadwaj, S. Chakra, D. Bhatt and B. Sreedhar, “Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Coffea arabica seed extract and its antibacterial activity,” Mater. Sci. Eng. C. vol. 58, 2016, pp. 36–43.
[2] L. Castro, M. L. Blazquez, F. Gonzalez, J.A. Munoz and A. Ballester, “Biosynthesis of silver and platinum nanoparticles using orange peel extract: characterisation and applications,” IET Nanobiotechnology. vol. 9, 2015, pp. 252–258.
[3] A.K. Mittal, D. Tripathy, A. Choudhary, P.K. Aili, A. Chatterjee, I.P. Singh and U. C. Banerjee, “Bio-synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Potentilla fulgens Wall. ex Hook. and its therapeutic evaluation as anticancer and antimicrobial agent,” Mater. Sci. Eng. C. vol. 53, 2015, pp. 120-127.
[4] G. Karunakaran, M. Jagathambal, A. Gusev, E. Kolesnikov, A. R. Mandal and D. Kuznetsov, “Allamanda cathartica flower's aqueous extract-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with excellent antioxidant and antibacterial potential for biomedical application,” MRS Communications , vol. 6. 2016, pp. 41-46.
[5] V. Thamilselvi and K.V. Radha, “Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Pseudomonas Putida NCIM 2650 in silver nitrate supplemented growth medium and optimization using response surface methodology,” Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures. vol. 8, 2013, pp. 1101–1111.
[6] H. Korbekandi, S. Iravani and S. Abbasi, “Optimization of biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei,” Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. vol. 87, 2012, pp. 932–937.
[7] H.R. Ghorbani, “Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by Escherichia coli,” Asian Journal of Chemistry. vol. 25, 2013, pp. 1247–1249.
[8] G. Karunakaran, M. Jagathambal, A. Gusev, N. V. Minh, E. Kolesnikov, A. R. Mandal and D. Kuznetsov, “Nitrobacter sp. extract mediated biosynthesis of Ag2O NPs with excellent antioxidant and antibacterial potential for biomedical application,” IET Nanobiotechnology, vol. 10, 2016, pp. 425 – 430.
[9] S. Sunkar and C.V. Nachiyar, “Biogenesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles using the endophytic bacterium Bacillus cereus isolated from Garcinia xanthochymus,” Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, vol. 2, 2012, pp. 953–959.
[10] J. R. Wu, J. H. Son, H. J. Seo, K. H. Kim, Y. K. Nam, J. W. Lee and S. K. Kim. “Metabolic flux analysis of Beijerinckia indica for PS-7 production,” Biotechnol. Bioproc. Eng. vol. 10, 2005, pp. 91-98.
[11] J. W. Lee, W. G. Yeomans, A. L. Allen, R. A. Gross and D. L. Kaplan. Compositional consistency of a heteropolysaccharide- 7 produced by Beijerinckia indica,” Biotechnol. Lett. vol. 19, 1997, pp. 803-807.
[12] H. Jin, H. S. Kim, S. K. Kim, M. K. Kim, M. K. Shin, J. H. Kim and J. W. Lee. “Production of heteropolysaccharide- 7 by Beijerinckia indica from agro-industrial byproducts,” Enzyme Microb. Technol. vol. 30, 2002, pp. 822-827.
[13] A.W. Bauer, W.M. Kirby, J.C. Sherris and M. Turck, “Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method,” Am. J. Clin. Pathol. vol.45, 1966, pp. 493–496.
[14] A. Serpen, E. Capuano, V. Fogliano and V. Gokmen, “A New Procedure To Measure the Antioxidant Activity of Insoluble Food Components,” J. Agric. Food Chem. vol. 55, 2007, pp. 7676–7681.
[15] K. Kalimuthu, V. Deepak, S. Ramkumarpandian, H. Nellaiah and G. S angiliyandi, “Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by the culture supernatant of Bacillus licheniformis,” Mater. Lett. vol. 62, 2014, pp. 4411–4413.
[16] A. Ahmad, P. Mukherjee, S. Senapati, D. Mandal, M.I. Khan, R. Kumar and M. Sastry, “Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium oxysporum,” Colloids Surf. B. vol. 28, 2003, pp. 313–318.
[17] J.R. Morones, J.L. Elechiguerra, A. Camacho, K. Holt, J.B. Kouri, J.T. Ramirez and M.J. Yacaman, “The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles,” Nanotechnology. vol. 16, 2005, pp. 2346–2353.
[18] K. Kalimuthu, R. Suresh Babu, D. Venkataraman, M. Bilal and S. Gurunathan, “Biosynthesis of silver nanocrystals by Bacillus licheniformis,” Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. vol. 65, 2008, pp. 150–153.
[19] S.C.G. Kiruba Daniel, J. Abirami, S. Kumaran and M. Sivakumar, “Microbicidal Tissue Paper Using Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles,” Current Nanoscience. vol. 11, 2015, pp. 64-68.
[20] K. Jeeva, M. Thiyagarajan, V. Elangovan, N.P. Geetha and P. Venkatachalam, “Caesalpinia coriaria leaf extracts mediated biosynthesis of metallic silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity against clinically isolated pathogens,” Ind. Crops Prod. vol. 52, 2014, pp. 714–720.
[21] A. Nabikhan, K. Kathiresan, Anburaj and M.A. Nabeel, “Synthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles by callus and leaf extracts from saltmarsh plant, Sesuvium portulacastrum L.,” Coll. Surf. B Biointer., vol. 79, 2010, pp. 488–493.
[22] B. Das, S.K. Dash, D. Mandal, T. Ghosh, S. Chattopadhyay, S. Tripathy, S. Das, S. K. Dey, D. Das and S. Roy, “Green synthesized silver nanoparticles destroy multidrug resistant bacteria via reactive oxygen species mediated membrane damage,” Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2015, Article in press, DOI:10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.08.008.
[23] A. Saravanakumar, M. Ganesh, J. Jayaprakash and H.T. Jang, “Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Cassia tora leaf extract and its antioxidant and antibacterial activities,” Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. vol. 28, 2015, pp. 277–281.
[24] A. Sankaranarayanan, G. Munivel, G. Karunakaran, S. Kadaikunnan, N. S. Alharbi, J. M. Khaled and D. Kuznetsov, “Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Arachis hypogaea (Ground Nut) Root Extract for Antibacterial and Clinical Applications,” Journal of Cluster Science, 2016, pp. 1-14, doi:10.1007/s10876-016-1084-x.
[25] S. Shrivastava, T. Bera, A. Roy, G. Singh, P. Ramachandra Rao and D. Dash, “Characterization of enhanced antibacterial effects of novel silver nanoparticles,” Nanotechnology. vol. 18, 2007, pp. 225103-225111.
[26] A. Abbaszadegan, Y. Ghahramani, A. Gholami, B. Hemmateenejad, S. Dorostkar, M. Nabavizadeh and H. Sharghi, “The Effect of Charge at the Surface of Silver Nanoparticles on Antimicrobial Activity against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria: A Preliminary Study,” Journal of Nanomaterials. ID 720654, 2015, pp. 1-8.
[27] S. Paul, J.P. Saikia, S.K. Samdarshi and B.K. Konwar, “Investigation of antioxidant property of iron oxide particlesby 1′-1′ diphenylpicryl-hydrazyle (DPPH) method,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater. vol. 321, 2009, pp. 3621-3623.
[28] J.P. Saikia, S. Paul, B.K. Konwar and S.K. Samdarshi, “Nickel oxide nanoparticles: a novel antioxidant,” Colloids Surf. B., 2010, 78, 146-148.
[29] G. Karunakaran, M. Jagathambal, M. Venkatesh, G.S. Kumar, E. Kolesnikov and D. Kuznetsov, “Hydrangea paniculata flower extract-mediated green synthesis of MgNPs and AgNPs for health care applications,” Powder Technology, vol. 305, 2017, pp. 488-494.
[30] G. Karunakaran, M. Jagathambal, A. Gusev, J.A.L. Torres, E. Kolesnikov and D. Kuznetsov, “Rapid Biosynthesis of AgNPs Using Soil Bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii With Promising Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities for Biomedical Applications,” JOM, 2016, 1-7, doi:10.1007/s11837-016-2175-8.