Application of Central Composite Design Based Response Surface Methodology in Parameter Optimization and on Cellulase Production Using Agricultural Waste

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a powerful and efficient mathematical approach widely applied in the optimization of cultivation process. Cellulase enzyme production by Trichoderma reesei RutC30 using agricultural waste rice straw and banana fiber as carbon source were investigated. In this work, sequential optimization strategy based statistical design was employed to enhance the production of cellulase enzyme through submerged cultivation. A fractional factorial design (26-2) was applied to elucidate the process parameters that significantly affect cellulase production. Temperature, Substrate concentration, Inducer concentration, pH, inoculum age and agitation speed were identified as important process parameters effecting cellulase enzyme synthesis. The concentration of lignocelluloses and lactose (inducer) in the cultivation medium were found to be most significant factors. The steepest ascent method was used to locate the optimal domain and a Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to estimate the quadratic response surface from which the factor levels for maximum production of cellulase were determined.

Authors:

• R.Muthuvelayudham
• T.Viruthagiri

Keywords:

• Banana fiber
• Cellulase
• Optimization
• Rice straw

References:

[1] M. Zaldivar, J. C. Velasquez, I. Contreras and L. M. Perez,
"Trichoderma aureoviride 7-121, a mutant with enhanced production of
lytic enzymes its potential use in waste cellulose degradation and or
biocontrol", EJB Elec J Biotech., Vol. 4(3), 2002.
[2] Y. Lin and S. Tanaka, S, "Ethanol fermentation from biomass resources:
Current state and prospects", Appl Micro Biotech., Vol. 69, pp. 627-642,
2006.
[3] J. A. Asenjo, W. H. Sun and J. L. Spencer, "Optimization of batch
process involving simultaneous enzymatic and microbial hydrolysis
reactions", Biotech. Bioeng., Vol. 37, pp. 1087-1094, 1991.
[4] M. Knauf and M. Moniruzzaman, "Ligno cellulosic biomass processing:
A perspective", Int Sugar J., Vol.106 (1263), pp. 147-150, 2004.
[5] K. Ohmiya, K. Sakka, S. Karita and S. Kimura, "Structure of cellulases
and their applicants", Biotech Genet. Eng. Vol.14, pp. 365-414, 1997.
[6] J. R. Cherry and A. L. Fidantsef, "Directed evolution of Industrial
enzymes: an update", Curr Opn Biotech. Vol.14, pp. 438-443, 2003.
[7] R. A. Fisher, "The arrangement of Field experiments", J of Min Agri.,
Vol.33, pp. 503-513, 1926.
[8] L. H. C. Tippett, "Applications of Statistical Methods to the Control of
Quality in Industrial Production". Manch Stat Soc, Manchester, 1998.
[9] D. C. Montgomery, "Design and Analysis of Experiments", Wiley, New
York, 1991.
[10] W. G. Cochran and G.M. Cox, "Experimental Designs", 2nd Edn,
Wiely, New York, 1957.
[11] L. P. Chandrika and S. Fereidoon, "Optimization of extraction of
phenolic compounds from wheat using response surface methodology",
Food Chem. Pp.47-56, 2005.
[12] G. Dey, A. Mitra, R. Banerjee and B. R. Maiti, "Enhanced production of
amylase by optimization of nutritional constituents using response
surface methodology", Biochem Eng J.Vol. 7, pp.227-231. 2001.
[13] X. C. Hao, X. B. Yu, and Z. L. Yan, "Optimization of the medium for
the production of cellulase by the mutant Trichoderma reesei WX-112
using Response Surface Methodology", Food Tech Biotech. Vol. 44, pp.
89-94, 2006.
[14] P. L. Wejse, K. Ingvorsen and K. K. Mortensen, "Xylanase production
by a novel halophilic bacterium increased 20-fold by response surface
methodology". Enzy Micro Tech. Vol.32, pp.721-727, 2003.
[15] R. Muthuvelayudham and T. Viruthagiri, "Biodegradation of Cellulosic
Waste Materials using Cellulase Protein from Trichoderma reesei", Pol
Res J. Vol.26 (2), pp. 115-118, 2007.
[16] C. L. Aguiar, "Biodegradation of the cellulose from sugarcane bagasse
by fungal cellulose". Cienc. Technol. Aliment. Vol. 3(2), pp.117-121,
2001.
[17] S. Krishna, K. C. S. Rao, J.S. Babu and D.S. Reddy. "Studies on the
production and application of cellulase from Trichoderma reesei QM-
9414", Biopro Eng. Vol.22, pp.467-470, 2000.
[18] T. K. Ghose, "Measurement of cellulose activities", Pure App Chem.
Vol.59, pp.257-268, 1987.
[19] D. M. Updegraff, "Semimicro determination of cellulose in biological
materials", Anal Biochem., Vol.32, pp. 420-424, 1969.
[20] P. Rapp, E. Grote and F. Wagner, "Formation and location of 1, 4-β-
glucanases and 1, 4-β-glucosidases from pencillium janthinellum", App
Env Micro., Vol.41 (4), pp. 857-866, 1981.
[21] R. L Mach and S. Zeilinger, "Regulation of gene expression in industrial
fungi: Trichoderma", App Micro and Biotech., Vol.60, pp. 515-522.
2003.
[22] L. Olsson, T.M.I.E. Christensen, K.P. Hansen and E.A. Palmqvist,
"Influence of the carbon source on production of cellulases,
hemicellulases and pectinases by Trichoderma reesei RUT C-30" Enzy
Micro Tech., Vol. 33 (5), pp. 612-619, 2003.
[23] M. Gruno, P. Valjame, G. Pettersson and G. Johansson, "Inhibition of
the Trichoderma reesei cellulases by cellobiose is strongly dependent on
the nature of the substrate", Biotech Bioeng., Vol.86 (5), pp. 503-511,
2004.
[24] R. Muthuvelayudham, S. Deiveegan and T. Viruthagiri, "Triggering of
cellulase protein production using cellulose with lactose by Trichoderma
reesei", Asia J Micro Biotech Env Sci. Vol.8 (2), pp.33-35, 2006.
[25] P. Janas, "New inducers for cellulases production by Trichoderma reesei
M-7", Food Sci Tech. Vol.5 (1), pp.1-10, 2002.
[26] R. Muthuvelayudham and T. Viruthagiri, "Fermentative Production and
Kinetics of Cellulase Protein on Trichoderma reesei using Sugarcane
Bagasse and Rice straw", Afri J Biotech., Vol.5 (20), pp.1873-1881,
2006.
[27] A. Thygesen, A.B. Thomsen, A.B. Schmidt, H.J. Jorgensen, B.K.
Ahring and L. Olsson, "Production of cellulose and hemicellulose
degrading enzymes by filamentous fungi cultivated on wet - oxidized
wheat straw", Enzy Micro Tech., Vol.32, pp.606-615, 2003.
[28] Z. Szengyel, G. Zacchi, A. Varga and K. Reczey, "Cellulase production
of Trichoderma reesei Rut C 30 using steam - pretreated spruce.
Hydrolytic potential of celluloses on different substrates", App Biochem
and Biotech., Vol. 84-86, pp.679-691, 2000.
[29] R. Muthuvelayudham, B. Barathiraja, R. Kavimozhi, R. Eyalarasan and
T. Viruthagiri, "Kinetics and Modeling of Cellulase Protein using
Trichoderma reesei on Banana Fiber and Cotton Fiber", Asia J of Micro
Biotech and Enviro Sci., Vol. 9(3), pp.665-670, 2007.
[30] R. Muthuvelayudham and T. Viruthagiri, "Optimization and modeling
of cellulase protein from Trichoderma reesei RutC30 using mixed
substrate", Afri J Biotech., Vol.6(1), pp. 41-4, 2007.