Analysis of the Genetic Sequences of PCV2 Virus in Mexico
These All pig-producing countries from around the world report the presence of Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS.) In America, PCV2 has been recognized in Canada, United States and Brazil. Knowledge concerning the genetic sequences of PMWS has been very important. In Mexico, there is no report describing the genetic sequences and variations of the PCV2 virus present around the country. For this reason, the main objective was to describe the homology and genetic sequences of the PCV2 virus obtained from different regions of Mexico. The results show that in Mexico are present both subgenotypes \"a\" and \"b\" of this virus and the homologies are from 89 to 99%. Regarding with the aminoacid sequence, three major heterogenic regions were present in the position 59-91, 123–136 and 185–210. This study presents the results of the first genetic characterization of PCV2 in production herds from Mexico.
[1] C. Boisseson, V. Beven, L. Bigarre, R. Thiery, N. Rose, E. Eveno, F.
Madecf and A. Jestin. "Epidemiologie moléculaire de circovirus porcin
(PCV2) en relation avec la maladie d-amaigrissement du porcelet".
Journées Recherche Porcine. 36, pp. 333-338. 2004.
[2] C. Boisseson, V. Beven, L. Bigarre, R. Thiery, N. Rose, E. Eveno,
Madec, F. and Jestin, A. "Molecular characterization of porcine
circovirus type 2 isolates from post-weaning multisystemic wasting
syndrome-affected and non-affected pigs". J. Gen. Virol. 85, pp. 293-
304. 2004.
[3] I. Brunborg, T. Modal and C. Jonassen. "Quantification of porcine
circovirus type 2 isolated from serum/plasma and tissue samples of
healthy pigs and pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
using a TaqMan-based real-time PCR". J. Viro. Met. 122, pp. 171-178.
2004.
[4] S. Cao, H. Chen, J. Zhao, L. Lu, S. Xiao, A. Guo, B. Wu and Q. He.
"Detection of porcine circovirus type 2, porcine parvovirus and porcine
pseudorabies virus from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting
syndrome by multiplex PCR". Vet. Res. Commun. 29, pp. 263-269.
2005.
[5] V. Celer, and P. Carasova. "First evidence of porcine circovirus type 2
(PCV2) infection of pig in the Czech Republic by semi-nested PCR". J.
Vet. Med. 49, pp. 155-159. 2002.
[6] C. Chae. "A review of porcine circovirus 2-associated syndromes and
diseases". Vet. J. 169, pp. 326-336. 2005.
[7] A. Cheung, K. Lager, K. Kohutyuk. A. Vicent, S. Henry, R. Baker, R.
Rowland and A. Dunham. "Detection of two porcine circovirus type 2
genotypic groups in United States swine herds". Arch. Virol. 152, pp.
1035-1044. 2007.
[8] A. Crowther, J. Berriman, W. Curran, M. Allan and D. Todd.
"Comparison of the structures of three Circoviruses: Chicken anemia
virus, Porcine Circovirus type 2, and Beak and feather disease virus". J.
Virol. 77, pp. 13036-13041. 2003.
[9] K. Dupont, E. Nielsen, P. Bækbo and L. Larsen. "Genomic analysis of
PCV2 isolates from Danish archives and a current PMWS case-control
study supports a shift in genotypes with time". Vet. Microbiology. 128,
pp. 56-64. 2008.
[10] M. Fenaux, P. Halbur, M. Gill, T. Toth and X. Meng. "Genetic
characterization of type 2 porcine Circovirus (PCV-2) from pigs with
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome in different geographic
regions of north American and development of a different PCRRestriction
Fragment Length Polymorphism assay to detect and
differentiate between infections with PCV-1 and PCV-2". J. Clin.
Microbiol. 38, pp. 2494-2503. 2000.
[11] M. Fenaux, P. Halbur, G. Haqshenas, R. Royer, P. Thomas, P.
Nawagitgul, M. Gill, T. Toth and P. Meng. "Cloned genomic DNA of
type 2 porcine circovirus is infectious when injected directly into the
liver and lymph nodes of pigs: characterization of clinical disease, virus
distribution, and pathologic lesions". J. Virol. 76, pp. 541-551. 2002.
[12] M. Fenaux, T. Opriessning, P. Halbur and X. Meng. "Immunogenicity
and pathogenicity of chimeric infectious clones of pathogenic porcine
circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and nonpathogenic PCV1 in weanling pigs". J.
Virol. 77, pp. 11232-1143. 2003.
[13] L. Grau-Roma, E. Crisci, M. Sibila, S. Lopez-Soria, M. Nofrarias, M.
Cortey, L. Fraile, A. Olvera and J. Segales. "A proposal on porcine
circovirus type 2 (PCV2) genotype definition and their relation with
postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) occurrence".
Vet. Microbiology. 128, pp. 23-35. 2008.
[14] J. Kim and C. Chae. "Multiplex nested PCR compared with in situ
hybridization for the differentiation of porcine circovirus and porcine
parvovirus from pigs with postweaning mutisystemic wasting
syndrome". Can. J. Vet. Res. 67, pp. 133-137. 2003.
[15] J. Liu, I. Chen, Q. Du, H. Chua and J. Kwang. ÔÇ×The ORF3 protein of
porcine circovirus type 2 is involved in viral pathogenesis in vivo". J.
Virol. 80, pp. 5065-5073. 2006.
[16] Q. Liu, L. Wang, P. Willson and L. Babiuk. "Quantitative, competitive
PCR analysis of porcine circovirus DNA in serum from pigs with
postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome". J. Clin. Microbiol. 38,
pp. 3474-3477. 2000.
[17] Liu, Q.; Wang, L.; Willson, P.; O'Connor, B.; Keenliside, J.; Chirini-
Trejo, M.; Melendez, R. and Babiuk, L. 2002. Seroprevalence of porcine
circovirus type 2 in swine populations in Canada and Costa Rica. Can. J.
Vet. Res. 66: 225-231.
[18] D. Mahé, P. Blanchard, C. Truong, C. Claire Arnauld, P. Le-Cann, R.
Cariolet, F. Madec, E. Albina, and A. Jestin. "Differential recognition of
ORF2 protein from type 1 and type 2 porcine circoviruses and
identification of immunorelevant epitopes". J. Gen. Virol. 81, pp. 1815-
1824. 2000.
[19] A. Mankertz and B. Hillenbrand. "Analysis of transcription of porcine
circovirus type 1". J. Gen. Virol. 83, pp. 2743-2751. 2002.
[20] A. Mankertz, J. Mankertz, K. Wolf and J. Buhk. "Identification of a
protein essential for replication of porcine circuvirus". J. Gen. Virol. 79,
pp. 381-383. 1998.
[21] N. McKeown, T. Opriessning, P. Thomas, D. Guenette, F. Elvinger, M.
Fenaux, P. Halbur and X. Meng. "Effects of porcine circovirus type 2
(PCV2) maternal antibodies on experimental infection of piglets with
PCV2". Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 12, pp. 1347-1352. 2005.
[22] P.Nawagitgul, R. Morozov, R. Bolin, P. Harms and D. Sorden. "Open
Reading Fragment 2 of porcine circovirus type 2 encodes a major capsid
protein". J. Gen. Virol. 81, pp. 2281-2287. 2000.
[23] T. Opriessning, N. McKeown, K. Harmon, X. Meng and P. Halbur.
"Porcine circovirus type 2 infection decreases the efficacy of modified
live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine". Clin.
Vaccine Immunol. 1, pp. 923-929. 2006.
[24] T. Opriessnig, S. Ramamoorthy, D. Madson, A. Patterson, N. Pal, S.
Carman, X. Meng and P. Halbur. "Differences in virulence among
porcine circovirus type 2 isolates are unrelated to cluster type 2a or 2b
and prior infection provides heterologous protection". J. Gen. Virol. 89,
pp. 2482-2491. 2008.
[25] M. Ouardani, L. Wilson, R. Jette, C. Montpetit and S. Dea. "Multiplex
PCR for detection and typing of porcine circoviruses". J. Clin.
Microbiol. 37, pp. 3917-3924. 1999.
[26] J. Quintana, M. Balasch, J. Segales, M. Calsamiglia, G. Rodriguez-
Arrioja, J. Plana-Duran and M. Domingo. "Experimental inoculation of
porcine circoviruses type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) in rabbits and
mice". Vet. Res. 33, pp. 229-237. 2002.
[27] H. Ramirez-Mendoza, C. Martinez; C. Mercado, H. Castillo-Juarez, J.
Hernandez and J. Segales. "Porcine circovirus type 2 antibody detection
in backyard pigs from Mexico city". Res. Vet. Scien. 83, pp. 130-132.
2007.
[28] A. Resendes, J. Segales, M. Balasch, M. Calsamiglia, M. Sibila, H.
llerbrok, E. Mateu, J. Plana-Duran, A. Mankertz, and M. Domingo.
"Lack of an effect of a comercial vaccine adjuvant on the development
of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in porcine
circovirus type 2 (PCV2) experimentally infected conventional pigs".
Vet. Res. 35, pp. 83-90. 2004.
[29] G. Rodriguez-Arrioja, J. Segales, M. Calsamiglia, A. Resendes, M.
Balasch, J. Plana-Duran, J. Casal, and M. Domingo. "Dynamics of
porcine circovirus type 2 infection in herd of pigs with postweaning and
multisystemic wasting syndrome". AJVR. 6, pp.: 354-357. 2002.
[30] S. Staebler, T. Sydler, E. Buergi, K. McCullough, F. McNeilly, G. Allan,
and A. Pospischil. "PMWS: an emerging disease identified in archived
porcine tissues". Vet. J. 170, pp. 132-134. 2005.
[31] S. Timmusk, P. Wallgren, I. Marit, F. Hasslung, G. Allan, B. Meehan,
M. McMenamy, F. McNeilly, L. Fuxler, K. Belak, D. Podersoo, T. Saar,
M. Berg and C. Fossum. "Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus
type 2 (PCV2) pre- and post-epizootic postweaning multisystemic
wasting syndrome (PMWS)". Virus Genes. 36, pp. 509-520. 2008.
[32] M. Trujano, G. Iglesias, J. Segales and J. Palacios. "PCV2 from
emaciated pigs in Mexico". Vet. Record 148, pp.792. 2001.
[33] J. Vicente, J. Segales, U. Hofle, M. Balasch, J. Plana-Duran, M.
Domingo and C. Gortazar. "Epidemiological study on porcine circovirus
type 2 (PCV2) infection in the European wild boar (Sus scrofa)" Vet.
Res. 35, pp. 243-253. 2004.
[34] P. Wallgren, F. Hasslung, G. Bergstrom, A. Linder, K. Belak, C. Hard,
M. Stampe; B. Molander, T. Bjornberg, E. Norregard, C. Ehlorsson, M.
Tornquist, C. Fossum, G. Allan and J. Robertsson. "Postweaning
multisystemic wasting syndrome -PMWS. The first year with the
disease in Sweden". Vet. Quarterly. 26, pp. 170-187. 2004.
[35] D. Wiederkehr, T. Sydler, E. Buergi, M. Haessig, D. Zimmermann, A.
Pospischil, E. Brugnera and X. Sidler. ÔÇ×A new emerging genotype
subgroup within PCV-2b dominates the PMWS epizooty in
Switzerland". Vet. Microbiology. 136, pp. 27-35. 2009.
[36] S. Yu, T. Opriessnig, P. Kitikoon, D. Nilubol, P. Halbur and E. Thacker.
"Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) distribution and replication in tissue
and immune cells in early infected pigs". Vet. Immuno. Immunopathol.
115, pp. 261-272. 2007.
[37] J. Zhou, Q. Chen, J. Ye, H. Shen, T. Chen and S. Shang. "Serological
investigation and genomic characterization of PCV2 isolates from
different geographical regions of Zhejiang province in China". Vet. Res.
Commun. 3, pp. 205-220. 2006.
[1] C. Boisseson, V. Beven, L. Bigarre, R. Thiery, N. Rose, E. Eveno, F.
Madecf and A. Jestin. "Epidemiologie moléculaire de circovirus porcin
(PCV2) en relation avec la maladie d-amaigrissement du porcelet".
Journées Recherche Porcine. 36, pp. 333-338. 2004.
[2] C. Boisseson, V. Beven, L. Bigarre, R. Thiery, N. Rose, E. Eveno,
Madec, F. and Jestin, A. "Molecular characterization of porcine
circovirus type 2 isolates from post-weaning multisystemic wasting
syndrome-affected and non-affected pigs". J. Gen. Virol. 85, pp. 293-
304. 2004.
[3] I. Brunborg, T. Modal and C. Jonassen. "Quantification of porcine
circovirus type 2 isolated from serum/plasma and tissue samples of
healthy pigs and pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
using a TaqMan-based real-time PCR". J. Viro. Met. 122, pp. 171-178.
2004.
[4] S. Cao, H. Chen, J. Zhao, L. Lu, S. Xiao, A. Guo, B. Wu and Q. He.
"Detection of porcine circovirus type 2, porcine parvovirus and porcine
pseudorabies virus from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting
syndrome by multiplex PCR". Vet. Res. Commun. 29, pp. 263-269.
2005.
[5] V. Celer, and P. Carasova. "First evidence of porcine circovirus type 2
(PCV2) infection of pig in the Czech Republic by semi-nested PCR". J.
Vet. Med. 49, pp. 155-159. 2002.
[6] C. Chae. "A review of porcine circovirus 2-associated syndromes and
diseases". Vet. J. 169, pp. 326-336. 2005.
[7] A. Cheung, K. Lager, K. Kohutyuk. A. Vicent, S. Henry, R. Baker, R.
Rowland and A. Dunham. "Detection of two porcine circovirus type 2
genotypic groups in United States swine herds". Arch. Virol. 152, pp.
1035-1044. 2007.
[8] A. Crowther, J. Berriman, W. Curran, M. Allan and D. Todd.
"Comparison of the structures of three Circoviruses: Chicken anemia
virus, Porcine Circovirus type 2, and Beak and feather disease virus". J.
Virol. 77, pp. 13036-13041. 2003.
[9] K. Dupont, E. Nielsen, P. Bækbo and L. Larsen. "Genomic analysis of
PCV2 isolates from Danish archives and a current PMWS case-control
study supports a shift in genotypes with time". Vet. Microbiology. 128,
pp. 56-64. 2008.
[10] M. Fenaux, P. Halbur, M. Gill, T. Toth and X. Meng. "Genetic
characterization of type 2 porcine Circovirus (PCV-2) from pigs with
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome in different geographic
regions of north American and development of a different PCRRestriction
Fragment Length Polymorphism assay to detect and
differentiate between infections with PCV-1 and PCV-2". J. Clin.
Microbiol. 38, pp. 2494-2503. 2000.
[11] M. Fenaux, P. Halbur, G. Haqshenas, R. Royer, P. Thomas, P.
Nawagitgul, M. Gill, T. Toth and P. Meng. "Cloned genomic DNA of
type 2 porcine circovirus is infectious when injected directly into the
liver and lymph nodes of pigs: characterization of clinical disease, virus
distribution, and pathologic lesions". J. Virol. 76, pp. 541-551. 2002.
[12] M. Fenaux, T. Opriessning, P. Halbur and X. Meng. "Immunogenicity
and pathogenicity of chimeric infectious clones of pathogenic porcine
circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and nonpathogenic PCV1 in weanling pigs". J.
Virol. 77, pp. 11232-1143. 2003.
[13] L. Grau-Roma, E. Crisci, M. Sibila, S. Lopez-Soria, M. Nofrarias, M.
Cortey, L. Fraile, A. Olvera and J. Segales. "A proposal on porcine
circovirus type 2 (PCV2) genotype definition and their relation with
postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) occurrence".
Vet. Microbiology. 128, pp. 23-35. 2008.
[14] J. Kim and C. Chae. "Multiplex nested PCR compared with in situ
hybridization for the differentiation of porcine circovirus and porcine
parvovirus from pigs with postweaning mutisystemic wasting
syndrome". Can. J. Vet. Res. 67, pp. 133-137. 2003.
[15] J. Liu, I. Chen, Q. Du, H. Chua and J. Kwang. ÔÇ×The ORF3 protein of
porcine circovirus type 2 is involved in viral pathogenesis in vivo". J.
Virol. 80, pp. 5065-5073. 2006.
[16] Q. Liu, L. Wang, P. Willson and L. Babiuk. "Quantitative, competitive
PCR analysis of porcine circovirus DNA in serum from pigs with
postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome". J. Clin. Microbiol. 38,
pp. 3474-3477. 2000.
[17] Liu, Q.; Wang, L.; Willson, P.; O'Connor, B.; Keenliside, J.; Chirini-
Trejo, M.; Melendez, R. and Babiuk, L. 2002. Seroprevalence of porcine
circovirus type 2 in swine populations in Canada and Costa Rica. Can. J.
Vet. Res. 66: 225-231.
[18] D. Mahé, P. Blanchard, C. Truong, C. Claire Arnauld, P. Le-Cann, R.
Cariolet, F. Madec, E. Albina, and A. Jestin. "Differential recognition of
ORF2 protein from type 1 and type 2 porcine circoviruses and
identification of immunorelevant epitopes". J. Gen. Virol. 81, pp. 1815-
1824. 2000.
[19] A. Mankertz and B. Hillenbrand. "Analysis of transcription of porcine
circovirus type 1". J. Gen. Virol. 83, pp. 2743-2751. 2002.
[20] A. Mankertz, J. Mankertz, K. Wolf and J. Buhk. "Identification of a
protein essential for replication of porcine circuvirus". J. Gen. Virol. 79,
pp. 381-383. 1998.
[21] N. McKeown, T. Opriessning, P. Thomas, D. Guenette, F. Elvinger, M.
Fenaux, P. Halbur and X. Meng. "Effects of porcine circovirus type 2
(PCV2) maternal antibodies on experimental infection of piglets with
PCV2". Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 12, pp. 1347-1352. 2005.
[22] P.Nawagitgul, R. Morozov, R. Bolin, P. Harms and D. Sorden. "Open
Reading Fragment 2 of porcine circovirus type 2 encodes a major capsid
protein". J. Gen. Virol. 81, pp. 2281-2287. 2000.
[23] T. Opriessning, N. McKeown, K. Harmon, X. Meng and P. Halbur.
"Porcine circovirus type 2 infection decreases the efficacy of modified
live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine". Clin.
Vaccine Immunol. 1, pp. 923-929. 2006.
[24] T. Opriessnig, S. Ramamoorthy, D. Madson, A. Patterson, N. Pal, S.
Carman, X. Meng and P. Halbur. "Differences in virulence among
porcine circovirus type 2 isolates are unrelated to cluster type 2a or 2b
and prior infection provides heterologous protection". J. Gen. Virol. 89,
pp. 2482-2491. 2008.
[25] M. Ouardani, L. Wilson, R. Jette, C. Montpetit and S. Dea. "Multiplex
PCR for detection and typing of porcine circoviruses". J. Clin.
Microbiol. 37, pp. 3917-3924. 1999.
[26] J. Quintana, M. Balasch, J. Segales, M. Calsamiglia, G. Rodriguez-
Arrioja, J. Plana-Duran and M. Domingo. "Experimental inoculation of
porcine circoviruses type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) in rabbits and
mice". Vet. Res. 33, pp. 229-237. 2002.
[27] H. Ramirez-Mendoza, C. Martinez; C. Mercado, H. Castillo-Juarez, J.
Hernandez and J. Segales. "Porcine circovirus type 2 antibody detection
in backyard pigs from Mexico city". Res. Vet. Scien. 83, pp. 130-132.
2007.
[28] A. Resendes, J. Segales, M. Balasch, M. Calsamiglia, M. Sibila, H.
llerbrok, E. Mateu, J. Plana-Duran, A. Mankertz, and M. Domingo.
"Lack of an effect of a comercial vaccine adjuvant on the development
of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in porcine
circovirus type 2 (PCV2) experimentally infected conventional pigs".
Vet. Res. 35, pp. 83-90. 2004.
[29] G. Rodriguez-Arrioja, J. Segales, M. Calsamiglia, A. Resendes, M.
Balasch, J. Plana-Duran, J. Casal, and M. Domingo. "Dynamics of
porcine circovirus type 2 infection in herd of pigs with postweaning and
multisystemic wasting syndrome". AJVR. 6, pp.: 354-357. 2002.
[30] S. Staebler, T. Sydler, E. Buergi, K. McCullough, F. McNeilly, G. Allan,
and A. Pospischil. "PMWS: an emerging disease identified in archived
porcine tissues". Vet. J. 170, pp. 132-134. 2005.
[31] S. Timmusk, P. Wallgren, I. Marit, F. Hasslung, G. Allan, B. Meehan,
M. McMenamy, F. McNeilly, L. Fuxler, K. Belak, D. Podersoo, T. Saar,
M. Berg and C. Fossum. "Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus
type 2 (PCV2) pre- and post-epizootic postweaning multisystemic
wasting syndrome (PMWS)". Virus Genes. 36, pp. 509-520. 2008.
[32] M. Trujano, G. Iglesias, J. Segales and J. Palacios. "PCV2 from
emaciated pigs in Mexico". Vet. Record 148, pp.792. 2001.
[33] J. Vicente, J. Segales, U. Hofle, M. Balasch, J. Plana-Duran, M.
Domingo and C. Gortazar. "Epidemiological study on porcine circovirus
type 2 (PCV2) infection in the European wild boar (Sus scrofa)" Vet.
Res. 35, pp. 243-253. 2004.
[34] P. Wallgren, F. Hasslung, G. Bergstrom, A. Linder, K. Belak, C. Hard,
M. Stampe; B. Molander, T. Bjornberg, E. Norregard, C. Ehlorsson, M.
Tornquist, C. Fossum, G. Allan and J. Robertsson. "Postweaning
multisystemic wasting syndrome -PMWS. The first year with the
disease in Sweden". Vet. Quarterly. 26, pp. 170-187. 2004.
[35] D. Wiederkehr, T. Sydler, E. Buergi, M. Haessig, D. Zimmermann, A.
Pospischil, E. Brugnera and X. Sidler. ÔÇ×A new emerging genotype
subgroup within PCV-2b dominates the PMWS epizooty in
Switzerland". Vet. Microbiology. 136, pp. 27-35. 2009.
[36] S. Yu, T. Opriessnig, P. Kitikoon, D. Nilubol, P. Halbur and E. Thacker.
"Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) distribution and replication in tissue
and immune cells in early infected pigs". Vet. Immuno. Immunopathol.
115, pp. 261-272. 2007.
[37] J. Zhou, Q. Chen, J. Ye, H. Shen, T. Chen and S. Shang. "Serological
investigation and genomic characterization of PCV2 isolates from
different geographical regions of Zhejiang province in China". Vet. Res.
Commun. 3, pp. 205-220. 2006.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:57880", author = "Robles F and Chevez J and Angulo R and Díaz E and González C.", title = "Analysis of the Genetic Sequences of PCV2 Virus in Mexico", abstract = "These All pig-producing countries from around the world report the presence of Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS.) In America, PCV2 has been recognized in Canada, United States and Brazil. Knowledge concerning the genetic sequences of PMWS has been very important. In Mexico, there is no report describing the genetic sequences and variations of the PCV2 virus present around the country. For this reason, the main objective was to describe the homology and genetic sequences of the PCV2 virus obtained from different regions of Mexico. The results show that in Mexico are present both subgenotypes \"a\" and \"b\" of this virus and the homologies are from 89 to 99%. Regarding with the aminoacid sequence, three major heterogenic regions were present in the position 59-91, 123–136 and 185–210. This study presents the results of the first genetic characterization of PCV2 in production herds from Mexico.
", keywords = "PCV-2, sequencing analysis, Mexico", volume = "4", number = "5", pages = "213-5", }
