An Enhanced AODV Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks
An enhanced ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing (E-AODV) protocol for control system applications in wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) is proposed. Our routing algorithm is designed by considering both wireless network communication and the control system aspects. Control system error and network delay are the main selection criteria in our routing protocol. The control and communication performance is evaluated on multi-hop IEEE 802.15.4 networks for building-temperature control systems. The Gilbert-Elliott error model is employed to simulate packet loss in wireless networks. The simulation results demonstrate that the E-AODV routing approach can significantly improve the communication performance better than an original AODV routing under various packet loss rates. However, the control performance result by our approach is not much improved compared with the AODV routing solution.
[1] I. F. Akyildiz and I.H Kasimoglu, "Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks: Research Challenges,” Ad Hoc Networks Journal, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 351-367, 2004.
[2] S. Nethi, M. Pohjola, L.M. Eriksson, and R. Jantti, "Simulation Case Studies of Wireless Networked Control System,” in Proceedings of the 10th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, pp. 100-104, 2007.
[3] M. Bjorkbom, S. Nethi, L.M. Eriksson, and R. Jantti, "Wireless Control System Design and Co-simulation,” Control Engineering Practice, vol. 19, pp. 1075-1086, 2011.
[4] J. Chen, X. Cao, P. Cheng, and Y. Xiao, "Building-environment Control with Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks: Centralized versus Distributed," IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 3596-3605, 2010.
[5] X. Feng, T. Yu-Chu, L. Yanjun, and S. Youxian, "Wireless Sensor/Actuator Network Design for Mobile Control Applications,” Sensors 2007, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 2157-2173, 2007.
[6] P. Han, H. Wu, D.M. Dilin and C.S. Gao, "ELRS: An Energy-efficient Layered Routing Scheme for Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks,” in Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, vol. 2, pp. 452-460, 2006.
[7] A. Boukerche, R.B. Araujo and L. Villas, "A Wireless Actor and Sensor Networks QoS-aware Routing Protocol for the Emergency Preparedness Class of Applications,” in Proceedings of the 31st Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, pp. 832-839, 2006.
[8] J. Chen, Y. Zhang, X. Cao and Y. Sun, "A Communication Paradigm for Wireless Sensor/Actuator Networks,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, pp. 70-75, 2007.
[9] A. Boukerche, R.B. Araujo and L. Villas, "Optimal Route Selection for Highly Dynamic Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks Environment,” in Proceedings of the 10th ACM International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, pp. 21-27, 2007.
[10] A. Boukerche, R. B. Araujo and L. Villas, "A Novel QoS Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Actor and Sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Global Communication Conference, pp. 4931-4935, 2007.
[11] Z. Dai, Z. Li, B. Wang and Q. Tang, "An Energy-Aware Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks,” Information Technology Journal, vol. 8, pp. 1044-1048, 2009.
[12] L. Barolli, T. Yang, G. Mino, F. Xhafa and A. Durresi, "Routing Efficiency in Wireless Sensor-Actor Networks Considering Semi-Automated Architecture,” Journal of Mobile Multimedia, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 97-113, 2010.
[13] Z. Dai, B. Wang, Z. Li and A. Yin, "VDSPT: A Sensor-Actor Coordination Protocol for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network Based on Voronoi Diagram and Shortest Path Tree,” in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Computer Network and Multimedia Technology, pp. 1-4, 2009.
[14] M.A. Khan, G.A. Shah, M. Ahsan, and M. Sher, "An Efficient and Reliable Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Actor Networks (WSANs),” in Proceedings of the 53rd IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 332-338 , 2010.
[15] H.J. Chang, G.T. Park, "Coordinator Assignment Scheme and Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks,” in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Education Technology and Computer, pp. 406-410, 2010.
[16] P. Park, C. Fischione, and A. Bonivento, "Breath: An Adaptive Protocol for Industrial Control Application Using Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 10, pp. 281-832, June, 2010.
[17] N.S. Nise, "Control Systems Engineering,” 4th Edition, John Wiley: New York, 2004.
[18] A. Booranawong, W. Teerapabkajorndet, and C. Limsakul, "Energy Consumption and Control Response Evaluations of AODV Routing in WSANs for Building-Temperature Control,” Sensors 2013, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 8303-8330, 2013.
[19] T. Kohtamaki, M. Pohjola, J. Brand, and L.M. Eriksson, "PiccSIM Toolchain-design, Simulation and Automatic Implementation of Wireless Networked Control Systems,” in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Networking Sensing and Control, pp. 49-54, March 2009.
[20] T. Instruments, "CC2420 Datasheet,” Available online: http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/cc2420.pdf (accessed on 20 November 2013).
[21] P. Pivato, L. Palopoli, D. Petri, "Accuracy of RSS-based Centroid Localization Algorithm in an Indoor Environment,” IEEE Transaction on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 60, no. 10, 2011.
[22] K. Ji, and W.J. Kim, "Optimal Bandwidth Allocation and QoS-adaptive Control Co-design for Networked Control Systems,” International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 596-606, 2008.
[23] T. Bai, Z.M. Wu, and G.K. Yang, "Optimal Bandwidth Scheduling of Networked Control Systems (NCSs) in Accordance with Jitter,” Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 535-542, 2005.
[24] M. Bjorkbom, "Wireless Control System Simulation and Network Adaptive Control,” Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Automation and Systems Technology, Aalto University, Finland, 2010.
[1] I. F. Akyildiz and I.H Kasimoglu, "Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks: Research Challenges,” Ad Hoc Networks Journal, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 351-367, 2004.
[2] S. Nethi, M. Pohjola, L.M. Eriksson, and R. Jantti, "Simulation Case Studies of Wireless Networked Control System,” in Proceedings of the 10th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, pp. 100-104, 2007.
[3] M. Bjorkbom, S. Nethi, L.M. Eriksson, and R. Jantti, "Wireless Control System Design and Co-simulation,” Control Engineering Practice, vol. 19, pp. 1075-1086, 2011.
[4] J. Chen, X. Cao, P. Cheng, and Y. Xiao, "Building-environment Control with Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks: Centralized versus Distributed," IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 3596-3605, 2010.
[5] X. Feng, T. Yu-Chu, L. Yanjun, and S. Youxian, "Wireless Sensor/Actuator Network Design for Mobile Control Applications,” Sensors 2007, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 2157-2173, 2007.
[6] P. Han, H. Wu, D.M. Dilin and C.S. Gao, "ELRS: An Energy-efficient Layered Routing Scheme for Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks,” in Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, vol. 2, pp. 452-460, 2006.
[7] A. Boukerche, R.B. Araujo and L. Villas, "A Wireless Actor and Sensor Networks QoS-aware Routing Protocol for the Emergency Preparedness Class of Applications,” in Proceedings of the 31st Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, pp. 832-839, 2006.
[8] J. Chen, Y. Zhang, X. Cao and Y. Sun, "A Communication Paradigm for Wireless Sensor/Actuator Networks,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, pp. 70-75, 2007.
[9] A. Boukerche, R.B. Araujo and L. Villas, "Optimal Route Selection for Highly Dynamic Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks Environment,” in Proceedings of the 10th ACM International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, pp. 21-27, 2007.
[10] A. Boukerche, R. B. Araujo and L. Villas, "A Novel QoS Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Actor and Sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Global Communication Conference, pp. 4931-4935, 2007.
[11] Z. Dai, Z. Li, B. Wang and Q. Tang, "An Energy-Aware Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks,” Information Technology Journal, vol. 8, pp. 1044-1048, 2009.
[12] L. Barolli, T. Yang, G. Mino, F. Xhafa and A. Durresi, "Routing Efficiency in Wireless Sensor-Actor Networks Considering Semi-Automated Architecture,” Journal of Mobile Multimedia, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 97-113, 2010.
[13] Z. Dai, B. Wang, Z. Li and A. Yin, "VDSPT: A Sensor-Actor Coordination Protocol for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network Based on Voronoi Diagram and Shortest Path Tree,” in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Computer Network and Multimedia Technology, pp. 1-4, 2009.
[14] M.A. Khan, G.A. Shah, M. Ahsan, and M. Sher, "An Efficient and Reliable Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Actor Networks (WSANs),” in Proceedings of the 53rd IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 332-338 , 2010.
[15] H.J. Chang, G.T. Park, "Coordinator Assignment Scheme and Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks,” in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Education Technology and Computer, pp. 406-410, 2010.
[16] P. Park, C. Fischione, and A. Bonivento, "Breath: An Adaptive Protocol for Industrial Control Application Using Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 10, pp. 281-832, June, 2010.
[17] N.S. Nise, "Control Systems Engineering,” 4th Edition, John Wiley: New York, 2004.
[18] A. Booranawong, W. Teerapabkajorndet, and C. Limsakul, "Energy Consumption and Control Response Evaluations of AODV Routing in WSANs for Building-Temperature Control,” Sensors 2013, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 8303-8330, 2013.
[19] T. Kohtamaki, M. Pohjola, J. Brand, and L.M. Eriksson, "PiccSIM Toolchain-design, Simulation and Automatic Implementation of Wireless Networked Control Systems,” in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Networking Sensing and Control, pp. 49-54, March 2009.
[20] T. Instruments, "CC2420 Datasheet,” Available online: http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/cc2420.pdf (accessed on 20 November 2013).
[21] P. Pivato, L. Palopoli, D. Petri, "Accuracy of RSS-based Centroid Localization Algorithm in an Indoor Environment,” IEEE Transaction on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 60, no. 10, 2011.
[22] K. Ji, and W.J. Kim, "Optimal Bandwidth Allocation and QoS-adaptive Control Co-design for Networked Control Systems,” International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 596-606, 2008.
[23] T. Bai, Z.M. Wu, and G.K. Yang, "Optimal Bandwidth Scheduling of Networked Control Systems (NCSs) in Accordance with Jitter,” Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 535-542, 2005.
[24] M. Bjorkbom, "Wireless Control System Simulation and Network Adaptive Control,” Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Automation and Systems Technology, Aalto University, Finland, 2010.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:65878", author = "Apidet Booranawong and Wiklom Teerapabkajorndet", title = "An Enhanced AODV Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks ", abstract = "An enhanced ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing (E-AODV) protocol for control system applications in wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) is proposed. Our routing algorithm is designed by considering both wireless network communication and the control system aspects. Control system error and network delay are the main selection criteria in our routing protocol. The control and communication performance is evaluated on multi-hop IEEE 802.15.4 networks for building-temperature control systems. The Gilbert-Elliott error model is employed to simulate packet loss in wireless networks. The simulation results demonstrate that the E-AODV routing approach can significantly improve the communication performance better than an original AODV routing under various packet loss rates. However, the control performance result by our approach is not much improved compared with the AODV routing solution.
", keywords = "WSANs, building temperature control, AODV routing protocol, control system error, settling time, delay, delivery ratio. ", volume = "7", number = "12", pages = "1693-8", }
