Ageing Assessment of Insulation Systems by Absorption/Resorption Currents
Degradation of polymeric insulation systems of
electrical equipments increases the space charge density and the
concentration of electrical dipoles. By consequence, the maximum
values and the slopes of absorption/resorption (A/R) currents can
change with insulation systems ageing. In this paper, an analysis of
the nature of the A/R currents and the importance of their
components, especially the polarization current and the current given
by the space charge, is presented. The experimental study concerns
the A/R currents measurements of plane samples (made from
CALMICAGLAS tapes), virgin and thermally accelerated aged. The
obtained results show that the ageing process produces an increase of
the values and a decrease of shapes of the A/R currents. Finally, the
possibility of estimating insulations ageing state and lifetime from
A/R currents measurements is discussed.
[1] P. V. Notingher, Materials for Electrotechnics. Vol. 1, Bucharest:
Politehnica Press, 2005, ch. 7.
[2] R. E. Droper, B. J. Moore, R. H. Rehder, "Insulation System Evaluation
for Rotating Machinery", IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag., vol. 11, 4, pp. 19-25,
1995.
[3] S. Busoi, P. V. Notingher, L. M. Dumitran, "Estimation of the
Degradation State of Medium Power Machines Insulation by the
Polarization Index", Proc. of Joint Int. Conf. "Materials for Electrical
Engineering", Bucharest, Romania, pp. 420-425, 2008.
[4] M. Farahani, H. Borsi, E. Gockenbach, "Dielectric Response Studies on
Insulating System of High Voltage Rotating Machines", IEEE Trans.
Dielectr. Electr. Insul., vol. 13, 1, pp. 383-393, 2006.
[5] J. Singh, Y. R. Sood, R. K. Jarial, "Condition Monitoring of Power
Transformers - Bibliography Survey", IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag., vol. 24,
3, pp. 11 - 25, 2008.
[6] H. Okubo, "Recent Progress and Future Perspective on Condition
Monitoring and Diagnostic Techniques for Power Equipment in Japan",
2008 Int. Conf. on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis, Beijing, China,
Paper KN-03, pp. 1 - 6, 2008.
[7] G. C. Stone, E. A. Boulter, I. Culbert, H. Dhirani, Electrical Insulation
for Rotating Machines. Design, Evaluation, Aging, Testing and Repair,
1st Edition, Wiley-Interscience, 2004.
[8] M. Kaufhold, K. Schaefer, K. Bauer, A. Bethge, J. Risse, "Interface
Phenomena in Stator Winding Insulation - Challenges in Design,
Diagnosis and Sevice Experience", IEEE Trans. Electr. Insul., vol. 18,
pp. 27-36, 2002.
[9] W. McDermid, "Experience with Thermal Cycling of Stator Coils and
Bars", Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Electr. Insul., Toronto, Canada, pp. 344-
345, 2006.
[10] G. C. Montanari, A. Cavallini, "Insulation ConditionAssessment of
Power Equipments in Electrical Assets Based on On-line Monitoring of
Partial Discharges", 2008 Int. Conf. on Condition Monitoring and
Diagnosis, Beijing, China, Paper KN-02, pp. 1 - 6, 2008.
[11] T. K. Saha, "Review of Modern Diagnostic Technics for Assessing
Insulation Condition in Aged Transformers", IEEE Trans. Dielectr.
Electr. Insul., vol. 10, pp. 903-917, 2003.
[12] A. Wichmann, "Two Decades of Experience and Progress in Epoxy
Mica Insulation Systems for Large Rotating Machines", IEEE Trans.
Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. PAS-102, pp. 74-82, 1983.
[13] M. B. Srinivas, T. S. Ramu, "Multifactor Aging of HV Generator Stator
Insulation Including Mechanical Vibrations", IEEE Trans. Electr. Insul.,
vol. 27, pp. 1009-1021, 1992.
[14] S. Grubic, J. M. Aller, B. Lu, T. G. Habetler, "A Survey of Testing and
Monitoring Methods for Stator Insulation Systems in Induction
Machines", 2008 Int. Conf. on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis,
Beijing, China, Paper B2-07, pp. 1 - 8, 2008.
[15] W. Zaengl, "Dielectric Spectroscopy in Time and Frequency Domain for
HV Power Equipment", IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag., vol. 19, 5, pp. 5-29
and vol. 19, 6, pp. 9-22, 2003.
[16] P. V. Notingher, Cristina Stancu, L. M. Dumitran, P. Notingher jr.,
Aleksandra Rakowska, K. Siodla, "Influence of the Ageing State of
Insulation Systems on Absorption/Resorption Currents", Revue Roum.
Sci. Tech. - Electr. Et Energ., vol. 53, 2, pp. 163-177, 2008.
[17] P. V. Notingher, L. M. Dumitran, S. Busoi, E. Balescu, G. Tanasescu,
"The Use of Conductivity Factors for Estimating the Degradation State
of Insulation Systems of Medium-Power Electrical Machines", 2008 Int.
Conf. on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis, Beijing, China, Paper
B1-01, pp. 126-129, 2008.
[18] G. Reza, E. David, "Condition Assessment of Rotating Machine
Winding Insulation by Analysis of Charging and Dischargind Currents",
Proc. of 2006 IEEE Int. Symp. Electr. Insul., Toronto, Canada, pp 336-
339, 2006.
[19] M. Abou Dakka, A. Bulinski, S. Bamji, "Correlation between dc
Polarisation and Failure Characteristics of XLPE and EPR Aged with ac
Voltage in a Wet Environment", IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul.,
vol. 12, 4, pp. 700-708, 2005.
[20] Th. Heizmann, W. S. Zaengh, "Influence of Aging on Depolarization
Currents in Polymer-Insulated Medium-Voltage Cables", IEEE Conf.
Electr. Insul Dielectr. Phenomena, Knoxville, TN, USA, pp. 324-329,
1991.
[21] L. Rux, B. McDermid, "Assessing the Condition of Hydrogerator
StatorInsulation Using High-Direct Voltage Test Method", IEEE Electr.
Insul. Mag., vol. 17, 6, pp. 27-33, 2001.
[22] IEC PUBLICATION 60216-1, Electrical Insulation Materials -
Properties of Thermal Endurance - Part 1: Ageing Procedures and
Evaluation of Test Results, Fifth Edition, 2001-07.
[23] R. Bruetsch, H. Brandes, A. Debuisson, B. Marasic, M. Schulz,
"Polyesterimide Resins for Rotating High Voltage Machines", Coil
Winding Int. & Electr. Insul., vol. 30, pp. 20-28, 2007.
[24] Y. Bo, Z .Zhelei, C. Xiaolin, H. Xie, "Study on the Characteristic
Parameters Used to Assess the Insulation Condition of Stator Winding",
Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Prop.App.Dielectr. Mat., Nagoya, Japan, pp. 278-
280, 2003.
[25] H. Behbahanifard, H. Karshenas, A. Sadoughi, "Non-invasive On-line
Detection of Winding Faults in Induction Motors -A Review", 2008 Int.
Conf. on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis, Beijing, China, Paper
B2-05, pp. 1 - 6, 2008.
[26] X. Zhang, E. Gockenbach, "Asset-Management of Transformers Based
on Condition Monitoring and Standard Diagnosis", IEEE Electr. Insul.
Mag., vol. 24, 4, pp 26-40, 2008.
[1] P. V. Notingher, Materials for Electrotechnics. Vol. 1, Bucharest:
Politehnica Press, 2005, ch. 7.
[2] R. E. Droper, B. J. Moore, R. H. Rehder, "Insulation System Evaluation
for Rotating Machinery", IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag., vol. 11, 4, pp. 19-25,
1995.
[3] S. Busoi, P. V. Notingher, L. M. Dumitran, "Estimation of the
Degradation State of Medium Power Machines Insulation by the
Polarization Index", Proc. of Joint Int. Conf. "Materials for Electrical
Engineering", Bucharest, Romania, pp. 420-425, 2008.
[4] M. Farahani, H. Borsi, E. Gockenbach, "Dielectric Response Studies on
Insulating System of High Voltage Rotating Machines", IEEE Trans.
Dielectr. Electr. Insul., vol. 13, 1, pp. 383-393, 2006.
[5] J. Singh, Y. R. Sood, R. K. Jarial, "Condition Monitoring of Power
Transformers - Bibliography Survey", IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag., vol. 24,
3, pp. 11 - 25, 2008.
[6] H. Okubo, "Recent Progress and Future Perspective on Condition
Monitoring and Diagnostic Techniques for Power Equipment in Japan",
2008 Int. Conf. on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis, Beijing, China,
Paper KN-03, pp. 1 - 6, 2008.
[7] G. C. Stone, E. A. Boulter, I. Culbert, H. Dhirani, Electrical Insulation
for Rotating Machines. Design, Evaluation, Aging, Testing and Repair,
1st Edition, Wiley-Interscience, 2004.
[8] M. Kaufhold, K. Schaefer, K. Bauer, A. Bethge, J. Risse, "Interface
Phenomena in Stator Winding Insulation - Challenges in Design,
Diagnosis and Sevice Experience", IEEE Trans. Electr. Insul., vol. 18,
pp. 27-36, 2002.
[9] W. McDermid, "Experience with Thermal Cycling of Stator Coils and
Bars", Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Electr. Insul., Toronto, Canada, pp. 344-
345, 2006.
[10] G. C. Montanari, A. Cavallini, "Insulation ConditionAssessment of
Power Equipments in Electrical Assets Based on On-line Monitoring of
Partial Discharges", 2008 Int. Conf. on Condition Monitoring and
Diagnosis, Beijing, China, Paper KN-02, pp. 1 - 6, 2008.
[11] T. K. Saha, "Review of Modern Diagnostic Technics for Assessing
Insulation Condition in Aged Transformers", IEEE Trans. Dielectr.
Electr. Insul., vol. 10, pp. 903-917, 2003.
[12] A. Wichmann, "Two Decades of Experience and Progress in Epoxy
Mica Insulation Systems for Large Rotating Machines", IEEE Trans.
Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. PAS-102, pp. 74-82, 1983.
[13] M. B. Srinivas, T. S. Ramu, "Multifactor Aging of HV Generator Stator
Insulation Including Mechanical Vibrations", IEEE Trans. Electr. Insul.,
vol. 27, pp. 1009-1021, 1992.
[14] S. Grubic, J. M. Aller, B. Lu, T. G. Habetler, "A Survey of Testing and
Monitoring Methods for Stator Insulation Systems in Induction
Machines", 2008 Int. Conf. on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis,
Beijing, China, Paper B2-07, pp. 1 - 8, 2008.
[15] W. Zaengl, "Dielectric Spectroscopy in Time and Frequency Domain for
HV Power Equipment", IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag., vol. 19, 5, pp. 5-29
and vol. 19, 6, pp. 9-22, 2003.
[16] P. V. Notingher, Cristina Stancu, L. M. Dumitran, P. Notingher jr.,
Aleksandra Rakowska, K. Siodla, "Influence of the Ageing State of
Insulation Systems on Absorption/Resorption Currents", Revue Roum.
Sci. Tech. - Electr. Et Energ., vol. 53, 2, pp. 163-177, 2008.
[17] P. V. Notingher, L. M. Dumitran, S. Busoi, E. Balescu, G. Tanasescu,
"The Use of Conductivity Factors for Estimating the Degradation State
of Insulation Systems of Medium-Power Electrical Machines", 2008 Int.
Conf. on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis, Beijing, China, Paper
B1-01, pp. 126-129, 2008.
[18] G. Reza, E. David, "Condition Assessment of Rotating Machine
Winding Insulation by Analysis of Charging and Dischargind Currents",
Proc. of 2006 IEEE Int. Symp. Electr. Insul., Toronto, Canada, pp 336-
339, 2006.
[19] M. Abou Dakka, A. Bulinski, S. Bamji, "Correlation between dc
Polarisation and Failure Characteristics of XLPE and EPR Aged with ac
Voltage in a Wet Environment", IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul.,
vol. 12, 4, pp. 700-708, 2005.
[20] Th. Heizmann, W. S. Zaengh, "Influence of Aging on Depolarization
Currents in Polymer-Insulated Medium-Voltage Cables", IEEE Conf.
Electr. Insul Dielectr. Phenomena, Knoxville, TN, USA, pp. 324-329,
1991.
[21] L. Rux, B. McDermid, "Assessing the Condition of Hydrogerator
StatorInsulation Using High-Direct Voltage Test Method", IEEE Electr.
Insul. Mag., vol. 17, 6, pp. 27-33, 2001.
[22] IEC PUBLICATION 60216-1, Electrical Insulation Materials -
Properties of Thermal Endurance - Part 1: Ageing Procedures and
Evaluation of Test Results, Fifth Edition, 2001-07.
[23] R. Bruetsch, H. Brandes, A. Debuisson, B. Marasic, M. Schulz,
"Polyesterimide Resins for Rotating High Voltage Machines", Coil
Winding Int. & Electr. Insul., vol. 30, pp. 20-28, 2007.
[24] Y. Bo, Z .Zhelei, C. Xiaolin, H. Xie, "Study on the Characteristic
Parameters Used to Assess the Insulation Condition of Stator Winding",
Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Prop.App.Dielectr. Mat., Nagoya, Japan, pp. 278-
280, 2003.
[25] H. Behbahanifard, H. Karshenas, A. Sadoughi, "Non-invasive On-line
Detection of Winding Faults in Induction Motors -A Review", 2008 Int.
Conf. on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis, Beijing, China, Paper
B2-05, pp. 1 - 6, 2008.
[26] X. Zhang, E. Gockenbach, "Asset-Management of Transformers Based
on Condition Monitoring and Standard Diagnosis", IEEE Electr. Insul.
Mag., vol. 24, 4, pp 26-40, 2008.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:54510", author = "Petru V. Notingher and Stefan Busoi and Laurentiu M. Dumitran and Cristina Stancu and Gabriel Tanasescu and Emanuel Balescu", title = "Ageing Assessment of Insulation Systems by Absorption/Resorption Currents", abstract = "Degradation of polymeric insulation systems of
electrical equipments increases the space charge density and the
concentration of electrical dipoles. By consequence, the maximum
values and the slopes of absorption/resorption (A/R) currents can
change with insulation systems ageing. In this paper, an analysis of
the nature of the A/R currents and the importance of their
components, especially the polarization current and the current given
by the space charge, is presented. The experimental study concerns
the A/R currents measurements of plane samples (made from
CALMICAGLAS tapes), virgin and thermally accelerated aged. The
obtained results show that the ageing process produces an increase of
the values and a decrease of shapes of the A/R currents. Finally, the
possibility of estimating insulations ageing state and lifetime from
A/R currents measurements is discussed.", keywords = "Insulation Systems, Absorption/Resorption Currents,
Ageing, Lifetime.", volume = "3", number = "1", pages = "60-7", }
