Adsorption of Crystal Violet onto BTEA- and CTMA-bentonite from Aqueous Solutions
CTMA-bentonite and BTEA-Bentonite prepared by Na-bentonite cation exchanged with cetyltrimethylammonium(CTMA) and benzyltriethylammonium (BTEA). Products were characterized by XRD and IR techniques.The d001 spacing value of CTMA-bentonite and BTEA-bentonite are 7.54Å and 3.50Å larger than that of Na-bentonite at 100% cation exchange capacity, respectively. The IR spectrum showed that the intensities of OH stretching and bending vibrations of the two organoclays decreased greatly comparing to untreated Na-bentonite. Batch experiments were carried out at 303 K, 318 K and 333 K to obtain the sorption isotherms of Crystal violet onto the two organoclays. The results show that the sorption isothermal data could be well described by Freundlich model. The dynamical data for the two organoclays fit well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of CTMA-bentonite was found higher than that of BTEA-Bentonite. Thermodynamic parameters such as changes in the free energy (ΔG°), the enthalpy (ΔH°) and the entropy (ΔS°) were also evaluated. The overall adsorption process of Crystal violet onto the two organoclays were spontaneous, endothermic physisorption. The CTMA-bentonite and BTEA-Bentonite could be employed as low-cost alternatives to activated carbon in wastewater treatment for the removal of color which comes from textile dyes.
[1] Mishra G, Tripathy M. Acritical review of the treatments for
decoloutization of textile effluent. Colourage, 1993, 40: 35-38
[2] Baskaralinggam P, Pulikesi M, Elango D, Ramamurthi V, Sivanesan S.
Adsorption of acid dye onto organobentonite, J.Hazard. Mater, 2006, 128:
138-144
[3] Özcan A, Öncü E M, Özcan A S. Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic
studies of adsorption of Acid Blue 193 from aqueous solutions onto
BTMA-natural sepilite, Colloid Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects,
2006, 277: 90-97.
[4] Özcan A, Öncü E M, Özcan A S. Adsorption of Acid Blue 193 from
aqueous solutions onto DEDMA-sepiolite,J. Hazard. Mater, 2006, 129:
244-252.
[5] Ravikumar K, Deebika K, Balu K. Decolourization of aqueous dye
solutions by a novel adsorbent: application of statistical designs and
surface plots for the optimization and regression analysis, J. Hazard.
Mater, 2005, 122: 75-83
[6] Ravikumar K, Pakshirajan K, Swaminathan T, Balu K. Optimization of
batch process parameters using response surface methodology for dye
removal by a novel adsorbent. Chem. Eng. J, 2005, 105: 131-138
[7] Gupta V K, Ali I, Suhas, Mohan D. Equilibrium uptake and sorption
dynamics for the removal of a basic dye (basic red) using low-lost
adsorbents. J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 2003, 265: 257-264
[8] Gupta V K, Mittal A, Krishnan L, Gajbe V. Adsorption kinetics and
column operations for the removal and recovery of malachite green from
wastewater using bottom ash. Sep. Purif. Technol, 2004, 40: 87-96
[9] Mittal A, Kurup Krishnan L, Gupta V K. Use of waste materials-bottom
ash and de-oiled soya, as potential adsorbents for the removal of amaranth
from aqueous solutions. J. Hazard. Mater, 2005, 117: 171-178
[10] Mittal A. Use of hen feathers as potential adsorbent for the removal of a
hazardous dye, Brilliant Blue FCF, from wastewater. J. Hazard. Mater,
2006, 128: 233-239
[11] Bhattacharyya KG, Sharma A. Azadirachta inica leaf powder as an
effective biosorbent for dyes: a case study with aqueous CongoRed
solutions. J. Environ. Manage, 2004, 71: 217-229
[12] Özcan A S, Öncü E M, Özcan A. Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic
studies of adsorption of Acid Blue 193 from aqueous solutions onto
BTMA-bentonite, Colloid Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 2005,
266: 73-81
[13] Özcan A, Öncü E M, Özcan A S. Adsorption of Acid Blue 193 from
aqueous solutions onto Na-bentonite and DTMA-bentonite, J. Colloid
Interf. Sci., 2004, 280: 44-54
[14] K─▒l─▒n├º A S, ├ûzge, Alpat, ┼×enol A, H├╝samettin A. The adsorption kinetics
and removal of cationic dye, Toluidine Blue O, from aqueous solution
with Turkish zeolite. J. Hazard. Mater, 2008, 151(1): 213-220
[15] Armagan B, Turan M, Celik M S. Equilibrium studies on the adsorption of
reactive azodyes into zeolite. Desalination, 2004, 170: 33-39
[16] Benkli Y E, Can M F, Turan M, Celik M S. Modification of organozeolite
surface for the removal of reactive azodyes in fixed-bed reactors. Water
Res, 2005, 39: 487-493
[17] Wang S, Li H, Xu L. Application of zaolite MCM-22 for basic dye
removal from wastewater, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 2006, 295: 71-78
[18] Wang C C, Juang L C, Hsu T C, Lee C K, Lee J F, Huang F C. adsorption
of basic dyes onto motmorillonite. J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 2004, 273: 80-86
[19] Selvam P P, Preethi S, Basakaralingam P, Thinakaran N, Sivasamy A,
Sivanesan S. Removal of rhodamine B from aqueous solution by
adsorption onto sodium montmorillonite. J Hazard Mater, 2008, 155(1-2):
39-44
[20] Wang L, Zhang J p, Wang A q. Removal of methylene blue from aqueous
solution using chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid) /montmorillonite
superadsorbent nanocomposite. Colloids Surf. A: Phys. Eng. Asp., 2008,
322(1-3): 47-53
[21] Turabik M. Adsorption of basic dyes from single and binary component
systems onto bentonite: Simultaneous analysis of Basic Red 46 and Basic
Yellow 28 by first order derivative spectrophotometric analysis method. J
Hazard Mater, 2008, 158(1): 52-64
[22] Eren E, Afsin B. Investigation of a basic dye adsorption from aqueous
solution onto raw and pre-treated bentonite surfaces. Dyes & Pigments,
2008, 76(1) 220-225
[23] Özcan A, Çiğdem, Erdoğan Y, Özcan, A S. Modification of bentonite
with a cationic surfactant: An adsorption study of textile dye Reactive
Blue 19. J Hazard Mater, 2007, 140(1/2): 173-179
[24] Banat S F. Al-Asheh S. Al-Anbar S, Al-Refaie S. Microwave- and
acid-treated bentonite as adsorbents of methylene blue from a simulated
dye wastewater. Bull Eng Geol Env., 2007, 66: 53-58
[25] Ghiaci M, Kalbasi R J, Abbaspour A. Adsorption isotherms of non-ionic
surfactants on Na-bentonite (Iran) and evaluation of thermodynamic
parameters. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 2007,
297: 105-113
[26] Shen. Y.H., Removal of phenol from water by adsorption-flocculation
using organobentonite. Water Research, 2002,36:1107-1114
[27] Froehner. S, Martins. R.F, Furukawa. W, Errera. M.R, Water
Remediation by Adsorption of Phenol onto Hydrophobic Modified Clay.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2009,199(1-4):107-113
[28] Khenifi. A, Bouberka. Z, Sekrane. F, Kameche. M, Derriche. Z,
Adsorption study of an industrial dye by an organic clay. Adsorption,
2007,13(2):149-158
[29] Zhu. L.Z, Ruan. X.X, Chen. B.L, Zhu. R. L,Efficient removal and
mechanisms of water soluble aromatic contaminants by a reduced-charge
bentonite modified with benzyltrimethylammonium cation.
Chemosphere, 2008, 70:1987-1994
[30] Tabak. A, Afsin. B, Aygun. S. F, Koksal. E, Structural characteristics
of organo-modified bentonites of different origin. Journal of Thermal
Analysis and Calorimetry, 2007,87(2): 375-381
[31] Kacha. S., Derriche. Z., Elmaleh. S.,.Equilibrium and Kinetics of
Color Removal from Dye Solutions with Bentonite and Polyaluminum
Hydroxide. Water Environment Research, 2003,75 (1): 15-20
[32] Redding. A.Z., Burns. S.E., Upson. R. T., Anderson. E. F.,
Organoclay sorption of benzene as a function of total organic carbon
content. Journal of colloid and interface science, 2002,250:261-264
[33] Upson. R. T., Burns. S.E., sorption of nitroaromatic compounds to
synthesized organoclay. Journal of colloid and interface science,
2006,297:70-76
[34] Seki.Y., Yurdakoç. K.,Adsorption of Promethazine hydrochloride with
KSF Montmorillonite. Adsorption, 2006,12(1):89-100
[1] Mishra G, Tripathy M. Acritical review of the treatments for
decoloutization of textile effluent. Colourage, 1993, 40: 35-38
[2] Baskaralinggam P, Pulikesi M, Elango D, Ramamurthi V, Sivanesan S.
Adsorption of acid dye onto organobentonite, J.Hazard. Mater, 2006, 128:
138-144
[3] Özcan A, Öncü E M, Özcan A S. Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic
studies of adsorption of Acid Blue 193 from aqueous solutions onto
BTMA-natural sepilite, Colloid Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects,
2006, 277: 90-97.
[4] Özcan A, Öncü E M, Özcan A S. Adsorption of Acid Blue 193 from
aqueous solutions onto DEDMA-sepiolite,J. Hazard. Mater, 2006, 129:
244-252.
[5] Ravikumar K, Deebika K, Balu K. Decolourization of aqueous dye
solutions by a novel adsorbent: application of statistical designs and
surface plots for the optimization and regression analysis, J. Hazard.
Mater, 2005, 122: 75-83
[6] Ravikumar K, Pakshirajan K, Swaminathan T, Balu K. Optimization of
batch process parameters using response surface methodology for dye
removal by a novel adsorbent. Chem. Eng. J, 2005, 105: 131-138
[7] Gupta V K, Ali I, Suhas, Mohan D. Equilibrium uptake and sorption
dynamics for the removal of a basic dye (basic red) using low-lost
adsorbents. J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 2003, 265: 257-264
[8] Gupta V K, Mittal A, Krishnan L, Gajbe V. Adsorption kinetics and
column operations for the removal and recovery of malachite green from
wastewater using bottom ash. Sep. Purif. Technol, 2004, 40: 87-96
[9] Mittal A, Kurup Krishnan L, Gupta V K. Use of waste materials-bottom
ash and de-oiled soya, as potential adsorbents for the removal of amaranth
from aqueous solutions. J. Hazard. Mater, 2005, 117: 171-178
[10] Mittal A. Use of hen feathers as potential adsorbent for the removal of a
hazardous dye, Brilliant Blue FCF, from wastewater. J. Hazard. Mater,
2006, 128: 233-239
[11] Bhattacharyya KG, Sharma A. Azadirachta inica leaf powder as an
effective biosorbent for dyes: a case study with aqueous CongoRed
solutions. J. Environ. Manage, 2004, 71: 217-229
[12] Özcan A S, Öncü E M, Özcan A. Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic
studies of adsorption of Acid Blue 193 from aqueous solutions onto
BTMA-bentonite, Colloid Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 2005,
266: 73-81
[13] Özcan A, Öncü E M, Özcan A S. Adsorption of Acid Blue 193 from
aqueous solutions onto Na-bentonite and DTMA-bentonite, J. Colloid
Interf. Sci., 2004, 280: 44-54
[14] K─▒l─▒n├º A S, ├ûzge, Alpat, ┼×enol A, H├╝samettin A. The adsorption kinetics
and removal of cationic dye, Toluidine Blue O, from aqueous solution
with Turkish zeolite. J. Hazard. Mater, 2008, 151(1): 213-220
[15] Armagan B, Turan M, Celik M S. Equilibrium studies on the adsorption of
reactive azodyes into zeolite. Desalination, 2004, 170: 33-39
[16] Benkli Y E, Can M F, Turan M, Celik M S. Modification of organozeolite
surface for the removal of reactive azodyes in fixed-bed reactors. Water
Res, 2005, 39: 487-493
[17] Wang S, Li H, Xu L. Application of zaolite MCM-22 for basic dye
removal from wastewater, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 2006, 295: 71-78
[18] Wang C C, Juang L C, Hsu T C, Lee C K, Lee J F, Huang F C. adsorption
of basic dyes onto motmorillonite. J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 2004, 273: 80-86
[19] Selvam P P, Preethi S, Basakaralingam P, Thinakaran N, Sivasamy A,
Sivanesan S. Removal of rhodamine B from aqueous solution by
adsorption onto sodium montmorillonite. J Hazard Mater, 2008, 155(1-2):
39-44
[20] Wang L, Zhang J p, Wang A q. Removal of methylene blue from aqueous
solution using chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid) /montmorillonite
superadsorbent nanocomposite. Colloids Surf. A: Phys. Eng. Asp., 2008,
322(1-3): 47-53
[21] Turabik M. Adsorption of basic dyes from single and binary component
systems onto bentonite: Simultaneous analysis of Basic Red 46 and Basic
Yellow 28 by first order derivative spectrophotometric analysis method. J
Hazard Mater, 2008, 158(1): 52-64
[22] Eren E, Afsin B. Investigation of a basic dye adsorption from aqueous
solution onto raw and pre-treated bentonite surfaces. Dyes & Pigments,
2008, 76(1) 220-225
[23] Özcan A, Çiğdem, Erdoğan Y, Özcan, A S. Modification of bentonite
with a cationic surfactant: An adsorption study of textile dye Reactive
Blue 19. J Hazard Mater, 2007, 140(1/2): 173-179
[24] Banat S F. Al-Asheh S. Al-Anbar S, Al-Refaie S. Microwave- and
acid-treated bentonite as adsorbents of methylene blue from a simulated
dye wastewater. Bull Eng Geol Env., 2007, 66: 53-58
[25] Ghiaci M, Kalbasi R J, Abbaspour A. Adsorption isotherms of non-ionic
surfactants on Na-bentonite (Iran) and evaluation of thermodynamic
parameters. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 2007,
297: 105-113
[26] Shen. Y.H., Removal of phenol from water by adsorption-flocculation
using organobentonite. Water Research, 2002,36:1107-1114
[27] Froehner. S, Martins. R.F, Furukawa. W, Errera. M.R, Water
Remediation by Adsorption of Phenol onto Hydrophobic Modified Clay.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2009,199(1-4):107-113
[28] Khenifi. A, Bouberka. Z, Sekrane. F, Kameche. M, Derriche. Z,
Adsorption study of an industrial dye by an organic clay. Adsorption,
2007,13(2):149-158
[29] Zhu. L.Z, Ruan. X.X, Chen. B.L, Zhu. R. L,Efficient removal and
mechanisms of water soluble aromatic contaminants by a reduced-charge
bentonite modified with benzyltrimethylammonium cation.
Chemosphere, 2008, 70:1987-1994
[30] Tabak. A, Afsin. B, Aygun. S. F, Koksal. E, Structural characteristics
of organo-modified bentonites of different origin. Journal of Thermal
Analysis and Calorimetry, 2007,87(2): 375-381
[31] Kacha. S., Derriche. Z., Elmaleh. S.,.Equilibrium and Kinetics of
Color Removal from Dye Solutions with Bentonite and Polyaluminum
Hydroxide. Water Environment Research, 2003,75 (1): 15-20
[32] Redding. A.Z., Burns. S.E., Upson. R. T., Anderson. E. F.,
Organoclay sorption of benzene as a function of total organic carbon
content. Journal of colloid and interface science, 2002,250:261-264
[33] Upson. R. T., Burns. S.E., sorption of nitroaromatic compounds to
synthesized organoclay. Journal of colloid and interface science,
2006,297:70-76
[34] Seki.Y., Yurdakoç. K.,Adsorption of Promethazine hydrochloride with
KSF Montmorillonite. Adsorption, 2006,12(1):89-100
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:59131", author = "Ren Jian-min and Wu Si-wei and Jin Wei", title = "Adsorption of Crystal Violet onto BTEA- and CTMA-bentonite from Aqueous Solutions", abstract = "CTMA-bentonite and BTEA-Bentonite prepared by Na-bentonite cation exchanged with cetyltrimethylammonium(CTMA) and benzyltriethylammonium (BTEA). Products were characterized by XRD and IR techniques.The d001 spacing value of CTMA-bentonite and BTEA-bentonite are 7.54Å and 3.50Å larger than that of Na-bentonite at 100% cation exchange capacity, respectively. The IR spectrum showed that the intensities of OH stretching and bending vibrations of the two organoclays decreased greatly comparing to untreated Na-bentonite. Batch experiments were carried out at 303 K, 318 K and 333 K to obtain the sorption isotherms of Crystal violet onto the two organoclays. The results show that the sorption isothermal data could be well described by Freundlich model. The dynamical data for the two organoclays fit well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of CTMA-bentonite was found higher than that of BTEA-Bentonite. Thermodynamic parameters such as changes in the free energy (ΔG°), the enthalpy (ΔH°) and the entropy (ΔS°) were also evaluated. The overall adsorption process of Crystal violet onto the two organoclays were spontaneous, endothermic physisorption. The CTMA-bentonite and BTEA-Bentonite could be employed as low-cost alternatives to activated carbon in wastewater treatment for the removal of color which comes from textile dyes.
", keywords = "Characterization, Adsorption, Crystal violet,Bentonite, BTEA,CTMA", volume = "4", number = "5", pages = "329-6", }
