Adhesion Problematic for Novel Non-Crimp Fabric and Surface Modification of Carbon-Fibres Using Oxy-Fluorination

In the scope of application of technical textiles, Non-
Crimp Fabrics are increasingly used. In general, NCF exhibit
excellent load bearing properties, but caused by the manufacturing
process, there are some remaining disadvantages which have to be
reduced. Regarding to this, a novel technique of processing NCF was
developed substituting the binding-thread by an adhesive. This stitchfree
method requires new manufacturing concept as well as new basic
methods to prove adhesion of glue at fibres and textiles. To improve
adhesion properties and the wettability of carbon-fibres by the
adhesive, oxy-fluorination was used. The modification of carbonfibres
by oxy-fluorination was investigated via scanning electron
microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and single fibre
tensiometry. Special tensile tests were developed to determine the
maximum force required for detachment.





References:
[1] A. P. Mouritz, K. H. Leong, and I. Herszberg, “A review of the effect of
stitching on the in-plane mechanical properties of fibre-reinforced
polymer composites,” Composites Part A, vol. 28A, pp. 979–991, 1997.
[2] L. E. Asp, J. Varna, and E. Marklund, “Non-crimp fabric composites,
Manufacturing, Properties and Applications,” S. V. Lomov, Ed.
Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2011.
[3] B. Thoma, K. Weidenmann, and F. Henning, “Chemical Stitching
Process for Rapid Preform-Manufacturing,” Zeitschrift
Kunststofftechnik/ Journal of Plastics Technology, vol. 8, pp. 491–514,
2012.
[4] J. K. Kim, H. S. Kim, and D. G. Lee, “Adhesion characteristics of
carbon/epoxy composites treated with low- and high atmospheric
pressure plasmas,” VSP, vol. 17(13), pp. 1751–1771, 2003.
[5] G. M. Wu, J. M. Schultz, D. J. Hodge, and F. N. Cogswell, “Effects of
treatment on the surface composition and energy of carbon fibers,”
Polymer Composites, vol. 16(4), pp. 284–287, 1995.
[6] G. Zhang, S. Sun, D. Yang, J.-P. Doelet, and E. Sacher, “The surface
analytical characterization of carbon fibers functionalized by
H2SO4/HNO3 treatment,” Carbon, vol. 46, pp. 196–205, 2008.
[7] S.-J. Park, M.-K. Seo, and K.-Y. Rhee, “Studies on mechnical interfacial
properties of oxy-fluorinated carbon fibres-reinforced composites,”
Materials Science & Engineering, A: Structural Materials: Properties,
Microstructure and Processing, vol. 356, pp. 219–226, 2003.
[8] S.-J. Park and M.-H. Kim, “Effect of acidic anode treatment on carbon
fibers for increasing fiber-matrix adhesion and its relationship to
interlaminar shear,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 35, pp. 1901–
1905, 2000.
[9] I. Käppler, R.-D. Hund, and C. Cherif, “Surface modification of carbon
fibres using plasma and wet chemical techniques,” in Proceedings of 4th
International Conference on Intelligent Textiles and Mass Customisation
(ITMC), 2013.
[10] B. Lindsay, M.-L. Abel, and J. F. Watts, “A study of electrochemically
treated PAN based carbon fibres by IGC and XPS,” Carbon, vol. 45, pp.
2433–2444, 2007.
[11] F. Hoecker and J. Karger-Kocisis, “Surface Energetics of Carbon Fibers
and Its Effects on the Mechanical Performance of CF/EP Composites,”
Journal of Applied Polynmer Science, vol. 59(1), pp. 139–153, 1998.
[12] G. Krekel, K. J. Huettinger, W. P. Hoffmann, and D. S. Silver, “The
relevance of the surface structure and surface chemistry of carbon fibres
in their adhesion to high-temperature thermoplastics,” Journal of
Materials Science, vol. 29, pp. 2968–2980, 1994.
[13] gerd Habenicht, Ed., Kleben: Grundlagen, Technologien, Anwendungen.
VDI, Springer-Verlag, 2005.