A Study on Leaching Behavior of Na, Ca and K Using Column Leach Test
Column leach test has been performed to examine the
behavior of leaching of sodium, calcium and potassium in landfills.
In the column leach apparatus, two different layers of contaminated
and uncontaminated soils of different height ratios (ratio of depth of
contaminated soil to the depth of uncontaminated soil) are taken.
Water is poured from an overhead tank at a particular flowrate to the
inlet of the soil column for a certain ponding depth over the
contaminated soil. Subsequent infiltration causes leaching and the
leachates are collected from the bottom of the column. The
concentrations of Na, Ca and K in the leachate are measured using
flame photometry. The experiments are further extended by changing
the rates of flow from the overhead tank to the inlet of the column in
achieving the same ponding depth. The experiments are performed
for different scenarios in which the height ratios are altered and the
variations of concentrations of Na, Ca, and K are observed. The study
brings an estimation of leaching in landfill sites for different heights
and precipitation intensity where a ponding depth is maintained over
the landfill. It has been observed that the leaching behavior of Na,
Ca, and K are not similar. Calcium exhibits highest amount of
leaching compared to Sodium and Potassium under similar
experimental conditions.
[1] Vismanthan C, Yin N H, Karthikeyan O.P.). "Co-disposal of electronic
waste with municipal solid waste in bioreactor landfills", Waste
Management vol.30, 2004 pp. 2608-2614.
[2] Munoz J F, Rengifo P and Vauclin M "Acid leaching of copper in a
saturated porous material: Parameter identification and experimental
validation of a two dimensional transport model "Journal of
contaminant hydrology vol.28, pp. 1853-1867,1997.
[3] Morillo E, Martinez J.I.P and Gines J.M "Leaching of 2,4 D from a soil
in presence of β-cyclodextrin: laboratory column experiments".
Chemosphere 44, pp. 1065-1069, 2001.
[4] Meza S L, Kalbe U, Berger W,Simon F G "Effect of contact time on
release of contaminants from granular waste materials during column
leaching experiments". Waste Management 30,565-571, 2010.
[5] Yokozeki.K, Watanabe K, Sakata N and Otsuki N "Modeling of
leaching from cementations materials used in underground environment
"Applied Clay science vol.26, 293-308,2004.
[6] Cornejo L, Celis R, Dominguez C, Hermosin M.C. and Cornejo J. "Use
of modified montmorillonites to reduce herbicide leaching in sports turf
surfaces: Laboratory and field experiments" Applied Clay Science 42,
284-291, 2007.
[7] Hyks J and Astrup T "Influence of operational conditions, waste input
and ageing on contaminant leaching from waste incinerator bottom ash:
A full-scale study". Chemosphere 76, 1178-1184, 2009.
[8] Enell A, Reichenberg F, Warfvinge P and Ewald G. "A column method
for determination of leaching of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from
aged contaminated soil". Chemosphere 54, pp707-715, 2003.
[9] Kaschl A, Romheld V, Chen Y "The influence of soluble organic
matter from municipal solid waste compost on trace metal leaching in
calcareous soils" The Science of the Total Environment vol.291 ,pp.
45-57.
[10] Dubey B, Townshend T, Gabriele H.S. "Metal loss from treated wood
products in contact with municipal solid wasteland fills leachate".
Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, Vol. 23, Issue 4, August 329-
345,2010.
[11] Sheikhzadeh G.A, Mehrabian M.A, Mansouri S.H and Sarraf A.
"Computational modeling of unsaturated flow in liquid in heap
leaching- using the results of column tests to calibrate the model".
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 , 279-292,2004.
[12] Karnchanawong S, Limpiteeprakan P "Evaluation of heavy metal
leaching from spent household batteries disposed in municipal solid
waste" Waste Management ,550-558,2009.
[13] Li Z, Shuman L M. "Mobility of Zn,Cd and Pb in soils as effected by
poultry litter extract-I Leaching in soil columns" Environmental
pollution Vol 95,No2 pp 219-226,1996.
[14] Basta N T, McGowan S L "Evaluation of chemical immobilization
treatment for reducing heavy metal transport in a smelter contaminated
soil "Environmental Pollution vol 127,pp. 73-82,2003.
[1] Vismanthan C, Yin N H, Karthikeyan O.P.). "Co-disposal of electronic
waste with municipal solid waste in bioreactor landfills", Waste
Management vol.30, 2004 pp. 2608-2614.
[2] Munoz J F, Rengifo P and Vauclin M "Acid leaching of copper in a
saturated porous material: Parameter identification and experimental
validation of a two dimensional transport model "Journal of
contaminant hydrology vol.28, pp. 1853-1867,1997.
[3] Morillo E, Martinez J.I.P and Gines J.M "Leaching of 2,4 D from a soil
in presence of β-cyclodextrin: laboratory column experiments".
Chemosphere 44, pp. 1065-1069, 2001.
[4] Meza S L, Kalbe U, Berger W,Simon F G "Effect of contact time on
release of contaminants from granular waste materials during column
leaching experiments". Waste Management 30,565-571, 2010.
[5] Yokozeki.K, Watanabe K, Sakata N and Otsuki N "Modeling of
leaching from cementations materials used in underground environment
"Applied Clay science vol.26, 293-308,2004.
[6] Cornejo L, Celis R, Dominguez C, Hermosin M.C. and Cornejo J. "Use
of modified montmorillonites to reduce herbicide leaching in sports turf
surfaces: Laboratory and field experiments" Applied Clay Science 42,
284-291, 2007.
[7] Hyks J and Astrup T "Influence of operational conditions, waste input
and ageing on contaminant leaching from waste incinerator bottom ash:
A full-scale study". Chemosphere 76, 1178-1184, 2009.
[8] Enell A, Reichenberg F, Warfvinge P and Ewald G. "A column method
for determination of leaching of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from
aged contaminated soil". Chemosphere 54, pp707-715, 2003.
[9] Kaschl A, Romheld V, Chen Y "The influence of soluble organic
matter from municipal solid waste compost on trace metal leaching in
calcareous soils" The Science of the Total Environment vol.291 ,pp.
45-57.
[10] Dubey B, Townshend T, Gabriele H.S. "Metal loss from treated wood
products in contact with municipal solid wasteland fills leachate".
Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, Vol. 23, Issue 4, August 329-
345,2010.
[11] Sheikhzadeh G.A, Mehrabian M.A, Mansouri S.H and Sarraf A.
"Computational modeling of unsaturated flow in liquid in heap
leaching- using the results of column tests to calibrate the model".
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 , 279-292,2004.
[12] Karnchanawong S, Limpiteeprakan P "Evaluation of heavy metal
leaching from spent household batteries disposed in municipal solid
waste" Waste Management ,550-558,2009.
[13] Li Z, Shuman L M. "Mobility of Zn,Cd and Pb in soils as effected by
poultry litter extract-I Leaching in soil columns" Environmental
pollution Vol 95,No2 pp 219-226,1996.
[14] Basta N T, McGowan S L "Evaluation of chemical immobilization
treatment for reducing heavy metal transport in a smelter contaminated
soil "Environmental Pollution vol 127,pp. 73-82,2003.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:54536", author = "Barman P.J and Kartha S A and Gupta S and Pradhan B.", title = "A Study on Leaching Behavior of Na, Ca and K Using Column Leach Test", abstract = "Column leach test has been performed to examine the
behavior of leaching of sodium, calcium and potassium in landfills.
In the column leach apparatus, two different layers of contaminated
and uncontaminated soils of different height ratios (ratio of depth of
contaminated soil to the depth of uncontaminated soil) are taken.
Water is poured from an overhead tank at a particular flowrate to the
inlet of the soil column for a certain ponding depth over the
contaminated soil. Subsequent infiltration causes leaching and the
leachates are collected from the bottom of the column. The
concentrations of Na, Ca and K in the leachate are measured using
flame photometry. The experiments are further extended by changing
the rates of flow from the overhead tank to the inlet of the column in
achieving the same ponding depth. The experiments are performed
for different scenarios in which the height ratios are altered and the
variations of concentrations of Na, Ca, and K are observed. The study
brings an estimation of leaching in landfill sites for different heights
and precipitation intensity where a ponding depth is maintained over
the landfill. It has been observed that the leaching behavior of Na,
Ca, and K are not similar. Calcium exhibits highest amount of
leaching compared to Sodium and Potassium under similar
experimental conditions.", keywords = "Column leaching, flow rate, uncontaminated soil,
contaminated soil, concentration, height ratio.", volume = "6", number = "10", pages = "665-5", }