A Study of the Hand-Hold Impact on the EM Interaction of a Cellular Handset and a Human
This paper investigates the impact of the hand-hold
positions on both antenna performance and the specific absorption
rate (SAR) induced in the user-s head. A cellular handset with
external antenna operating at GSM-900 frequency is modeled and
simulated using a finite difference time-domain (FDTD)-based
platform SEMCAD-X. A specific anthropomorphic mannequin
(SAM) is adopted to simulate the user-s head, whereas a semirealistic
CAD-model of three-tissues is designed to simulate the
user-s hand. The results show that in case of the handset in hand close
to head at different positions; the antenna total efficiency gets
reduced to (14.5% - 5.9%) at cheek-position and to (27.5% to 11.8%)
at tilt-position. The peak averaged SAR1g values in head close to
handset without hand, are 4.67 W/Kg and 2.66 W/Kg at cheek and
tilt-position, respectively. Due to the presence of hand, the SAR1g in
head gets reduced to (3.67-3.31 W/Kg) at cheek-position and to
(1.84-1.64 W/Kg) at tilt-position, depending on the hand-hold
position.
[1] Recommended Practice for Determining the Peak Spatial-Average
Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Human Head from Wireless
Communications Devices - Measurement Techniques, IEEE Standard
1528, 2003.
[2] Product Standard to Demonstrate the Compliance of Mobile Phones
with the Basic Restrictions Related to Human Exposure to
Electromagnetic Fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz), EN 50360, 2001.
[3] Basic Standard for the Measurement of Specific Absorption Rate Related
to Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Mobile Phones (300 MHz -
3 GHz), EN 50361, 2001.
[4] Procedure to Measure the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the
Frequency Range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz - Part 1: Hand-held Mobile
Wireless Communication Devices, IEC 62209.
[5] Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Estimation for Cellular Phone, ARIB
Standard-T56, 2002.
[6] Evaluating Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to
Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, supplement C to OET Bulletin
65 (Edition 9701) FCC, 1997.
[7] Electromagnetic Radiation - Human Exposure, ACA Radio
communications Standard, Schedules 1 and 2, 2003.
[8] S. I. Al-Mously and M. M. Abousetta, "Study of both antenna and PCB
positions effect on the coupling between the cellular hand-set and human
head at GSM-900 standard," iWAT IEEE-2008, International Workshop
on Antenna Technology 2008, Chiba, Japan, March 4-6, 2008, to be
published.
[9] J. Graffin, N. Rots and G. F. Pedersen, "Radiations phantom for
handheld phones," Vehicular Technology Conference, 2000, IEEE VTSFall
VTC 2000, 52nd, Volume 2, pp. 853 - 866, 24-28Sept. 2000
[10] N. Chavannes, P. Futter, R. Tay, K. Pokovic and N. Kuster, "Reliable
prediction of MTE performance under real usage conditions using
FDTD," in Proc. of Applied Electromagnetics and Communications
18th Int. Conf., 2005
[11] Chin-Ming Su, Chin-Hsien Wu, Kin-Lu wong, Shin-Huang Yeh and
Chia-Lun Tang, "User-s hand effects on EMC internal GSM/DCS
mobile phone antenna," Antennas and Propagation Society International
Symposium 2006, IEEE, 9-14 July 2006.
[12] SEMCAD-X Reference Manual, SEMCAD Simulation Platform for
Electromagnetic Compatibility, Antenna Design and Dosimetry,"
SPEAG - Schmid&Partner Engineering AG. (http://www.semcad.com)
[13] K. Ogawa and T. Uwano, "A diversity Antenna for very small 800-MHz
band portable telephones," IEEE Trans. Antenna and Propagation, vol.
42, No. 9, September 1994.
[14] B. B. Beard, W. Kainz, T. Onishi, T. Iyama, S. Watanabe, O. Fujiwara,
J. Wang, G. Bit-Babik, A. Faraone, J. Wiart, A. Christ, N. Kuster, A.
Lee, H. Kroeze, M. Siegbahn, J. Keshvari, H. Abrishamkar, W. Simon,
D. Manteuffel, and N. Nikoloski, "Comparisons of computed mobile
phone induced SAR in the SAM phantom to that in anatomically correct
models of the human head," IEEE Trans. Electromagnetic
Compatibility, vol. 48, No. 2, MAY 2006.
[15] Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency
Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz, Amendment 2: Specific
Absorption Rate (SAR) Limits for the Pinna, IEEE Standard C95.1b-
2004, Dec. 2004.
[16] H. Arai, Measurement of Mobile Antenna Systems, Artech House Inc,
2001.
[17] Recommended Practice for Determining the Peak Spatial-Average
Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Associated with the Use of Wireless
Handsets - Computational Techniques, IEEE draft Standard-1529.
[18] L. Kuo, Y. Kan and H. Chuang, "Analysis of A 900/1800-MHz dualband
gap loop antenna on a handset with proximate head and hand
model," Journal of Electromagnetics Waves and Applications, vol. 21,
No. 1, pp. 107-122, 2007.
[1] Recommended Practice for Determining the Peak Spatial-Average
Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Human Head from Wireless
Communications Devices - Measurement Techniques, IEEE Standard
1528, 2003.
[2] Product Standard to Demonstrate the Compliance of Mobile Phones
with the Basic Restrictions Related to Human Exposure to
Electromagnetic Fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz), EN 50360, 2001.
[3] Basic Standard for the Measurement of Specific Absorption Rate Related
to Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Mobile Phones (300 MHz -
3 GHz), EN 50361, 2001.
[4] Procedure to Measure the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the
Frequency Range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz - Part 1: Hand-held Mobile
Wireless Communication Devices, IEC 62209.
[5] Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Estimation for Cellular Phone, ARIB
Standard-T56, 2002.
[6] Evaluating Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to
Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, supplement C to OET Bulletin
65 (Edition 9701) FCC, 1997.
[7] Electromagnetic Radiation - Human Exposure, ACA Radio
communications Standard, Schedules 1 and 2, 2003.
[8] S. I. Al-Mously and M. M. Abousetta, "Study of both antenna and PCB
positions effect on the coupling between the cellular hand-set and human
head at GSM-900 standard," iWAT IEEE-2008, International Workshop
on Antenna Technology 2008, Chiba, Japan, March 4-6, 2008, to be
published.
[9] J. Graffin, N. Rots and G. F. Pedersen, "Radiations phantom for
handheld phones," Vehicular Technology Conference, 2000, IEEE VTSFall
VTC 2000, 52nd, Volume 2, pp. 853 - 866, 24-28Sept. 2000
[10] N. Chavannes, P. Futter, R. Tay, K. Pokovic and N. Kuster, "Reliable
prediction of MTE performance under real usage conditions using
FDTD," in Proc. of Applied Electromagnetics and Communications
18th Int. Conf., 2005
[11] Chin-Ming Su, Chin-Hsien Wu, Kin-Lu wong, Shin-Huang Yeh and
Chia-Lun Tang, "User-s hand effects on EMC internal GSM/DCS
mobile phone antenna," Antennas and Propagation Society International
Symposium 2006, IEEE, 9-14 July 2006.
[12] SEMCAD-X Reference Manual, SEMCAD Simulation Platform for
Electromagnetic Compatibility, Antenna Design and Dosimetry,"
SPEAG - Schmid&Partner Engineering AG. (http://www.semcad.com)
[13] K. Ogawa and T. Uwano, "A diversity Antenna for very small 800-MHz
band portable telephones," IEEE Trans. Antenna and Propagation, vol.
42, No. 9, September 1994.
[14] B. B. Beard, W. Kainz, T. Onishi, T. Iyama, S. Watanabe, O. Fujiwara,
J. Wang, G. Bit-Babik, A. Faraone, J. Wiart, A. Christ, N. Kuster, A.
Lee, H. Kroeze, M. Siegbahn, J. Keshvari, H. Abrishamkar, W. Simon,
D. Manteuffel, and N. Nikoloski, "Comparisons of computed mobile
phone induced SAR in the SAM phantom to that in anatomically correct
models of the human head," IEEE Trans. Electromagnetic
Compatibility, vol. 48, No. 2, MAY 2006.
[15] Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency
Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz, Amendment 2: Specific
Absorption Rate (SAR) Limits for the Pinna, IEEE Standard C95.1b-
2004, Dec. 2004.
[16] H. Arai, Measurement of Mobile Antenna Systems, Artech House Inc,
2001.
[17] Recommended Practice for Determining the Peak Spatial-Average
Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Associated with the Use of Wireless
Handsets - Computational Techniques, IEEE draft Standard-1529.
[18] L. Kuo, Y. Kan and H. Chuang, "Analysis of A 900/1800-MHz dualband
gap loop antenna on a handset with proximate head and hand
model," Journal of Electromagnetics Waves and Applications, vol. 21,
No. 1, pp. 107-122, 2007.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:64520", author = "Salah I. Al-Mously and Marai M. Abousetta", title = "A Study of the Hand-Hold Impact on the EM Interaction of a Cellular Handset and a Human", abstract = "This paper investigates the impact of the hand-hold
positions on both antenna performance and the specific absorption
rate (SAR) induced in the user-s head. A cellular handset with
external antenna operating at GSM-900 frequency is modeled and
simulated using a finite difference time-domain (FDTD)-based
platform SEMCAD-X. A specific anthropomorphic mannequin
(SAM) is adopted to simulate the user-s head, whereas a semirealistic
CAD-model of three-tissues is designed to simulate the
user-s hand. The results show that in case of the handset in hand close
to head at different positions; the antenna total efficiency gets
reduced to (14.5% - 5.9%) at cheek-position and to (27.5% to 11.8%)
at tilt-position. The peak averaged SAR1g values in head close to
handset without hand, are 4.67 W/Kg and 2.66 W/Kg at cheek and
tilt-position, respectively. Due to the presence of hand, the SAR1g in
head gets reduced to (3.67-3.31 W/Kg) at cheek-position and to
(1.84-1.64 W/Kg) at tilt-position, depending on the hand-hold
position.", keywords = "FDTD, phantom, specific absorption rate (SAR),cellular handset exposure.", volume = "2", number = "2", pages = "334-5", }
