Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, capable to
interact with each other. While the number of mitochondria in a cell
varies, their quality and functionality depends on the operation of
fusion, fission, motility and mitophagy. Nowadays, several
researches declare as an important factor in neurogenerative diseases
the disruptions in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. In this
paper a stochastic model in BioAmbients calculus is presented,
concerning mitochondrial fusion and its distribution in the renewal of
mitochondrial population in a cell. This model describes the
successive and dependent stages of protein synthesis, protein-s
activation and merging of two independent mitochondria.
[1] D.C. Chan, "Mitochondrial fusion and fission in mammals," Ann. Rev.
Cell Dev. Biol.,vol. 22, pp. 79-99, 2006.
[2] G. Twig et al., "Fission and selective fusion govern mitochondrial
segregation and elimination by autophagy," EMBO J., vol. 27, pp. 433-
446, 2008.
[3] D.F. Suen, K.L. Norris and R.J. Youle, "Mitochondrial dynamics and
apoptosis," Genes Dev., vol.22, pp. 1577-1590, 2008.
[4] H. Chen and D.C. Chan, "Mitochondrial dynamics-fusion, fission,
movement, and mitophagy-in neurodegenerative diseases," Human
Molecular Genetics, vol. 18, pp. 169-176, 2009.
[5] T. Kanki and D.J. Klionsky, "Mitophagy in yeast occurs through a
selective mechanism," J. Biol. Chem., vol. 283, pp. 32386-32393, 2008.
[6] P. Verstreken et al., "Synaptic mitochondria are critical for mobilization
of reserve pool vesicles at Drosophila neuromuscular junctions,"
Neuron, vol. 47, pp. 365-378, 2005.
[7] Z. Li, K. Okamoto, Y. Hayashi and M. Sheng, "The importance of
dendritic mitochondria in the morphogenesis and plasticity of spines and
synapses," Cell, vol. 119, pp. 873-887, 2004.
[8] K. Hirai et al., "Mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer-s disease"
The Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 21, pp. 3017-3023, 2001.
[9] R.H. Swerdlow and S.M. Khan, "A "mitochondrial cascade hypothesis"
for sporadic Alzheimer's disease," Med Hypotheses, vol. 63, pp. 8-20,
2004
[10] R.H. Swerdlow and S.M. Khan, "The Alzheimer's disease mitochondrial
cascade hypothesis: an update," Exp Neurol., vol. 218, pp. 308-315,
2009.
[11] X. Wang et al., "Amyloid-beta overproduction causes abnormal
mitochondrial dynamics via differential modulation of mitochondrial
fission/fusion proteins," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., vol. 105, pp. 19318-
19323, 2008.
[12] I.G. Onyango et al., "Regulation of neuron mitochondrial biogenesis and
relevance to brain health", Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, vol. 1802,
pp.228-234, 2010.
[13] A. Alexiou, P. Vlamos and K. Volikas, "A Theoretical Artificial
Approach on Reducing Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Alzheimer-s
Disease," in 10th IEEE Int. Conf. 2010 on Information Technology and
Applications in Biomedicine.
[14] S.A. Detmer and D.C. Chan, "Functions and dysfunctions of
mitochondrial dynamics," Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., vol. 8, pp. 870-879,
2007.
[15] S. Meeusen et al., "Mitochondrial inner-membrane fusion and crista
maintenance requires the dynamin-related GTPase Mgm1," Cell, vol.
127, pp. 383-395, 2006
[16] Z. Song, M, Ghochani, J.M. McCaffery, T.G. Frey and D.C. Chan,
"Mitofusins and OPA1 Mediate Sequential Steps in Mitochondrial
Membrane Fusion," Mol. Biol. Cell., vol. 20, pp. 3525-3532, 2009.
[17] S. Gandre-Babbe and A.M. van der Bliek, "The novel tail-anchored
membrane protein Mff controls mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission in
mammalian cells," Mol. Biol. Cell, vol. 19, pp. 2402-2412, 2008.
[18] K. Okamoto and J.M. Shaw, "Mitochondrial morphology and dynamics
in yeast and multicellular eukaryotes," Annu. Rev. Genet., vol. 39, pp.
503-536, 2005.
[19] A. Regev, E.M. Panina, W. Silverman, L. Cardelli and E.Y. Shapiro,
"Bioambients: an abstraction for biological compartments," Theor.
Comput. Sci., vol. 325, pp. 141-167, 2004.
[1] D.C. Chan, "Mitochondrial fusion and fission in mammals," Ann. Rev.
Cell Dev. Biol.,vol. 22, pp. 79-99, 2006.
[2] G. Twig et al., "Fission and selective fusion govern mitochondrial
segregation and elimination by autophagy," EMBO J., vol. 27, pp. 433-
446, 2008.
[3] D.F. Suen, K.L. Norris and R.J. Youle, "Mitochondrial dynamics and
apoptosis," Genes Dev., vol.22, pp. 1577-1590, 2008.
[4] H. Chen and D.C. Chan, "Mitochondrial dynamics-fusion, fission,
movement, and mitophagy-in neurodegenerative diseases," Human
Molecular Genetics, vol. 18, pp. 169-176, 2009.
[5] T. Kanki and D.J. Klionsky, "Mitophagy in yeast occurs through a
selective mechanism," J. Biol. Chem., vol. 283, pp. 32386-32393, 2008.
[6] P. Verstreken et al., "Synaptic mitochondria are critical for mobilization
of reserve pool vesicles at Drosophila neuromuscular junctions,"
Neuron, vol. 47, pp. 365-378, 2005.
[7] Z. Li, K. Okamoto, Y. Hayashi and M. Sheng, "The importance of
dendritic mitochondria in the morphogenesis and plasticity of spines and
synapses," Cell, vol. 119, pp. 873-887, 2004.
[8] K. Hirai et al., "Mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer-s disease"
The Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 21, pp. 3017-3023, 2001.
[9] R.H. Swerdlow and S.M. Khan, "A "mitochondrial cascade hypothesis"
for sporadic Alzheimer's disease," Med Hypotheses, vol. 63, pp. 8-20,
2004
[10] R.H. Swerdlow and S.M. Khan, "The Alzheimer's disease mitochondrial
cascade hypothesis: an update," Exp Neurol., vol. 218, pp. 308-315,
2009.
[11] X. Wang et al., "Amyloid-beta overproduction causes abnormal
mitochondrial dynamics via differential modulation of mitochondrial
fission/fusion proteins," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., vol. 105, pp. 19318-
19323, 2008.
[12] I.G. Onyango et al., "Regulation of neuron mitochondrial biogenesis and
relevance to brain health", Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, vol. 1802,
pp.228-234, 2010.
[13] A. Alexiou, P. Vlamos and K. Volikas, "A Theoretical Artificial
Approach on Reducing Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Alzheimer-s
Disease," in 10th IEEE Int. Conf. 2010 on Information Technology and
Applications in Biomedicine.
[14] S.A. Detmer and D.C. Chan, "Functions and dysfunctions of
mitochondrial dynamics," Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., vol. 8, pp. 870-879,
2007.
[15] S. Meeusen et al., "Mitochondrial inner-membrane fusion and crista
maintenance requires the dynamin-related GTPase Mgm1," Cell, vol.
127, pp. 383-395, 2006
[16] Z. Song, M, Ghochani, J.M. McCaffery, T.G. Frey and D.C. Chan,
"Mitofusins and OPA1 Mediate Sequential Steps in Mitochondrial
Membrane Fusion," Mol. Biol. Cell., vol. 20, pp. 3525-3532, 2009.
[17] S. Gandre-Babbe and A.M. van der Bliek, "The novel tail-anchored
membrane protein Mff controls mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission in
mammalian cells," Mol. Biol. Cell, vol. 19, pp. 2402-2412, 2008.
[18] K. Okamoto and J.M. Shaw, "Mitochondrial morphology and dynamics
in yeast and multicellular eukaryotes," Annu. Rev. Genet., vol. 39, pp.
503-536, 2005.
[19] A. Regev, E.M. Panina, W. Silverman, L. Cardelli and E.Y. Shapiro,
"Bioambients: an abstraction for biological compartments," Theor.
Comput. Sci., vol. 325, pp. 141-167, 2004.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:63328", author = "Athanasios T. Alexiou and Maria M. Psiha and John A. Rekkas and Panayiotis M. Vlamos", title = "A Stochastic Approach of Mitochondrial Dynamics", abstract = "Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, capable to
interact with each other. While the number of mitochondria in a cell
varies, their quality and functionality depends on the operation of
fusion, fission, motility and mitophagy. Nowadays, several
researches declare as an important factor in neurogenerative diseases
the disruptions in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. In this
paper a stochastic model in BioAmbients calculus is presented,
concerning mitochondrial fusion and its distribution in the renewal of
mitochondrial population in a cell. This model describes the
successive and dependent stages of protein synthesis, protein-s
activation and merging of two independent mitochondria.", keywords = "Mitochondrial Dynamics, P-Calculus, StochasticModeling.", volume = "5", number = "7", pages = "410-4", }
