A Report on Occurrence and Parasite-Host of Ligula intestinalis in Sattarkhan Lake(East Azerbaijan-Iran)
Ligula intestinalis is a three-host life-cycle
Pseudophyllidean Cestode which in its plerocercoid stage infests a
range of fresh water species. The objective of the present study was
the worm occurrence within planctonic copepods, fishes and
piscivorous birds and examine of parasite-hosts samples in the Lake
of Sattarkhan Dam (near the city of Ahar, East Azerbaijan, Iran).
Fish sample were collected with fyke and gill nets and the abdominal
cavity was examined for the presence of ligula. Zooplanktons were
captured using a planktonic net and occurrence of parasitic larval
form in the body cavity was determined. Piscivorous birds were
selected by telescope, they hunted and dissected for presence of
parasite eggs in their gut. Results indicated that prevalence of
infection was 16% for cyclopid copepoda and majority of infected
cyclopid were female Cyclops. Investigation of 310 fishes specimens
were indicated to infection of five species of cyprinid fishes. In
addition, results indicated to manipulation of six species of migratory
aquatic and semi aquatic birds by ligula. Obtained results are in
agreement by previous studies. Its definite in this study that all of
fishes in Sattarkhan Lake capable to infection, its important for
health because they capture by native people and it is documented
that ligula can be introduce as a zoonose. It's seemed that to prevent
from disperses of parasite and restricted of infection, biological
elimination can be effective and it's necessary to inform native
people about sanitation.
[1] G. Allen, Marine life of the Indo-Pasific region. Periplus Edition (HK)
Ltd, 1996.
[2] C, Arme, "Effects of the plerocercoid larva of pseudophyllidean cestode,
ligula intestinalis, on the pituitary gland and gonads of its host,"
Biological Bulletin, vol. 134, pp. 15-25, 1968.
[3] C, Arme, and R. W. Owen, "Occurrence and pathology of Ligula
intestinalis infections in British fishes," J. Parasitol., vol. 54, pp. 272-
80, 1968.
[4] C. Arme, J. f. Bridges, and D. Hoole, "Pathology of cestode infections in
the vertebrate host," In: Biology of the Eucestoda, C. Arme, and P. W.
Pappas, Ed. Academic Press: London, 1983, pp. 499-538.
[5] V. Barus, and M. Prokes, "Parasite load of Ligula intestinalis
plerocercoids in adult silver bream, Blicca bjoerkna," Helminthologia,
vol. 31, pp. 91-94, 1994.
[6] V. Barus, and M. Prokes, "Length and weight of Ligula intestinalis
plerocercoids (cestoda) parasitizing adult cyprinid fishes (cyprinida): a
comparative analysis," Helminthologia, vol. 39, pp. 29-34, 2002.
[7] O. N. Bauer, "The ecology of freshwater fish," Inves. Gosud. Nauch.
Issled. Inst. Ozer. Rech. Ryb. Khoz. Vol. 49, pp. 5-206, 1959. (In
Russian)
[8] O.N. Bauer, and V. P. Stolyarov, "Formation of the parasite fauna and
parasitic diseases of fishes in hydro-electric reservoirs," In: Parasitology
of Fishes, V. A. Dogiel, G. K. Petrushevski, and Y. I. Polyanski, Ed.
Oliver and Boyd: London, 1961, pp. 246-54.
[9] S. P. Brown, G. Loot, B. T. Grenfell, and J. F. Gue'gan, "Host
manipulation by Ligula intestinalis - accident or adaptation?,"
Parasitology, vol. 123, pp. 519-29, 2001.
[10] S. p. Brown, G. Loot, A. Teriokhin, A. Brunel, C. Brunel, and J. F.
Gue'gan, "Host manipulation by Ligula intestinalis: a cause or
consequence of parasite aggregation?," International Journal of
Parasitology, vol. 32, pp. 817-824, 2002.
[11] B. C. Burska, and G. J. Burska, Invertebrates. Sunderland. M. A.
Sinauer Associates, 1991, 1820p.
[12] R. H. Carcasson, A field guide to the coral reef fishes of the Indian and
west Pacific oceans. Collins publishing: London, 1977.
[13] C. C. Davis, The marine and freshwater plankton. Mishig. St. Univ.
Press, 1955, 562p.
[14] M. N. Dubinina, Tapeworms (cestoda, Ligulidae) of the Fauna of the
U.S.S.R. Amerind Publishing Co: New Delhi, 1980.
[15] M. B. Ergonul, and A. Altindag, "The occurrence and dynamics of
Ligula intestinalis in its cyprinid fish host, tench, Tinca tinca, in Mogan
Lake (Ankara, Turkey)," Vet. Med.-Czech, Vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 537-542,
2005a.
[16] M. B. Ergonul, and A. Altindag, "The effects of Ligula intestinalis
plerocercoids on the growth features of Tench, Tinca tinca," Turk. J. Vet.
Anim. Sci., vol. 29, pp. 1337-1341, 2005b.
[17] W. N. Eschmeyer, and E. S. Herald, A field guide to Pacific coast fishes.
Houghton Mifflin: Boston, 1983.
[18] M I. Evans, Important bird's areas in the Middle East. Birdlife
international, 1994.
[19] A. Harris, H. Shirihai, and D. Christie, The Macmillan birders guide to
European and Middle Eastern birds. Macmillan, 1991.
[20] M. T. Harris, and A. Wheeler, "Ligula infection of bleak Alburnus
alburnus (L.) in the tidal Thames," Journal of Fish Biology, vol. 6, pp.
181-188, 1974.
[21] K. Hudec, A guide to birds. Treasuer, 1990.
[22] C R. Kennedy, and R. J. Burrough, "The establishment and subsequent
history of a population of Ligula intestinalis in roach Rutilus rutilus
(L.)," Journal of Fish Biology, vol. 19, pp. 105-126, 1981.
[23] C. R. Kennedy, P. C. Shears, and J. A. Shears, "Long-term dynamics of
Ligula intestinalis and Rutilus rutilus: a study of three epizootic cycles
over 31 years," Parasitology, vol. 123, pp. 257-269, 2001.
[24] G. Loot, S. Brosse, S. Lek, and J. F. Gue'gan, "Behaviour of roach
(Rutilus rutilus L.) altered by Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda:
Pseudophyllidea): a field demonstration," Freshwater Biol., vol. 46, pp.
1-9, 2001a.
[25] G. Loot, S. Lek, S. P. Brown, and J. F. Gue'gan, "Phenotypic
modification of roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) infected with Ligula
intestinalis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea)," J. Parasitol., vol. 87, pp. 1002-
1010, 2001b
[26] S. Maas, Introduction to copepoda, International Training Course.
India, 1994, 218p.
[27] A. J. Mitchell, and G. L. Hoffman, important tapeworms of North
American freshwater fishes. US Dep. Int. Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish
Disease leaflet, 1980, 17p.
[28] G. C. Newell, and R. C. Newell, Marine plankton, Hutchinson: London,
1977, 244p.
[29] A. Oktener, "A checklist of metazoan parasites recorded in freshwater
fish from Turkey," Zootaxa, vol. 394, pp. 1-28, 2003.
[30] S. Prudhoe, and C. G. Hussey, "Some parasitic worms in freshwater
fishes and fish predators from Transvaal, South Africa," Zoolgica
Africana, vol. 12, pp. 113-147, 1977.
[31] R. A. Sweeting, "Studies on Ligula intestinalis effects on a roach
population in gravel pit," J. Fish Biol., vol. 9, pp. 515-22, 1975.
[32] R. A. Sweeting, "Studies on Ligula intestinalis, some aspects of the
pathology in the second intermediate host," J. Fish Biol., vol. 10, pp. 43-
50, 1976.
[33] C. D. Todd, and M. S. Laverack, Coastal marine zooplankton. Camb.
Univ. Press, 1991, 106p.
[34] R. J. Wyatt, and C. R. Kennedy, "Host-constrained epidemiology of the
fish tapeworm Ligula intestinalis (L.)," J. Fish Biol., vol. 35, pp. 215-
27, 1989.
[35] H. Yavuzcan, A. S. Korkmaz, and O. Zencir, "The infection of tench
(Tinca tinca) with Ligula intestinalis plerocercoids in Lake Beysehir
(Turkey)," Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists,
vol. 23, pp. 223-227, 2003.
[1] G. Allen, Marine life of the Indo-Pasific region. Periplus Edition (HK)
Ltd, 1996.
[2] C, Arme, "Effects of the plerocercoid larva of pseudophyllidean cestode,
ligula intestinalis, on the pituitary gland and gonads of its host,"
Biological Bulletin, vol. 134, pp. 15-25, 1968.
[3] C, Arme, and R. W. Owen, "Occurrence and pathology of Ligula
intestinalis infections in British fishes," J. Parasitol., vol. 54, pp. 272-
80, 1968.
[4] C. Arme, J. f. Bridges, and D. Hoole, "Pathology of cestode infections in
the vertebrate host," In: Biology of the Eucestoda, C. Arme, and P. W.
Pappas, Ed. Academic Press: London, 1983, pp. 499-538.
[5] V. Barus, and M. Prokes, "Parasite load of Ligula intestinalis
plerocercoids in adult silver bream, Blicca bjoerkna," Helminthologia,
vol. 31, pp. 91-94, 1994.
[6] V. Barus, and M. Prokes, "Length and weight of Ligula intestinalis
plerocercoids (cestoda) parasitizing adult cyprinid fishes (cyprinida): a
comparative analysis," Helminthologia, vol. 39, pp. 29-34, 2002.
[7] O. N. Bauer, "The ecology of freshwater fish," Inves. Gosud. Nauch.
Issled. Inst. Ozer. Rech. Ryb. Khoz. Vol. 49, pp. 5-206, 1959. (In
Russian)
[8] O.N. Bauer, and V. P. Stolyarov, "Formation of the parasite fauna and
parasitic diseases of fishes in hydro-electric reservoirs," In: Parasitology
of Fishes, V. A. Dogiel, G. K. Petrushevski, and Y. I. Polyanski, Ed.
Oliver and Boyd: London, 1961, pp. 246-54.
[9] S. P. Brown, G. Loot, B. T. Grenfell, and J. F. Gue'gan, "Host
manipulation by Ligula intestinalis - accident or adaptation?,"
Parasitology, vol. 123, pp. 519-29, 2001.
[10] S. p. Brown, G. Loot, A. Teriokhin, A. Brunel, C. Brunel, and J. F.
Gue'gan, "Host manipulation by Ligula intestinalis: a cause or
consequence of parasite aggregation?," International Journal of
Parasitology, vol. 32, pp. 817-824, 2002.
[11] B. C. Burska, and G. J. Burska, Invertebrates. Sunderland. M. A.
Sinauer Associates, 1991, 1820p.
[12] R. H. Carcasson, A field guide to the coral reef fishes of the Indian and
west Pacific oceans. Collins publishing: London, 1977.
[13] C. C. Davis, The marine and freshwater plankton. Mishig. St. Univ.
Press, 1955, 562p.
[14] M. N. Dubinina, Tapeworms (cestoda, Ligulidae) of the Fauna of the
U.S.S.R. Amerind Publishing Co: New Delhi, 1980.
[15] M. B. Ergonul, and A. Altindag, "The occurrence and dynamics of
Ligula intestinalis in its cyprinid fish host, tench, Tinca tinca, in Mogan
Lake (Ankara, Turkey)," Vet. Med.-Czech, Vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 537-542,
2005a.
[16] M. B. Ergonul, and A. Altindag, "The effects of Ligula intestinalis
plerocercoids on the growth features of Tench, Tinca tinca," Turk. J. Vet.
Anim. Sci., vol. 29, pp. 1337-1341, 2005b.
[17] W. N. Eschmeyer, and E. S. Herald, A field guide to Pacific coast fishes.
Houghton Mifflin: Boston, 1983.
[18] M I. Evans, Important bird's areas in the Middle East. Birdlife
international, 1994.
[19] A. Harris, H. Shirihai, and D. Christie, The Macmillan birders guide to
European and Middle Eastern birds. Macmillan, 1991.
[20] M. T. Harris, and A. Wheeler, "Ligula infection of bleak Alburnus
alburnus (L.) in the tidal Thames," Journal of Fish Biology, vol. 6, pp.
181-188, 1974.
[21] K. Hudec, A guide to birds. Treasuer, 1990.
[22] C R. Kennedy, and R. J. Burrough, "The establishment and subsequent
history of a population of Ligula intestinalis in roach Rutilus rutilus
(L.)," Journal of Fish Biology, vol. 19, pp. 105-126, 1981.
[23] C. R. Kennedy, P. C. Shears, and J. A. Shears, "Long-term dynamics of
Ligula intestinalis and Rutilus rutilus: a study of three epizootic cycles
over 31 years," Parasitology, vol. 123, pp. 257-269, 2001.
[24] G. Loot, S. Brosse, S. Lek, and J. F. Gue'gan, "Behaviour of roach
(Rutilus rutilus L.) altered by Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda:
Pseudophyllidea): a field demonstration," Freshwater Biol., vol. 46, pp.
1-9, 2001a.
[25] G. Loot, S. Lek, S. P. Brown, and J. F. Gue'gan, "Phenotypic
modification of roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) infected with Ligula
intestinalis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea)," J. Parasitol., vol. 87, pp. 1002-
1010, 2001b
[26] S. Maas, Introduction to copepoda, International Training Course.
India, 1994, 218p.
[27] A. J. Mitchell, and G. L. Hoffman, important tapeworms of North
American freshwater fishes. US Dep. Int. Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish
Disease leaflet, 1980, 17p.
[28] G. C. Newell, and R. C. Newell, Marine plankton, Hutchinson: London,
1977, 244p.
[29] A. Oktener, "A checklist of metazoan parasites recorded in freshwater
fish from Turkey," Zootaxa, vol. 394, pp. 1-28, 2003.
[30] S. Prudhoe, and C. G. Hussey, "Some parasitic worms in freshwater
fishes and fish predators from Transvaal, South Africa," Zoolgica
Africana, vol. 12, pp. 113-147, 1977.
[31] R. A. Sweeting, "Studies on Ligula intestinalis effects on a roach
population in gravel pit," J. Fish Biol., vol. 9, pp. 515-22, 1975.
[32] R. A. Sweeting, "Studies on Ligula intestinalis, some aspects of the
pathology in the second intermediate host," J. Fish Biol., vol. 10, pp. 43-
50, 1976.
[33] C. D. Todd, and M. S. Laverack, Coastal marine zooplankton. Camb.
Univ. Press, 1991, 106p.
[34] R. J. Wyatt, and C. R. Kennedy, "Host-constrained epidemiology of the
fish tapeworm Ligula intestinalis (L.)," J. Fish Biol., vol. 35, pp. 215-
27, 1989.
[35] H. Yavuzcan, A. S. Korkmaz, and O. Zencir, "The infection of tench
(Tinca tinca) with Ligula intestinalis plerocercoids in Lake Beysehir
(Turkey)," Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists,
vol. 23, pp. 223-227, 2003.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:52972", author = "Mahbobeh Hajirostamloo", title = "A Report on Occurrence and Parasite-Host of Ligula intestinalis in Sattarkhan Lake(East Azerbaijan-Iran)", abstract = "Ligula intestinalis is a three-host life-cycle
Pseudophyllidean Cestode which in its plerocercoid stage infests a
range of fresh water species. The objective of the present study was
the worm occurrence within planctonic copepods, fishes and
piscivorous birds and examine of parasite-hosts samples in the Lake
of Sattarkhan Dam (near the city of Ahar, East Azerbaijan, Iran).
Fish sample were collected with fyke and gill nets and the abdominal
cavity was examined for the presence of ligula. Zooplanktons were
captured using a planktonic net and occurrence of parasitic larval
form in the body cavity was determined. Piscivorous birds were
selected by telescope, they hunted and dissected for presence of
parasite eggs in their gut. Results indicated that prevalence of
infection was 16% for cyclopid copepoda and majority of infected
cyclopid were female Cyclops. Investigation of 310 fishes specimens
were indicated to infection of five species of cyprinid fishes. In
addition, results indicated to manipulation of six species of migratory
aquatic and semi aquatic birds by ligula. Obtained results are in
agreement by previous studies. Its definite in this study that all of
fishes in Sattarkhan Lake capable to infection, its important for
health because they capture by native people and it is documented
that ligula can be introduce as a zoonose. It's seemed that to prevent
from disperses of parasite and restricted of infection, biological
elimination can be effective and it's necessary to inform native
people about sanitation.", keywords = "Ligula intestinalis, parasite-host, Sattarkhan Lake,Iran.", volume = "3", number = "9", pages = "429-4", }