A PN Sequence Generator based on Residue Arithmetic for Multi-User DS-CDMA Applications
The successful use of CDMA technology is based on
the construction of large families of encoding sequences with good
correlation properties. This paper discusses PN sequence generation
based on Residue Arithmetic with an effort to improve the performance
of existing interference-limited CDMA technology for mobile
cellular systems. All spreading codes with residual number system
proposed earlier did not consider external interferences, multipath
propagation, Doppler effect etc. In literature the use of residual
arithmetic in DS-CDMA was restricted to encoding of already spread
sequence; where spreading of sequence is done by some existing
techniques. The novelty of this paper is the use of residual number
system in generation of the PN sequences which is used to spread
the message signal. The significance of cross-correlation factor in
alleviating multi-access interference is also discussed. The RNS based
PN sequence has superior performance than most of the existing
codes that are widely used in DS-CDMA applications. Simulation
results suggest that the performance of the proposed system is
superior to many existing systems.
[1] Juha Korhonen, Introduction to 3G Mobile Communications, 2nd ed.,
Artech House Mobile Communications Series, 2003.
[2] Hsiao-Hwa Chen, The Next Generation CDMA Technologies, 1st ed.,
John Wiley and Sons, 2007.
[3] L. Yang and L. Hanzo, ÔÇÿPerformance of residue number system based
DS-CDMA over multipath fading channels using orthogonal sequences,"
European Transactions on Telecommunications, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 525535,
1998
[4] Lie-Liang Yang; Hanzo, L.; , "Residue number system based multiple
code DS-CDMA systems," Vehicular Technology Conference,
1999 IEEE 49th , vol.2, no., pp.1450-1454 vol.2, Jul 1999 doi:
10.1109/VETEC.1999.780587
[5] L. Yang and L. Hanzo, ÔÇÿA residue number system based parallel communication
scheme using orthogonal signaling .I. System outline," IEEE
Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 1534 - 1546,
2002
[6] A. S. Madhukumar and F. Chin, ÔÇÿEnhanced architecture for residue
number system-based CDMA for high-rate data transmission," IEEE
Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. : 1363 -
1368, 2004
[7] H. T. How, T. H. Liew, Ee-Lin Kuan, Lie-Liang Yang and Lajos Hanzo,
ÔÇÿA redundant residue number system coded burst-by-burst adaptive jointdetection
based CDMA speech transceiver," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular
Technology, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 387 - 396, 2006
[8] M. I. Youssef,A. E. Emam and M. Abd Elghany, "Direct Sequence
Spread Spectrum Technique with Residue Number System," International
Journal of Electrical and Electronics, vol. 3:4, pp. 223-229, 2009
[9] Shuo Zhang, Youguang Zhang and Lie-Liang Yang, "Redundant Residue
Number System Based Multicarrier DS-CDMA for Dynamic Multiple-
Access in Cognitive Radios," IEEE 73rd Vehicular Technology Conference
(VTC Spring), pp. 1-5, 2011
[10] Amos Omundi and Benjamin Premkumar, "Residue Number System:
Theory and Implementation," Imperial College Press, Vol.2, 2007.
[11] R. A. Scholtz,"The Evolution of Spread-Spectrum Multiple-Access
Communications," Proceedings International Symposium on Spread Spectrum
Techniques and Applications, Oulu, Finland, pp. 413, IEEE, 1994.
[12] S. Moshavi,"Multi-User Detection for DS-CDMA Communications,"
IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 34, pp. 124136, October 1996.
[13] R. N. Mutagi,"Pseudo noise sequences for engineers," Electronics and
Communication Engineering Journal, vol. 8, Issue. 2, pp. 79-87, 1996.
[14] R. Gold,"Optimal Binary Sequences for Spread Spectrum Multiplexing,"
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol.13, pp.619-621, 1967.
[15] Esmael H. Dinan, Bijan Jabbari, "Spreading Codes for DS-CDMA
And Wideband Cellular Networks," IEEE Communications Magazine,
September 1998.
[16] P.Maji and G.S.Rath, "A novel design approach for low pass finite
impulse response filter based on residue number system," International
Conference on Electronics Computer Technology (ICECT), IEEE, Vol.3,
pp.74-78, 2011
[17] John G. Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing -
Principles, Algorithms and Applications, 4th ed., Pearson Education Inc.,
2007.
[1] Juha Korhonen, Introduction to 3G Mobile Communications, 2nd ed.,
Artech House Mobile Communications Series, 2003.
[2] Hsiao-Hwa Chen, The Next Generation CDMA Technologies, 1st ed.,
John Wiley and Sons, 2007.
[3] L. Yang and L. Hanzo, ÔÇÿPerformance of residue number system based
DS-CDMA over multipath fading channels using orthogonal sequences,"
European Transactions on Telecommunications, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 525535,
1998
[4] Lie-Liang Yang; Hanzo, L.; , "Residue number system based multiple
code DS-CDMA systems," Vehicular Technology Conference,
1999 IEEE 49th , vol.2, no., pp.1450-1454 vol.2, Jul 1999 doi:
10.1109/VETEC.1999.780587
[5] L. Yang and L. Hanzo, ÔÇÿA residue number system based parallel communication
scheme using orthogonal signaling .I. System outline," IEEE
Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 1534 - 1546,
2002
[6] A. S. Madhukumar and F. Chin, ÔÇÿEnhanced architecture for residue
number system-based CDMA for high-rate data transmission," IEEE
Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. : 1363 -
1368, 2004
[7] H. T. How, T. H. Liew, Ee-Lin Kuan, Lie-Liang Yang and Lajos Hanzo,
ÔÇÿA redundant residue number system coded burst-by-burst adaptive jointdetection
based CDMA speech transceiver," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular
Technology, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 387 - 396, 2006
[8] M. I. Youssef,A. E. Emam and M. Abd Elghany, "Direct Sequence
Spread Spectrum Technique with Residue Number System," International
Journal of Electrical and Electronics, vol. 3:4, pp. 223-229, 2009
[9] Shuo Zhang, Youguang Zhang and Lie-Liang Yang, "Redundant Residue
Number System Based Multicarrier DS-CDMA for Dynamic Multiple-
Access in Cognitive Radios," IEEE 73rd Vehicular Technology Conference
(VTC Spring), pp. 1-5, 2011
[10] Amos Omundi and Benjamin Premkumar, "Residue Number System:
Theory and Implementation," Imperial College Press, Vol.2, 2007.
[11] R. A. Scholtz,"The Evolution of Spread-Spectrum Multiple-Access
Communications," Proceedings International Symposium on Spread Spectrum
Techniques and Applications, Oulu, Finland, pp. 413, IEEE, 1994.
[12] S. Moshavi,"Multi-User Detection for DS-CDMA Communications,"
IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 34, pp. 124136, October 1996.
[13] R. N. Mutagi,"Pseudo noise sequences for engineers," Electronics and
Communication Engineering Journal, vol. 8, Issue. 2, pp. 79-87, 1996.
[14] R. Gold,"Optimal Binary Sequences for Spread Spectrum Multiplexing,"
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol.13, pp.619-621, 1967.
[15] Esmael H. Dinan, Bijan Jabbari, "Spreading Codes for DS-CDMA
And Wideband Cellular Networks," IEEE Communications Magazine,
September 1998.
[16] P.Maji and G.S.Rath, "A novel design approach for low pass finite
impulse response filter based on residue number system," International
Conference on Electronics Computer Technology (ICECT), IEEE, Vol.3,
pp.74-78, 2011
[17] John G. Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing -
Principles, Algorithms and Applications, 4th ed., Pearson Education Inc.,
2007.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:53658", author = "Chithra R and Pallab Maji and Sarat Kumar Patra and Girija Sankar Rath", title = "A PN Sequence Generator based on Residue Arithmetic for Multi-User DS-CDMA Applications", abstract = "The successful use of CDMA technology is based on
the construction of large families of encoding sequences with good
correlation properties. This paper discusses PN sequence generation
based on Residue Arithmetic with an effort to improve the performance
of existing interference-limited CDMA technology for mobile
cellular systems. All spreading codes with residual number system
proposed earlier did not consider external interferences, multipath
propagation, Doppler effect etc. In literature the use of residual
arithmetic in DS-CDMA was restricted to encoding of already spread
sequence; where spreading of sequence is done by some existing
techniques. The novelty of this paper is the use of residual number
system in generation of the PN sequences which is used to spread
the message signal. The significance of cross-correlation factor in
alleviating multi-access interference is also discussed. The RNS based
PN sequence has superior performance than most of the existing
codes that are widely used in DS-CDMA applications. Simulation
results suggest that the performance of the proposed system is
superior to many existing systems.", keywords = "Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DSCDMA),
Multiple-Access Interference (MAI), PN Sequence, Residue
Number System (RNS).", volume = "6", number = "6", pages = "554-6", }
