A Particle Swarm Optimal Control Method for DC Motor by Considering Energy Consumption
In the actual start-up process of DC motors, the DC drive system often faces a conflict between energy consumption and acceleration performance. To resolve the conflict, this paper proposes a comprehensive performance index that energy consumption index is added on the basis of classical control performance index in the DC motor starting process. Taking the comprehensive performance index as the cost function, particle swarm optimization algorithm is designed to optimize the comprehensive performance. Then it conducts simulations on the optimization of the comprehensive performance of the DC motor on condition that the weight coefficient of the energy consumption index should be properly designed. The simulation results show that as the weight of energy consumption increased, the energy efficiency was significantly improved at the expense of a slight sacrifice of fastness indicators with the comprehensive performance index method. The energy efficiency was increased from 63.18% to 68.48% and the response time reduced from 0.2875s to 0.1736s simultaneously compared with traditional proportion integrals differential controller in energy saving.
[1] Ren Xingquan,"The application of modern control theory in electr-ic drive system, "Metallurgical automation, no.4, pp.34-40,65,1985.
[2] Ren Xingquan, “Application of optimal control theory in electric d-rag system-optimal control of electric drag,” Control engineering, no.4, pp.1-7,1994.
[3] Hu Zhongji, Zheng Fangjing, Lin Dongqing, etc. "Minimum energy consumption control for dynamic systems," Metallurgical automation, no.5, pp.31-34,1982.
[4] Tong Tiaosheng,"The minimum energy consumption control of armature inductor and the algorithm of singular solution are considered, "Journal of automation, vol.14, no.3, pp.199-206,1988.
[5] Yamashita M, Fujisawa K, Fukuda M, et al. "A quadratic programming solution of the minimum energy control problem, "IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol.13,no.2,pp.206-207,1968.
[6] Cabezas Rebolledo A, Valenzuela M A. Expected Savings Using Loss-Minimizing Flux on IM Drives—Part I: Optimum Flux and Power Savings for Minimum Losses (J). IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2015,51(2):1408-1416
[7] Kokotovic P, Singh G, "Minimum-energy control of a traction motor," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol.17, no.1, pp.92-95,1972.
[8] Gray C, "Minimum energy control of systems using state controls," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 19, no.4, pp.367-373, 1974.
[9] Ren Xingquan,"Optimal position control and accurate positioning o-f DC drive system," Metallurgical automation, no.3, pp.25-31,1982.
[10] Hu Zhongji, "Minimum energy consumption control and its application, "Manufacturing automation, no.4, pp.12-15,1982.
[11] Ren Xingquan, Tian Yang, "The closed loop optimal control system of electric drive with minimum energy consumption," Angang automation, no.3,pp.1-6,1992.
[12] Hu Soutao, Wang Zhiquan, and Hu Weili, "Optimal control theory and system," Beijing: science press, 2005.
[13] Egami T, Morita H, Tsuchiya T. Efficiency optimized model reference adaptive control system for a DC motor (J). IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1990, 37(1):28-33.
[14] Aghili F. Energy-Efficient and Fault-Tolerant Control of Multiphase Nonsinusoidal PM Synchronous Machines (J). IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 2015, 20(6):2736-2751.
[15] Mademlis C, Kioskeridis I, Theodoulidis T. Optimization of Single-Phase Induction Motors— Part I: Maximum Energy Efficiency Control (J). IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2005, 20(1):187-195.
[16] J. D. Law, T. A. Lipo, "A single phase induction motor voltage controller with improved performance", IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. PE-1, no. 4, pp. 240-247, Oct. 1986.
[17] Honda A, Kawano M, Ishida M, et al. Energy Optimization of Field Oriented Six-Phase Induction Motor Drive (J). Advances in Electrical & Computer Engineering, 2011, 11(2):107-112.
[18] Ali M M I. Efficiency optimisation with PI gain adaptation of field–oriented control applied on five phase induction motor using AI technique (J). International Journal of Modelling Identification & Control, 2013, 20(4):344-360.
[19] L. Lu, H. Chen, Y. Hu, X. Gong and Z. Zhao, "Modeling and Optimization Control for an Engine Electrified Cooling System to Minimize Fuel Consumption," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 72914-72927, 2019.doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2917333
[20] Yingjie Zhang, Ying Zhang, and Zhaoyang Ai."Energy Saving Control Strategy for the High-Frequency Start-up Process for Electric Mining Haul Trucks," IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, vol.3, no.4, pp.595-606,2018.
[21] Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Ai, M. Yi Lu and J. Zhang, "Energy Optimal Control of Motor Drive System for Extending Ranges of Electric Vehicles," in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. Doi: 10.1109/TIE.2019.2947841
[22] W. R. Provancher, S. I. Jensen-Segal and M. A. Fehlberg, "ROCR: An Energy-Efficient Dynamic Wall-Climbing Robot," in IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 897-906, Oct. 2011.doi: 10.1109/TMECH.2010.2053379
[23] Sarkar M, Nandy S, Shome S N. Energy Efficient Trajectory Tracking Controller for Underwater Applications: A Robust Approach (J). Aquatic Procedia,2015,4:571-578
[24] Zoutendijk G, "Methods of feasible directions," Mathematical Gazette, vol. 46, no.46, pp.389-418, 1960.
[25] Bi Daqing, Peng Zishun, Gao Kecun, etc. "Particle swarm optimization algorithm and its application in power electronic control, "Beijing: science press, 2016.
[1] Ren Xingquan,"The application of modern control theory in electr-ic drive system, "Metallurgical automation, no.4, pp.34-40,65,1985.
[2] Ren Xingquan, “Application of optimal control theory in electric d-rag system-optimal control of electric drag,” Control engineering, no.4, pp.1-7,1994.
[3] Hu Zhongji, Zheng Fangjing, Lin Dongqing, etc. "Minimum energy consumption control for dynamic systems," Metallurgical automation, no.5, pp.31-34,1982.
[4] Tong Tiaosheng,"The minimum energy consumption control of armature inductor and the algorithm of singular solution are considered, "Journal of automation, vol.14, no.3, pp.199-206,1988.
[5] Yamashita M, Fujisawa K, Fukuda M, et al. "A quadratic programming solution of the minimum energy control problem, "IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol.13,no.2,pp.206-207,1968.
[6] Cabezas Rebolledo A, Valenzuela M A. Expected Savings Using Loss-Minimizing Flux on IM Drives—Part I: Optimum Flux and Power Savings for Minimum Losses (J). IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2015,51(2):1408-1416
[7] Kokotovic P, Singh G, "Minimum-energy control of a traction motor," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol.17, no.1, pp.92-95,1972.
[8] Gray C, "Minimum energy control of systems using state controls," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 19, no.4, pp.367-373, 1974.
[9] Ren Xingquan,"Optimal position control and accurate positioning o-f DC drive system," Metallurgical automation, no.3, pp.25-31,1982.
[10] Hu Zhongji, "Minimum energy consumption control and its application, "Manufacturing automation, no.4, pp.12-15,1982.
[11] Ren Xingquan, Tian Yang, "The closed loop optimal control system of electric drive with minimum energy consumption," Angang automation, no.3,pp.1-6,1992.
[12] Hu Soutao, Wang Zhiquan, and Hu Weili, "Optimal control theory and system," Beijing: science press, 2005.
[13] Egami T, Morita H, Tsuchiya T. Efficiency optimized model reference adaptive control system for a DC motor (J). IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1990, 37(1):28-33.
[14] Aghili F. Energy-Efficient and Fault-Tolerant Control of Multiphase Nonsinusoidal PM Synchronous Machines (J). IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 2015, 20(6):2736-2751.
[15] Mademlis C, Kioskeridis I, Theodoulidis T. Optimization of Single-Phase Induction Motors— Part I: Maximum Energy Efficiency Control (J). IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2005, 20(1):187-195.
[16] J. D. Law, T. A. Lipo, "A single phase induction motor voltage controller with improved performance", IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. PE-1, no. 4, pp. 240-247, Oct. 1986.
[17] Honda A, Kawano M, Ishida M, et al. Energy Optimization of Field Oriented Six-Phase Induction Motor Drive (J). Advances in Electrical & Computer Engineering, 2011, 11(2):107-112.
[18] Ali M M I. Efficiency optimisation with PI gain adaptation of field–oriented control applied on five phase induction motor using AI technique (J). International Journal of Modelling Identification & Control, 2013, 20(4):344-360.
[19] L. Lu, H. Chen, Y. Hu, X. Gong and Z. Zhao, "Modeling and Optimization Control for an Engine Electrified Cooling System to Minimize Fuel Consumption," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 72914-72927, 2019.doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2917333
[20] Yingjie Zhang, Ying Zhang, and Zhaoyang Ai."Energy Saving Control Strategy for the High-Frequency Start-up Process for Electric Mining Haul Trucks," IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, vol.3, no.4, pp.595-606,2018.
[21] Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Ai, M. Yi Lu and J. Zhang, "Energy Optimal Control of Motor Drive System for Extending Ranges of Electric Vehicles," in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. Doi: 10.1109/TIE.2019.2947841
[22] W. R. Provancher, S. I. Jensen-Segal and M. A. Fehlberg, "ROCR: An Energy-Efficient Dynamic Wall-Climbing Robot," in IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 897-906, Oct. 2011.doi: 10.1109/TMECH.2010.2053379
[23] Sarkar M, Nandy S, Shome S N. Energy Efficient Trajectory Tracking Controller for Underwater Applications: A Robust Approach (J). Aquatic Procedia,2015,4:571-578
[24] Zoutendijk G, "Methods of feasible directions," Mathematical Gazette, vol. 46, no.46, pp.389-418, 1960.
[25] Bi Daqing, Peng Zishun, Gao Kecun, etc. "Particle swarm optimization algorithm and its application in power electronic control, "Beijing: science press, 2016.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:80011", author = "Yingjie Zhang and Ming Li and Ying Zhang and Jing Zhang and Zuolei Hu", title = "A Particle Swarm Optimal Control Method for DC Motor by Considering Energy Consumption", abstract = "In the actual start-up process of DC motors, the DC drive system often faces a conflict between energy consumption and acceleration performance. To resolve the conflict, this paper proposes a comprehensive performance index that energy consumption index is added on the basis of classical control performance index in the DC motor starting process. Taking the comprehensive performance index as the cost function, particle swarm optimization algorithm is designed to optimize the comprehensive performance. Then it conducts simulations on the optimization of the comprehensive performance of the DC motor on condition that the weight coefficient of the energy consumption index should be properly designed. The simulation results show that as the weight of energy consumption increased, the energy efficiency was significantly improved at the expense of a slight sacrifice of fastness indicators with the comprehensive performance index method. The energy efficiency was increased from 63.18% to 68.48% and the response time reduced from 0.2875s to 0.1736s simultaneously compared with traditional proportion integrals differential controller in energy saving.
", keywords = "Comprehensive performance index, energy consumption, acceleration performance, particle swarm optimal control. ", volume = "14", number = "11", pages = "354-8", }
