Abstract: The urban centers within northeastern Brazil are
mainly influenced by the intense rainfalls, which can occur after long
periods of drought, when flood events can be observed during such
events. Thus, this paper aims to study the rainfall frequencies in such
region through the wavelet transform. An application of wavelet
analysis is done with long time series of the total monthly rainfall
amount at the capital cities of northeastern Brazil. The main
frequency components in the time series are studied by the global
wavelet spectrum and the modulation in separated periodicity bands
were done in order to extract additional information, e.g., the 8 and
16 months band was examined by an average of all scales, giving a
measure of the average annual variance versus time, where the
periods with low or high variance could be identified. The important
increases were identified in the average variance for some periods,
e.g. 1947 to 1952 at Teresina city, which can be considered as high
wet periods. Although, the precipitation in those sites showed similar
global wavelet spectra, the wavelet spectra revealed particular
features. This study can be considered an important tool for time
series analysis, which can help the studies concerning flood control,
mainly when they are applied together with rainfall-runoff
simulations.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to summarize the
following protection of scouring countermeasures by using
Bentonite-Enhanced Sand (BES) mixtures. The concept of
underground improvement is being used in this study to reduce the
void of the sand. The sand bentonite mixture was used to bond the
ground soil conditions surrounding the pile of integral bridge. The
right composition of sand bentonite mixture was proposed based on
previous findings. The swelling effect of bentonite also was
investigated to ensure there is no adverse impact to the structure of
the integral bridge. ScourScour, another name for severe erosion,
occurs when the erosive capacity of water resulting from natural and
manmade events exceeds the ability of earth materials to resist its
effects. According to AASHTO LRFD Specifications (Section
C3.7.5), scour is the most common reason for the collapse of
highway bridges in the United States
Abstract: Low frequency power oscillations may be triggered
by many events in the system. Most oscillations are damped by the
system, but undamped oscillations can lead to system collapse.
Oscillations develop as a result of rotor acceleration/deceleration
following a change in active power transfer from a generator. Like
the operations limits, the monitoring of power system oscillating
modes is a relevant aspect of power system operation and control.
Unprevented low-frequency power swings can be cause of cascading
outages that can rapidly extend effect on wide region. On this regard,
a Wide Area Monitoring, Protection and Control Systems
(WAMPCS) help in detecting such phenomena and assess power
system dynamics security. The monitoring of power system
electromechanical oscillations is very important in the frame of
modern power system management and control. In first part, this
paper compares the different technique for identification of power
system oscillations. Second part analyzes possible identification
some power system dynamics behaviors Using Wide Area
Monitoring Systems (WAMS) based on Phasor Measurement Units
(PMUs) and wavelet technique.
Abstract: Numerical analysis naturally finds applications in all
fields of engineering and the physical sciences, but in the
21st century, the life sciences and even the arts have adopted
elements of scientific computations. The numerical data analysis
became key process in research and development of all the fields [6].
In this paper we have made an attempt to analyze the specified
numerical patterns with reference to the association rule mining
techniques with minimum confidence and minimum support mining
criteria. The extracted rules and analyzed results are graphically
demonstrated. Association rules are a simple but very useful form of
data mining that describe the probabilistic co-occurrence of certain
events within a database [7]. They were originally designed to
analyze market-basket data, in which the likelihood of items being
purchased together within the same transactions are analyzed.
Abstract: The aim of the present paper is to investigate the
interdependency among ego-identity status, autobiographical memory
and cultural life story schema. The study shows considerable
differences between autobiographical memory characteristics and
“family script", which is typical for participants (adolescents, M age
years = 17.84, SD = 1.18, N = 58), with different ego-identity
statuses. Participants with diffused ego-identity status recalled fewer
autobiographical memories. Additionally, this group of participants
recalled fewer events from their parents- life. Participants with
moratorium ego-identity status dated their first recollections to a later
age than others, and recalled fewer memories relating to their
childhood. Participants with achieved identity status recalled more
self-defining memories and events from their parents- life. They used
more functions from the autobiographical memory. There weren-t
any significant differences between the foreclosed identity status
group and the others. These findings support the idea of a
bidirectional relation between culture, memory and self.
Abstract: The Chichiawan stream in the Wulin catchment in
Taiwan is the natural habitat of Formosan landlocked salmon. Human
and agriculture activities gradually worsen water quality and impact
the fish habitat negatively. To protect and manage Formosan
landlocked salmon habitat, it is important to understand a variety
land-uses affect on the watershed responses to storms. This study
discusses watershed responses to the dry-day before a storm event and
a variety of land-uses in the Wulin catchment. Under the land-use
planning in the Wulin catchment, the peak flows during typhoon
events do not have noticeable difference. However, the nutrient
exports can be highly reduced under the strategies of restraining
agriculture activities. Due to the higher affinity of P for soil than that
of N, the exports of TN from overall Wuling catchment were much
greater than Ortho-P. Agriculture mainly centralized in subbasin A,
which is the important source of nutrients in nonpoint source discharge.
The subbasin A supplied about 26% of the TN and 32% of the Ortho-P
discharge in 2004, despite the fact it only covers 19% area of the
Wuling catchment. The subbasin analysis displayed that the
agricultural subbasin A exports higher nutrients per unit area than
other forest subbasins. Additionally, the agricultural subbasin A
contributed a higher percentage to total Ortho-P exports compares to
TN. The results of subbasin analysis might imply the transport of
Ortho-P was similar to the particulate matter which was mainly
influenced by the runoff and affected by the desorption from soil
particles while the TN (dominated as nitrate-N) was mainly influenced
by base-flow.
Abstract: Smart Grids employ wireless sensor networks for
their control and monitoring. Sensors are characterized by limitations
in the processing power, energy supply and memory spaces, which
require a particular attention on the design of routing and data
management algorithms.
Since most routing algorithms for sensor networks, focus on
finding energy efficient paths to prolong the lifetime of sensor
networks, the power of sensors on efficient paths depletes quickly,
and consequently sensor networks become incapable of monitoring
events from some parts of their target areas. In consequence, the
design of routing protocols should consider not only energy
efficiency paths, but also energy efficient algorithms in general.
In this paper we propose an energy efficient routing protocol for
wireless sensor networks without the support of any location
information system. The reliability and the efficiency of this protocol
have been demonstrated by simulation studies where we compare
them to the legacy protocols. Our simulation results show that these
algorithms scale well with network size and density.
Abstract: Here are many methods for designing and
implementation of virtual laboratories, because of their special
features. The most famous architectural designs are based on
the events. This model of architecting is so efficient for virtual
laboratories implemented on a local network. Later, serviceoriented
architecture, gave the remote access ability to them
and Peer-To-Peer architecture, hired to exchanging data with
higher quality and more speed. Other methods, such as Agent-
Based architecting, are trying to solve the problems of
distributed processing in a complicated laboratory system.
This study, at first, reviews the general principles of
designing a virtual laboratory, and then compares the different
methods based on EDA, SOA and Agent-Based architecting
to present weaknesses and strengths of each method. At the
end, we make the best choice for design, based on existing
conditions and requirements.
Abstract: This paper puts forward one kind of air-fuel ratio
control method with PI controller. With the help of
MATLAB/SIMULINK software, the mathematical model of air-fuel
ratio control system for distributorless CNG engine is constructed.
The objective is to maintain cylinder-to-cylinder air-fuel ratio at a
prescribed set point, determined primarily by the state of the Three-
Way-Catalyst (TWC), so that the pollutants in the exhaust are
removed with the highest efficiency. The concurrent control of airfuel
under transient conditions could be implemented by Proportional
and Integral (PI) controller. The simulation result indicates that the
control methods can easily eliminate the air/fuel maldistribution and
maintain the air/fuel ratio at the stochiometry within minimum
engine events.
Abstract: Avoidable unscheduled maintenance events and unnecessary
spare parts deliveries are mostly caused by an incorrect choice
of the underlying maintenance strategy. For a faster and more efficient
supply of spare parts for aircrafts of an airline we examine options for
improving the underlying logistics network integrated in an existing
aviation industry network. This paper presents a dynamic prediction
model as decision support for maintenance method selection considering
requirements of an entire flight network. The objective is
to guarantee a high supply of spare parts by an optimal interaction
of various network levels and thus to reduce unscheduled maintenance
events and minimize total costs. By using a prognostics-based
preventive maintenance strategy unscheduled component failures are
avoided for an increase in availability and reliability of the entire
system. The model is intended for use in an aviation company that
utilizes a structured planning process based on collected failures data
of components.
Abstract: To develop a process of extracting pixel values over the using of satellite remote sensing image data in Thailand. It is a very important and effective method of forecasting rainfall. This paper presents an approach for forecasting a possible rainfall area based on pixel values from remote sensing satellite images. First, a method uses an automatic extraction process of the pixel value data from the satellite image sequence. Then, a data process is designed to enable the inference of correlations between pixel value and possible rainfall occurrences. The result, when we have a high averaged pixel value of daily water vapor data, we will also have a high amount of daily rainfall. This suggests that the amount of averaged pixel values can be used as an indicator of raining events. There are some positive associations between pixel values of daily water vapor images and the amount of daily rainfall at each rain-gauge station throughout Thailand. The proposed approach was proven to be a helpful manual for rainfall forecasting from meteorologists by which using automated analyzing and interpreting process of meteorological remote sensing data.
Abstract: The use of radar in Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) for radar-rainfall measurement is significantly beneficial. Radar has advantages in terms of high spatial and temporal condition in rainfall measurement and also forecasting. In Malaysia, radar application in QPE is still new and needs to be explored. This paper focuses on the Z/R derivation works of radarrainfall estimation based on rainfall classification. The works developed new Z/R relationships for Klang River Basin in Selangor area for three different general classes of rain events, namely low (10mm/hr, 30mm/hr) and also on more specific rain types during monsoon seasons. Looking at the high potential of Doppler radar in QPE, the newly formulated Z/R equations will be useful in improving the measurement of rainfall for any hydrological application, especially for flood forecasting.
Abstract: Dual phase steels (DPS)s have a microstructure
consisting of a hard second phase called Martensite in the soft Ferrite
matrix. In recent years, there has been interest in dual-phase steels,
because the application of these materials has made significant usage;
particularly in the automotive sector Composite microstructure of
(DPS)s exhibit interesting characteristic mechanical properties such
as continuous yielding, low yield stress to tensile strength
ratios(YS/UTS), and relatively high formability; which offer
advantages compared with conventional high strength low alloy
steels(HSLAS). The research dealt with the characterization of
damage in (DPS)s. In this study by review the mechanisms of failure
due to volume fraction of martensite second phase; a new method is
introduced to identifying the mechanisms of failure in the various
phases of these types of steels. In this method the acoustic emission
(AE) technique was used to detect damage progression. These failure
mechanisms consist of Ferrite-Martensite interface decohesion and/or
martensite phase fracture. For this aim, dual phase steels with
different volume fraction of martensite second phase has provided by
various heat treatment methods on a low carbon steel (0.1% C), and
then AE monitoring is used during tensile test of these DPSs. From
AE measurements and an energy ratio curve elaborated from the
value of AE energy (it was obtained as the ratio between the strain
energy to the acoustic energy), that allows detecting important
events, corresponding to the sudden drops. These AE signals events
associated with various failure mechanisms are classified for ferrite
and (DPS)s with various amount of Vm and different martensite
morphology. It is found that AE energy increase with increasing Vm.
This increasing of AE energy is because of more contribution of
martensite fracture in the failure of samples with higher Vm. Final
results show a good relationship between the AE signals and the
mechanisms of failure.
Abstract: This paper proposes a method that discovers time series event patterns from textual data with time information. The patterns are composed of sequences of events and each event is extracted from the textual data, where an event is characteristic content included in the textual data such as a company name, an action, and an impression of a customer. The method introduces 7 types of time constraints based on the analysis of the textual data. The method also evaluates these constraints when the frequency of a time series event pattern is calculated. We can flexibly define the time constraints for interesting combinations of events and can discover valid time series event patterns which satisfy these conditions. The paper applies the method to daily business reports collected by a sales force automation system and verifies its effectiveness through numerical experiments.
Abstract: The inherent complexity in nowadays- business
environments is forcing organizations to be attentive to the dynamics
in several fronts. Therefore, the management of technological
innovation is continually faced with uncertainty about the future.
These issues lead to a need for a systemic perspective, able to analyze
the consequences of interactions between different factors. The field
of technology foresight has proposed methods and tools to deal with
this broader perspective. In an attempt to provide a method to analyze
the complex interactions between events in several areas, departing
from the identification of the most strategic competencies, this paper
presents a methodology based on the Delphi method and Quality
Function Deployment. This methodology is applied in a sheet metal
processing equipment manufacturer, as a case study.
Abstract: Modern building automation needs to deal with very
different types of demands, depending on the use of a building and the
persons acting in it. To meet the requirements of situation awareness
in modern building automation, scenario recognition becomes more
and more important in order to detect sequences of events and to react
to them properly. We present two concepts of scenario recognition
and their implementation, one based on predefined templates and the
other applying an unsupervised learning algorithm using statistical
methods. Implemented applications will be described and their advantages
and disadvantages will be outlined.
Abstract: The fault current levels through the electric devices
have a significant impact on failure probability. New fault current
results in exceeding the rated capacity of circuit breaker and switching
equipments and changes operation characteristic of overcurrent relay.
In order to solve these problems, SFCL (Superconducting Fault
Current Limiter) has rising as one of new alternatives so as to improve
these problems. A fault current reduction differs depending on
installed location. Therefore, a location of SFCL is very important.
Also, SFCL decreases the fault current, and it prevents surrounding
protective devices to be exposed to fault current, it then will bring a
change of reliability. In this paper, we propose method which
determines the optimal location when SFCL is installed in power
system. In addition, the reliability about the power system which
SFCL was installed is evaluated. The efficiency and effectiveness of
this method are also shown by numerical examples and the reliability
indices are evaluated in this study at each load points. These results
show a reliability change of a system when SFCL was installed.
Abstract: Due to the dynamic nature of the Cloud, continuous monitoring of QoS requirements is necessary to manage the Cloud computing environment. The process of QoS monitoring and SLA violation detection consists of: collecting low and high level information pertinent to the service, analyzing the collected information, and taking corrective actions when SLA violations are detected. In this paper, we detail the architecture and the implementation of the first step of this process. More specifically, we propose an event-based approach to obtain run time information of services developed as BPEL processes. By catching particular events (i.e., the low level information), our approach recognizes the run-time execution path of a monitored service and uses the BPEL execution patterns to compute QoS of the composite service (i.e., the high level information).
Abstract: Wide applicability of concurrent programming
practices in developing various software applications leads to
different concurrency errors amongst which data race is the most
important. Java provides greatest support for concurrent
programming by introducing various concurrency packages. Aspect
oriented programming (AOP) is modern programming paradigm
facilitating the runtime interception of events of interest and can be
effectively used to handle the concurrency problems. AspectJ being
an aspect oriented extension to java facilitates the application of
concepts of AOP for data race detection. Volatile variables are
usually considered thread safe, but they can become the possible
candidates of data races if non-atomic operations are performed
concurrently upon them. Various data race detection algorithms have
been proposed in the past but this issue of volatility and atomicity is
still unaddressed. The aim of this research is to propose some
suggestions for incorporating certain conditions for data race
detection in java programs at the volatile fields by taking into account
support for atomicity in java concurrency packages and making use
of pointcuts. Two simple test programs will demonstrate the results
of research. The results are verified on two different Java
Development Kits (JDKs) for the purpose of comparison.
Abstract: Religion revival including Islam in Kazakhstan represents reaction, first of all on internal social and political change, events after disintegration of the USSR. Process of revival of Kazakhstan Islam was accompanied as positive, so by negative tendencies. Old mosques were restored, were under construction new, Islamic schools and high schools were created, was widely studied religious the dogmatic person, the corresponding literature was published, expanded contacts with foreign Muslim brothers in the faith, the centers of the Arab-Muslim culture extended. At the same time in Kazakhstan, there are religious-political parties and movements, pursuing radical goals down to change the spiritual and cultural identity of Muslims of Kazakhstan by the forcible introduction of non-traditional religious and political, ethnic and cultural values.