Review of Scouring on Integral Bridge and its Possible Protection
The purpose of this paper is to summarize the
following protection of scouring countermeasures by using
Bentonite-Enhanced Sand (BES) mixtures. The concept of
underground improvement is being used in this study to reduce the
void of the sand. The sand bentonite mixture was used to bond the
ground soil conditions surrounding the pile of integral bridge. The
right composition of sand bentonite mixture was proposed based on
previous findings. The swelling effect of bentonite also was
investigated to ensure there is no adverse impact to the structure of
the integral bridge. ScourScour, another name for severe erosion,
occurs when the erosive capacity of water resulting from natural and
manmade events exceeds the ability of earth materials to resist its
effects. According to AASHTO LRFD Specifications (Section
C3.7.5), scour is the most common reason for the collapse of
highway bridges in the United States
[1] A. Besqa, C. Malfoyb, A. Pantetb, P. Monneta, D. Righib (2003).
"Physicochemical characterisation and flow properties of some bentonite
muds". Applied Clay Science 23, 275- 286.
[2] Akib,S, M. Fayyadh, M, Othman, I., (2011). "Structural Behaviour of A
Skewed Integral Bridge Affected by Different Parameters." The Baltic
Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, 6(2): 107-114.
[3] Tjokorda Gde Suwarsa Putra, I Wayan Redan, I Ketut Swijana (2006).
"The Influence of bentonite slurry Addition to excavation stability on
granular soil". Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil Vol.10, No.1.
[4] Wei Vu Pong ( 2006). Compaction of Sand-Bentonite Matrix Effect of
Time on Degree of Compaction. BSc Thesis. University Malaya.
[5] Akib, S. (2009). Effect of Scour on Integral Bridge Sub structures. PhD
Thesis. University Malaya.
[6] A. SRIDHARAN* and H. B. NAGARAJ. (2005). Plastic limit and
compaction characteristics of fine grained soils Ground
Improvement 9, No. 1, 17-22.
[7] Abendroth R.E., Greimann L.F. and Ebner P.B. (1989). "Abutment Pile
Design For Jointless Bridges." Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE.
2914-2929 Accumulation." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering.1306-
1313.
[8] D.I. Stewart, P.G. Studds and T.W. Cousens (2003) "The factors
controlling the engineering properties of bentonite-enhanced sand"
Science direct, Applied Clay Science 23 97-110.
[9] Grim, R.E.,1968. Clay Mineralogy, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York..
[10] Sposito, G., 1984. The Surface Chemistry of Soils. Oxford Univ. Press,
New York.
[11] Van Olphen, H., 1991. An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry, 2nd
ed. Krieger Publishing, Florida.
[12] Pusch, R.1999.Microstructural evolution of buffers Engineering
Geology 54, 33- 41.
[13] Pusch, R, Schomburg, J.1999.Impact of microstructure on the hydraulic
conductivity of undisturbed and artificially prepared smectitic clays.
Engineering Geology 54, 167-172.
[14] Melville B.W. and Coleman S.E.(1999)."Bridge scour." Water Resource
Publications,LLC.
[1] A. Besqa, C. Malfoyb, A. Pantetb, P. Monneta, D. Righib (2003).
"Physicochemical characterisation and flow properties of some bentonite
muds". Applied Clay Science 23, 275- 286.
[2] Akib,S, M. Fayyadh, M, Othman, I., (2011). "Structural Behaviour of A
Skewed Integral Bridge Affected by Different Parameters." The Baltic
Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, 6(2): 107-114.
[3] Tjokorda Gde Suwarsa Putra, I Wayan Redan, I Ketut Swijana (2006).
"The Influence of bentonite slurry Addition to excavation stability on
granular soil". Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil Vol.10, No.1.
[4] Wei Vu Pong ( 2006). Compaction of Sand-Bentonite Matrix Effect of
Time on Degree of Compaction. BSc Thesis. University Malaya.
[5] Akib, S. (2009). Effect of Scour on Integral Bridge Sub structures. PhD
Thesis. University Malaya.
[6] A. SRIDHARAN* and H. B. NAGARAJ. (2005). Plastic limit and
compaction characteristics of fine grained soils Ground
Improvement 9, No. 1, 17-22.
[7] Abendroth R.E., Greimann L.F. and Ebner P.B. (1989). "Abutment Pile
Design For Jointless Bridges." Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE.
2914-2929 Accumulation." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering.1306-
1313.
[8] D.I. Stewart, P.G. Studds and T.W. Cousens (2003) "The factors
controlling the engineering properties of bentonite-enhanced sand"
Science direct, Applied Clay Science 23 97-110.
[9] Grim, R.E.,1968. Clay Mineralogy, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York..
[10] Sposito, G., 1984. The Surface Chemistry of Soils. Oxford Univ. Press,
New York.
[11] Van Olphen, H., 1991. An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry, 2nd
ed. Krieger Publishing, Florida.
[12] Pusch, R.1999.Microstructural evolution of buffers Engineering
Geology 54, 33- 41.
[13] Pusch, R, Schomburg, J.1999.Impact of microstructure on the hydraulic
conductivity of undisturbed and artificially prepared smectitic clays.
Engineering Geology 54, 167-172.
[14] Melville B.W. and Coleman S.E.(1999)."Bridge scour." Water Resource
Publications,LLC.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:58712", author = "Shatirah Akib and Teuku K. Syamsura and S.M. Shirazi and Moatasem M. Fayyadh and Budhi Primasari", title = "Review of Scouring on Integral Bridge and its Possible Protection", abstract = "The purpose of this paper is to summarize the
following protection of scouring countermeasures by using
Bentonite-Enhanced Sand (BES) mixtures. The concept of
underground improvement is being used in this study to reduce the
void of the sand. The sand bentonite mixture was used to bond the
ground soil conditions surrounding the pile of integral bridge. The
right composition of sand bentonite mixture was proposed based on
previous findings. The swelling effect of bentonite also was
investigated to ensure there is no adverse impact to the structure of
the integral bridge. ScourScour, another name for severe erosion,
occurs when the erosive capacity of water resulting from natural and
manmade events exceeds the ability of earth materials to resist its
effects. According to AASHTO LRFD Specifications (Section
C3.7.5), scour is the most common reason for the collapse of
highway bridges in the United States", keywords = "bentonite, integral bridge, possible protection,scouring", volume = "5", number = "6", pages = "284-3", }