Abstract: The early diagnostic decision making in industrial processes is absolutely necessary to produce high quality final products. It helps to provide early warning for a special event in a process, and finding its assignable cause can be obtained. This work presents a hybrid diagnostic schmes for batch processes. Nonlinear representation of raw process data is combined with classification tree techniques. The nonlinear kernel-based dimension reduction is executed for nonlinear classification decision boundaries for fault classes. In order to enhance diagnosis performance for batch processes, filtering of the data is performed to get rid of the irrelevant information of the process data. For the diagnosis performance of several representation, filtering, and future observation estimation methods, four diagnostic schemes are evaluated. In this work, the performance of the presented diagnosis schemes is demonstrated using batch process data.
Abstract: Steganography, derived from Greek, literally means
“covered writing". It includes a vast array of secret communications
methods that conceal the message-s very existence. These methods
include invisible inks, microdots, character arrangement, digital
signatures, covert channels, and spread spectrum communications.
This paper proposes a new improved version of Least Significant Bit
(LSB) method. The approach proposed is simple for implementation
when compared to Pixel value Differencing (PVD) method and yet
achieves a High embedding capacity and imperceptibility. The
proposed method can also be applied to 24 bit color images and
achieve embedding capacity much higher than PVD.
Abstract: In this paper we study the resource allocation problem
for an OFDMA based cooperative two-way relaying (TWR) network.
We focus on amplify and forward (AF) analog network coding
(ANC) protocol. An optimization problem for two basic resources
namely, sub-carrier and power is formulated for multi-user TWR
networks. A joint optimal optimization problem is investigated and
two-step low complexity sub-optimal resource allocation algorithm is
proposed for multi-user TWR networks with ANC protocol. The
proposed algorithm has been evaluated in term of total achievable
system sum-rate and achievable individual sum-rate for each userpair.
The good tradeoff between system sum-rate and fairness is
observed in the two-step proportional resource allocation scheme.
Abstract: Biogas, a clean renewable energy, is attracting a growing
concern of researchers and professionals in many fields. Based
on the natural and climatic conditions in semi-arid regions of northwestern
China, the present study introduces a specifically-designed
family-size biogas plant (with a digester of 10m3) with manure
and urine of animals and humanity as raw materials. The biogas
plant is applicable to areas with altitudes of more than 2000 meters
in northwestern China. In addition to the installation cost, a little
operational expenditure, structure, characteristics, benefits of this
small-scale biogas plant, this article introduces a wide range of
specific popularization methods such as training, financial support,
guided tour to the biogas plant, community-based group study and
delivery of operational manuals. The feasibility of the biogas plant is
explored on the basis of the availability of the raw materials. Simple
operations contained in the current work increase the possibility of
the wide use of this small-scale biogas plant in similar regions of the
world.
Abstract: Launch and recovery helicopter wind envelope for a
ship type was determined as the first step to the helicopter
qualification program. Flight deck velocities data were obtained by
means of a two components laser Doppler anemometer testing a
1/50th model in the wind tunnel stream. Full-scale flight deck
measurements were obtained on board the ship using a sonic
anemometer. Wind tunnel and full-scale measurements were
compared, showing good agreement and finally, a preliminary launch
and recovery helicopter wind envelope for this specific ship was
built.
Abstract: The characteristic bending strength (MOR) and mean
modulus of elasticity (MOE) of tropical hardwood red seraya (Shorea
spp.) plywood were determined using European Standard EN310 and
EN789. The thickness of the test specimen was 4.0mm, 7.0mm,
9.0mm, 12.0mm and 15.0mm. The experiment found that the MOR
of red seraya plywood in EN310 is about 12% to 20% and 7% to
24% higher than EN789 whereas MOE were about 28% to 41% and
30% to 36% lower than those obtained from EN 789 for test
specimens parallel and perpendicular to the grain direction. The
linear regression shows that MOR and MOE for EN789 is about 0.8
times less and 1.5 times more than EN310. The experiment also
found that the MOR and MOE of EN310 and EN789 also depend on
the wood species that used in the experiment.
Abstract: Motion control of flexible arms is more difficult than
that of rigid arms, however utilizing its dynamics enables improved
performance such as a fast motion in short operation time. This paper
investigates a ball throwing robot with one rigid link and one flexible
link. This robot throws a ball at a set speed with a proper control torque.
A mathematical model of this ball throwing robot is derived through
Hamilton’s principle. Several patterns of torque input are designed and
tested through the proposed simulation models. The parameters of
each torque input pattern is optimized and determined by chaos
embedded vector evaluated particle swarm optimization (CEVEPSO).
Then, the residual vibration of the manipulator after throwing is
suppressed with input shaping technique. Finally, a real experiment is
set up for the model checking.
Abstract: The study area receives a wide variety of wastes
generated by municipalities and the industries like paints and
pigments, metal processing industries, thermal power plants electroprocessing
industries etc. The Physico-chemical and structural
investigation of water from river Pandu indicated high level of
chlorides and calcium which made the water unsuitable for human
use. Algae like Cyclotella fumida, Asterionella Formosa,
Cladophora glomerata, Pediastrum simplex, Scenedesmus bijuga,
Cladophora glomerata were the dominant pollution tolerant species
recorded under these conditions. The sensitive and less abundant
species of algae included Spirogyra sps., Merismopedia sps. The
predominance colonies of Zygnema sps, Phormidium sps,
Mycrocystis aeruginosa, Merismopedia minima, Pandorina morum,
seems to correlate with high organic contents of Pandu river water.
This study assumes significance as some algae can be used as
bioindicators of water pollution and algal floral of a municipal drain
carrying waste effluents from industrial area Kanpur and discharge
them into the river Pandu flowing onto southern outskirts of Kanpur
city.
Abstract: This research aimed to develop plasma system used in air conditioners. This developed plasma system could be installed in the air conditioners - all split type. The quality of air could be improved to be equal to present plasma system. Development processes were as follows: 1) to study the plasma system used in the air conditioners, 2) to design a plasma generator, 3) to develop the plasma generator, and 4) to test its performance in many types of the air conditioners. This plasma system was developed by AC high voltage – 14 kv with a frequency of 50 kHz. Carbon was a conductor to generate arc in air purifier system. The research was tested by installing the plasma generator in the air conditioners - wall type. Whereas, there were 3 types of installations: air flow out, air flow in, and room center. The result of the plasma generator installed in the air conditioners, split type, revealed that the air flow out installation provided the highest average of o-zone at 223 mg/h. This type of installation provided the highest efficiency of air quality improvement. Moreover, the air flow in installation and the room center installation provided the average of the o-zone at 163 mg/h and 64 mg/h, respectively.
Abstract: Among many agro- based cottage industries in India
sericulture has been promoted as an agro-based, labor intensive, rural
oriented cottage industry, providing gainful employment mainly to
the weaker and marginalized section of the society specially tribal.
Sericulture occupies the place of pride in the rural economy can be
practiced even with very low land holding, low gestation, high
returns make sericulture an ideal program, requiring little capital
investment. In 2010-2011 the employment in sericulture sector was
72.5 lakh persons. The involvement of landless rural people in tasar
sericulture is because they understood its potential for rural and tribal
upliftment. This article demonstrates that certain developmental
initiatives have been playing an important role in the socio-economic
progress of tribal masses in Raigarh district and explains the
increased returns from sericulture as a result of development
programs. The study concludes with some suggestions to improve the
long term feasibility of sericulture.
Abstract: Accurate evaluation of damping ratios involving soilstructure interaction (SSI) effects is the prerequisite for seismic design of in-situ buildings. This study proposes a combined approach to identify damping ratios of SSI systems based on ambient excitation technique. The proposed approach is illustrated with main test process, sampling principle and algorithm steps through an engineering example, as along with its feasibility and validity. The proposed approach is employed for damping ratio identification of 82 buildings in Xi-an, China. Based on the experimental data, the variation range and tendency of damping ratios of these SSI systems, along with the preliminary influence factor, are shown and discussed. In addition, a fitting curve indicates the relation between the damping ratio and fundamental natural period of SSI system.
Abstract: K-Modes is an extension of K-Means clustering algorithm, developed to cluster the categorical data, where the mean is replaced by the mode. The similarity measure proposed by Huang is the simple matching or mismatching measure. Weight of attribute values contribute much in clustering; thus in this paper we propose a new weighted dissimilarity measure for K-Modes, based on the ratio of frequency of attribute values in the cluster and in the data set. The new weighted measure is experimented with the data sets obtained from the UCI data repository. The results are compared with K-Modes and K-representative, which show that the new measure generates clusters with high purity.
Abstract: Cultural stories are political. They register cultural
phenomena and their relations with the world and society in term of
their existence, function, characteristics by using different context.
This paper will provide a new way of rethinking which will help us
to rethink the relationship between fiction and politics. It discusses
the theme of human rights and it shows the relevance between art and
politics by studying the civil society through a literary framework.
Reasons to establish a relationship between fiction and politics are
the relevant themes and universal issues among the two disciplines.
Both disciplines are sets of views and ideas formulated by the human
mind to explain political or cultural phenomenon. Other reasons are
the complexity and depth of the author-s vision, and the need to
explain the violations of human rights in a more active structure
which can relate to emotional and social existence.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the
demographic differences of international tourists according to three
main factors, including the value of time, shopping behavior and
shopping motivation. The Chatuchak Weekend Market is known as
one of the biggest weekend markets in the world. Too little academic
studies had been conducted in this area of weekend market, despite its
growth and continuous development. In general, both domestic
visitors and international tourists are attracted to the perception of
cheap and bargaining prices the weekend market. However, systematic
research study can provide reliable understanding of the perception of
the visitors.
This study focused on the group of international tourists who visited
the market and aimed to provide better insights based on the
differences in their demographic factors. Findings indicated that
several differences in value of time, shopping behavior, and shopping
motivation were identified by gender, income and age. Research
implications and directions for further studies were discussed.
Abstract: The survey and classification of the different security
attacks in structured peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay networks can be
useful to computer system designers, programmers, administrators,
and users. In this paper, we attempt to provide a taxonomy of
structured P2P overlay networks security attacks. We have specially
focused on the way these attacks can arise at each level of the
network. Moreover, we observed that most of the existing systems
such as Content Addressable Network (CAN), Chord, Pastry,
Tapestry, Kademlia, and Viceroy suffer from threats and vulnerability
which lead to disrupt and corrupt their functioning. We hope that our
survey constitutes a good help for who-s working on this area of
research.
Abstract: This paper deals with the experimental investigations
of the in-cylinder tumble flows in an unfired internal combustion
engine with a flat piston at the engine speeds ranging from 400 to
1000 rev/min., and also with the dome and dome-cavity pistons at an
engine speed of 1000 rev/min., using particle image velocimetry.
From the two-dimensional in-cylinder flow measurements, tumble
flow analysis is carried out in the combustion space on a vertical
plane passing through cylinder axis. To analyze the tumble flows,
ensemble average velocity vectors are used and to characterize it,
tumble ratio is estimated. From the results, generally, we have found
that tumble ratio varies mainly with crank angle position. Also, at the
end of compression stroke, average turbulent kinetic energy is more
at higher engine speeds. We have also found that, at 330 crank angle
position, flat piston shows an improvement of about 85 and 23% in
tumble ratio, and about 24 and 2.5% in average turbulent kinetic
energy compared to dome and dome-cavity pistons respectively
Abstract: An experiment was conducted under controlled
conditions to study the effect of water extract of leaves, shoots and
roots of either Sisymbrium irio L. =SISIR and/or Descurainia
sophia (L.) Schur =DESSO on the germination and primary growth
of wheat. A split-split plot experiment in CRD with three
replications was used. The main plots were the type of weed: i.e.
SISIR and DESSO and the sub-plots were type of organ: i.e. leaf,
stem and root and, the sub-sub plots were concentration of the
water extract of each organ of the weeds: i.e. 0, 2, 4 and 8 % w/v.
The plant materials were cut in 2-3 cm pieces and then were
ground in a blender. The crushed materials were weighed
according to experimental protocol and the final volume was
reached to 100 ml in distilled water in dark bottles. All bottles were
put on a shaker for 24 hours. The solutions were filtered by muslin
cloth. Whatman paper, 9 cm in diameter, were put in petri dishes
and twenty seeds of wheat were put on it and 5 ml distilled water
or water extract of weeds were added to each petri dish. All petri
dishes were put in constant temperature of 15 0C incubator.
The results showed that the SISIR water extract had a greater
inhibitory effects on germination and primary growth of wheat
than those of DESSO water extract. The water extracts of the
leaves of both weeds had the greatest inhibitory effects on
germination and primary growth of wheat, compared to those of
stems and roots. Increasing the concentration of water extract of
leaves, stems and roots of both weeds up to 8 % caused the greatest
inhibitory effects to wheat and reduced the germination rate and
primary growth of it linearly.
Abstract: A study concerning the photocatalytic decolourization
of Congo red (CR) dye, over artificial UV irradiation is presented.
Photocatalysts based on a commercial titanium dioxide (TiO2)
modified with transition metals (Ni, Cu and Zn) were used. The
dopage method used was wet impregnation. A TiO2 sample without
salt was subjected to the same hydrothermal treatment to be used as
reference. Congo red solutions to several pH conditions (natural and
basic) were used to evaluate photocatalytic performance of each
doped catalysts. Photodecolourization percentage was measured
spectrofotrometically after 3 h of treatment to 499 nm as response
variable. Kinetics investigations of photodegradation indicated that
reactions obey to Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and pseudo–first
order law. The rate constant studies of photocatalytic decolourization
reactions for Zn–TiO2 and Cu–TiO2 photocatalysts indicated that in
all cases the rate constant of the reaction was higher than that of TiO2
undoped. These results show that nature of the metal modifying the
TiO2 influence on the efficiency of the photocatalyst evaluated in
process. Ni does not present an additional effect compared with TiO2,
while Zn enhances the photoactivity due to its electronic properties.
Abstract: A new blind symbol by symbol equalizer is proposed.
The operation of the proposed equalizer is based on the geometric
properties of the two dimensional data constellation. An unsupervised
clustering technique is used to locate the clusters formed by the
received data. The symmetric properties of the clusters labels are
subsequently utilized in order to label the clusters. Following this
step, the received data are compared to clusters and decisions are
made on a symbol by symbol basis, by assigning to each data
the label of the nearest cluster. The operation of the equalizer is
investigated both in linear and nonlinear channels. The performance
of the proposed equalizer is compared to the performance of a CMAbased
blind equalizer.
Abstract: Each new semiconductor technology node
brings smaller transistors and wires. Although this makes
transistors faster, wires get slower. In nano-scale regime, the
standard copper (Cu) interconnect will become a major hurdle
for FPGA interconnect due to their high resistivity and
electromigration. This paper presents the comprehensive
evaluation of mixed CNT bundle interconnects and
investigates their prospects as energy efficient and high speed
interconnect for future FPGA routing architecture. All
HSPICE simulations are carried out at operating frequency of
1GHz and it is found that mixed CNT bundle implemented in
FPGAs as interconnect can potentially provide a substantial
delay and energy reduction over traditional interconnects at
32nm process technology.