Abstract: Electronics Products that achieve high levels of integrated communications, computing and entertainment, multimedia features in small, stylish and robust new form factors are winning in the market place. Due to the high costs that an industry may undergo and how a high yield is directly proportional to high profits, IC (Integrated Circuit) manufacturers struggle to maximize yield, but today-s customers demand miniaturization, low costs, high performance and excellent reliability making the yield maximization a never ending research of an enhanced assembly process. With factors such as minimum tolerances, tighter parameter variations a systematic approach is needed in order to predict the assembly process. In order to evaluate the quality of upcoming circuits, yield models are used which not only predict manufacturing costs but also provide vital information in order to ease the process of correction when the yields fall below expectations. For an IC manufacturer to obtain higher assembly yields all factors such as boards, placement, components, the material from which the components are made of and processes must be taken into consideration. Effective placement yield depends heavily on machine accuracy and the vision of the system which needs the ability to recognize the features on the board and component to place the device accurately on the pads and bumps of the PCB. There are currently two methods for accurate positioning, using the edge of the package and using solder ball locations also called footprints. The only assumption that a yield model makes is that all boards and devices are completely functional. This paper will focus on the Monte Carlo method which consists in a class of computational algorithms (information processed algorithms) which depends on repeated random samplings in order to compute the results. This method utilized in order to recreate the simulation of placement and assembly processes within a production line.
Abstract: Colored Petri Nets (CPN) are very known kind of
high level Petri nets. With sound and complete semantics, rewriting
logic is one of very powerful logics in description and verification of
non-deterministic concurrent systems. Recently, CPN semantics are
defined in terms of rewriting logic, allowing us to built models by
formal reasoning. In this paper, we propose an automatic translation
of CPN to the rewriting logic language Maude. This tool allows
graphical editing and simulating CPN. The tool allows the user
drawing a CPN graphically and automatic translating the graphical
representation of the drawn CPN to Maude specification. Then,
Maude language is used to perform the simulation of the resulted
Maude specification. It is the first rewriting logic based environment
for this category of Petri Nets.
Abstract: High-frequency (HF) communications have been used by military organizations for more than 90 years. The opportunity of very long range communications without the need for advanced equipment makes HF a convenient and inexpensive alternative of satellite communications. Besides the advantages, voice and data transmission over HF is a challenging task, because the HF channel generally suffers from Doppler shift and spread, multi-path, cochannel interference, and many other sources of noise. In constructing an HF data modem, all these effects must be taken into account. STANAG 4539 is a NATO standard for high-speed data transmission over HF. It allows data rates up to 12800 bps over an HF channel of 3 kHz. In this work, an efficient implementation of STANAG 4539 on a single Texas Instruments- TMS320C6747 DSP chip is described. The state-of-the-art algorithms used in the receiver and the efficiency of the implementation enables real-time high-speed data / digitized voice transmission over poor HF channels.
Abstract: The objective of this research is to develop an advanced driver assistance system characterized with the functions of lane departure warning (LDW), forward collision warning (FCW) and adaptive front-lighting system (AFS). The system is mainly configured a CCD/CMOS camera to acquire the images of roadway ahead in association with the analysis made by an image-processing unit concerning the lane ahead and the preceding vehicles. The input image captured by a camera is used to recognize the lane and the preceding vehicle positions by image detection and DROI (Dynamic Range of Interesting) algorithms. Therefore, the system is able to issue real-time auditory and visual outputs of warning when a driver is departing the lane or driving too close to approach the preceding vehicle unwittingly so that the danger could be prevented from occurring. During the nighttime, in addition to the foregoing warning functions, the system is able to control the bending light of headlamp to provide an immediate light illumination when making a turn at a curved lane and adjust the level automatically to reduce the lighting interference against the oncoming vehicles driving in the opposite direction by the curvature of lane and the vanishing point estimations. The experimental results show that the integrated vehicle image system is robust to most environments such as the lane detection and preceding vehicle detection average accuracy performances are both above 90 %.
Abstract: The mesoporous MoO3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared
by incipient wetness impregnation method aiming to investigate the
effect of drying method and molybdenum content on the catalyst
property and performance towards the oxidation of benzothiophene
(BT), dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyle dibenzothiophene
(4,6-DMDBT) with H2O2 for deep oxidative desulfurization of diesel
fuel. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, BET, BJH and SEM
method. The catalyst with 10wt.% and 15wt.% Mo content represent
same optimum performance for DBT and 4,6-DMDBT removal, but
a catalyst with 10wt.% Mo has higher efficiency than 15wt.% Mo for
BT conversion. The SEM images show that use of rotary evaporator
in drying step reaches a more homogenous impregnation. The
oxidation reactivity of different sulfur compounds was studied which
followed the order of DBT>4,6-DMDBT>>BT.
Abstract: Liposomal magnetofection is a simple, highly efficient
technology for cell transfection, demonstrating better outcome than a
number of other common gene delivery methods. However,
aggregate complexes distribution over the cell surface is non-uniform
due to the gradient of the permanent magnetic field. The aim of this
study was to estimate the efficiency of liposomal magnetofection for
prostate carcinoma PC3 cell line using newly designed device,
“DynaFECTOR", ensuring magnetofection in a dynamic gradient
magnetic field. Liposomal magnetofection in a dynamic gradient
magnetic field demonstrated the highest transfection efficiency for
PC3 cells – it increased for 21% in comparison with liposomal
magnetofection and for 42% in comparison with lipofection alone.
The optimal incubation time under dynamic magnetic field for PC3
cell line was 5 minutes and the optimal rotation frequency of
magnets – 5 rpm. The new approach also revealed lower cytotoxic
effect to cells than liposomal magnetofection.
Abstract: Temperature, relative humidity and overhygroscopic
moisture fields in a sandstone wall provided with interior thermal
insulation were calculated in order to assess the hygric performance
of the retrofitted wall. Computational simulations showed that during
the time period of 10 years which was subject of investigation no
overhygroscopic moisture appeared in the analyzed building
envelope so that it performed in a satisfactory way from the hygric
point of view.
Abstract: Direct fermentation of 226 white rose tapioca stem to
ethanol by Fusarium oxysporum was studied in a batch reactor.
Fermentation of ethanol can be achieved by sequential pretreatment
using dilute acid and dilute alkali solutions using 100 mesh tapioca
stem particles. The quantitative effects of substrate concentration, pH
and temperature on ethanol concentration were optimized using a full
factorial central composite design experiment. The optimum process
conditions were then obtained using response surface methodology.
The quadratic model indicated that substrate concentration of 33g/l,
pH 5.52 and a temperature of 30.13oC were found to be optimum for
maximum ethanol concentration of 8.64g/l. The predicted optimum
process conditions obtained using response surface methodology was
verified through confirmatory experiments. Leudeking-piret model
was used to study the product formation kinetics for the production
of ethanol and the model parameters were evaluated using
experimental data.
Abstract: On the basis of Bayesian inference using the
maximizer of the posterior marginal estimate, we carry out phase
unwrapping using multiple interferograms via generalized mean-field
theory. Numerical calculations for a typical wave-front in remote
sensing using the synthetic aperture radar interferometry, phase
diagram in hyper-parameter space clarifies that the present method
succeeds in phase unwrapping perfectly under the constraint of
surface- consistency condition, if the interferograms are not corrupted
by any noises. Also, we find that prior is useful for extending a phase
in which phase unwrapping under the constraint of the
surface-consistency condition. These results are quantitatively
confirmed by the Monte Carlo simulation.
Abstract: In CMOS integrated circuit design there is a trade-off between static power consumption and technology scaling. Recently, the power density has increased due to combination of higher clock speeds, greater functional integration, and smaller process geometries. As a result static power consumption is becoming more dominant. This is a challenge for the circuit designers. However, the designers do have a few methods which they can use to reduce this static power consumption. But all of these methods have some drawbacks. In order to achieve lower static power consumption, one has to sacrifice design area and circuit performance. In this paper, we propose a new method to reduce static power in the CMOS VLSI circuit using Variable Body Biasing technique without being penalized in area requirement and circuit performance.
Abstract: The importance for manipulating an incorporated
scaffold and directing cell behaviors is well appreciated for tissue
engineering. Here, we developed newly nano-topographic oxidized
silicon nanosponges capable of being various chemical modifications
to provide much insight into the fundamental biology of how cells
interact with their surrounding environment in vitro. A wet etching
technique is exerted to allow us fabricated the silicon nanosponges in a
high-throughput manner. Furthermore, various organo-silane
chemicals enabled self-assembled on the surfaces by vapor deposition.
We have found that Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells displayed
certain distinguishable morphogenesis, adherent responses, and
biochemical properties while cultured on these chemical modified
nano-topographic structures in compared with the planar oxidized
silicon counterparts, indicating that cell behaviors can be influenced
by certain physical characteristic derived from nano-topography in
addition to the hydrophobicity of contact surfaces crucial for cell
adhesion and spreading. Of particular, there were predominant
nano-actin punches and slender protrusions formed while cells were
cultured on the nano-topographic structures. This study shed potential
applications of these nano-topographic biomaterials for controlling
cell development in tissue engineering or basic cell biology research.
Abstract: Determination of wellbore problems during a
production/injection process might be evaluated thorough
temperature log analysis. Other applications of this kind of log
analysis may also include evaluation of fluid distribution analysis
along the wellbore and identification of anomalies encountered
during production/injection process. While the accuracy of such
prediction is paramount, the common method of determination of a
wellbore temperature log includes use of steady-state energy balance
equations, which hardly describe the real conditions as observed in
typical oil and gas flowing wells during production operation; and
thus increase level of uncertainties. In this study, a practical method
has been proposed through development of a simplified semianalytical
model to apply for predicting temperature profile along the
wellbore. The developed model includes an overall heat transfer
coefficient accounting all modes of heat transferring mechanism,
which has been focused on the prediction of a temperature profile as
a function of depth for the injection/production wells. The model has
been validated with the results obtained from numerical simulation.
Abstract: In this study, synthesis of biomemitic patterned nano
hydroxyapatite-starch biocomposites using different concentration of
starch to evaluate effect of polymer alteration on biocomposites
structural properties has been reported. Formation of hydroxyapatite
nano particles was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Size and morphology of the
samples were characterized using scanning and transmission electron
microscopy (SEM and TEM). It seems that by increasing starch
content, the more active site of polymer (oxygen atoms) can be
provided for interaction with Ca2+ followed by phosphate and
hydroxyl group.
Abstract: Post cracking behavior and load –bearing capacity of
the steel fiber reinforced high-strength concrete (SFRHSC) are
dependent on the number of fibers are crossing the weakest crack
(bridged the crack) and their orientation to the crack surface. Filling
the mould by SFRHSC, fibers are moving and rotating with the
concrete matrix flow till the motion stops in each internal point of the
concrete body. Filling the same mould from the different ends
SFRHSC samples with the different internal structures (and different
strength) can be obtained. Numerical flow simulations (using Newton
and Bingham flow models) were realized, as well as single fiber
planar motion and rotation numerical and experimental investigation
(in viscous flow) was performed. X-ray pictures for prismatic
samples were obtained and internal fiber positions and orientations
were analyzed. Similarly fiber positions and orientations in cracked
cross-section were recognized and were compared with numerically
simulated. Structural SFRHSC fracture model was created based on
single fiber pull-out laws, which were determined experimentally.
Model predictions were validated by 15x15x60cm prisms 4 point
bending tests.
Abstract: Electrochemical-oxidation of Reactive Black-5 (RB- 5) was conducted for degradation using DSA type Ti/RuO2-SnO2- Sb2O5 electrode. In the study, for electro-oxidation, electrode was indigenously fabricated in laboratory using titanium as substrate. This substrate was coated using different metal oxides RuO2, Sb2O5 and SnO2 by thermal decomposition method. Laboratory scale batch reactor was used for degradation and decolorization studies at pH 2, 7 and 11. Current density (50mA/cm2) and distance between electrodes (8mm) were kept constant for all experiments. Under identical conditions, removal of color, COD and TOC at initial pH 2 was 99.40%, 55% and 37% respectively for initial concentration of 100 mg/L RB-5. Surface morphology and composition of the fabricated electrode coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) respectively. Coating microstructure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results of this study further revealed that almost 90% of oxidation occurred within 5-10 minutes.
Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to develop and calibrate
an econometric model for modeling prices of long term electricity
futures contracts. The calibration of our model is performed on data
from EEX AG allowing us to capture the specific features of German
electricity market. The data sample contains several structural breaks
which have to be taken into account for modeling. We model the data
with an ARIMAX model which reveals high correlation between the
price of electricity futures contracts and prices of LT futures
contracts of fuels (namely coal, natural gas and crude oil). Besides
this, also a share price index of representative electricity companies
traded on Xetra, spread between 10Y and 1Y German bonds and
exchange rate between EUR and USD appeared to have significant
explanatory power over these futures contracts on EEX.
Abstract: We numerically study the three-dimensional
magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) stability of oscillatory natural
convection flow in a rectangular cavity, with free top surface, filled
with a liquid metal, having an aspect ratio equal to A=L/H=5, and
subjected to a transversal temperature gradient and a uniform
magnetic field oriented in x and z directions. The finite volume
method was used in order to solve the equations of continuity,
momentum, energy, and potential. The stability diagram obtained in
this study highlights the dependence of the critical value of the
Grashof number Grcrit , with the increase of the Hartmann number
Ha for two orientations of the magnetic field. This study confirms
the possibility of stabilization of a liquid metal flow in natural
convection by application of a magnetic field and shows that the
flow stability is more important when the direction of magnetic field
is longitudinal than when the direction is transversal.
Abstract: Recognizing behavioral patterns of financial markets
is essential for traders. Japanese candlestick chart is a common tool to
visualize and analyze such patterns in an economic time series. Since
the world was introduced to Japanese candlestick charting, traders
saw how combining this tool with intelligent technical approaches
creates a powerful formula for the savvy investors.
This paper propose a generalization to box counting method of
Grassberger-Procaccia, which is based on computing the correlation
dimension of Japanese candlesticks instead commonly used 'close'
points. The results of this method applied on several foreign
exchange rates vs. IRR (Iranian Rial). Satisfactorily show lower
chaotic dimension of Japanese candlesticks series than regular
Grassberger-Procaccia method applied merely on close points of
these same candles. This means there is some valuable information
inside candlesticks.
Abstract: Triglycerides and their derivatives are considered as viable alternatives for diesel fuels. Rice bran oil is used as diesel fuel. Highly viscous rice bran oil can be reduced by blending it with diesel fuel. The present research is aimed to investigate experimentally the performance, exhaust emission and combustion characteristics of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine, typically used in agricultural sector, over the entire load range when fuelled with rice bran oil and diesel fuel blends, RB10 (10% rice bran oil + 90% diesel fuel) to RB50. The performance, emission and combustion parameters of RB20 were found to be very close to neat diesel fuel (ND). The injector opening pressure (IOP) undoubtedly is of prime importance in diesel engine operation. Performance, emission and combustion characteristics with RB30 at enhanced IOPs are better than ND. Improved premixed heat release rate were noticed with RB30 when the IOP is enhanced.
Abstract: This paper presents an effective method for detecting vehicles in front of the camera-assisted car during nighttime driving. The proposed method detects vehicles based on detecting vehicle headlights and taillights using techniques of image segmentation and clustering. First, to effectively extract spotlight of interest, a segmentation process based on automatic multi-level threshold method is applied on the road-scene images. Second, to spatial clustering vehicle of detecting lamps, a grouping process based on light tracking and locating vehicle lighting patterns. For simulation, we are implemented through Da-vinci 7437 DSP board with near infrared mono-camera and tested it in the urban and rural roads. Through the test, classification performances are above 97% of true positive rate evaluated on real-time environment. Our method also has good performance in the case of clear, fog and rain weather.