Abstract: 10 clinically healthy hemal nodes were collected from male bulls aged 2-3 years. Light microscopy revealed a capsule of connective tissue consisted mainly of collagen fiber surrounding hemal node, numerous erythrocytes were found in wide subcapsular sinus under the capsule. The parenchyma of the hemal node was divided into cortex and medulla. Diffused lymphocytes, and lymphoid follicles, having germinal centers were the main components of the cortex, while in the medulla there was wide medullary sinus, diffused lymphocytes and few lymphoid nodules. The area occupied with lymph nodules was larger than that occupied with non-nodular structure of lymphoid cords and blood sinusoids. Electron microscopy revealed the cellular components of hemal node including elements of circulating erythrocytes intermingled with lymphocytes, plasma cells, mast cells, reticular cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes and endothelial cells lining the blood sinuses. The lymphocytes were somewhat triangular in shape with cytoplasmic processes extending between adjacent erythrocytes. Nuclei were triangular to oval in shape, lightly stained with clear nuclear membrane indentation and clear nucleoli. The reticular cells were elongated in shape with cytoplasmic processes extending between adjacent lymphocytes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and few lysosomes were seen in their cytoplasm. Nucleus was elongated in shape with less condensed chromatin. Plasma cells were oval to irregular in shape with numerous dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum containing electron lucent material occupying the whole cytoplasm and few mitochondria were found. Nuclei were centrally located and oval in shape with heterochromatin emarginated and often clumped near the nuclear membrane. Occasionally megakaryocytes and mast cells were seen among lymphocytes. Megakaryocytes had multilobulated nucleus and free ribosomes often appearing as small aggregates in their cytoplasm, while mast cell had their characteristic electron dense granule in the cytoplasm, few electron lucent granules were found also, we conclude that, the main function of the hemal node of cattle is proliferation of lymphocytes. No role for plasma cell in erythrophagocytosis could be suggested.
Abstract: The soil profile at site of the bridge project includes soft fine grained soil layer located between 5.0 m to 11.0 m in depth, it has high water content, low SPT no., and low bearing capacity. The clay layer induces high settlement due to surcharge application of earth embankment at ramp T1, ramp T2, and ramp T3 especially at heights from 9m right 3m. Calculated settlement for embankment heights less than 3m may be accepted regarding Saudi Code for soil and foundation. The soil and groundwater at the project site comprise high contents of sulfates and chlorides of high aggressively on concrete and steel bars, respectively. Regarding results of the study, it has been recommended to use stone column piles or new technology named PCC piles as soil improvement to improve the bearing capacity of the weak layer. The new technology is cast in-situ thin wall concrete pipe piles (PCC piles), it has economically advantageous and high workability. The technology can save time of implementation and cost of application is almost 30% of other types of piles.
Abstract: Healthcare waste management continues to present an
array of challenges for developing countries, and Liberia is of no
exception. There is insufficient information available regarding the
generation, handling, and disposal of health care waste. This face
serves as an impediment to healthcare management schemes. The
specific objective of this study is to present an evaluation of the
current health care management practices in Liberia. It also presented
procedures, techniques used, methods of handling, transportation, and
disposal methods of wastes as well as the quantity and composition
of health care waste. This study was conducted as an investigative
case study, covering three different health care facilities; a hospital, a
health center, and a clinic in Monrovia, Montserrado County. The
average waste generation was found to be 0-7kg per day at the clinic
and health center and 8-15kg per/day at the hospital. The composition
of the waste includes hazardous and non-hazardous waste i.e. plastic,
papers, sharps, and pathological elements etc. Nevertheless, the
investigation showed that the healthcare waste generated by the
surveyed healthcare facilities were not properly handled because of
insufficient guidelines for separate collection, and classification, and
adequate methods for storage and proper disposal of generated
wastes. This therefore indicates that there is a need for improvement
within the healthcare waste management system to improve the
existing situation.
Abstract: This paper is a qualitative research report. A group of
students form a public university in a small town in Colombia
participated in this study which aimed at describing to what extend
the use of social ads, published on the internet, helped to develop
their critical thinking skills. Students’ productions, field notes, video
recordings and direct observation were the instruments and
techniques used by the researches in order to gather the data which
was analyzed under the principles of grounded theory and
triangulation. The implementation of social ads into the classroom
evidenced a noticeable improvement in students’ ability to interpret
and argue social issues, as well as, their self-improvement in oral and
written production in English, as a foreign language.
Abstract: Copreneurship is a term used to describe the business
pattern of operations run by married couples who share commitment,
goals, and responsibilities in handling a business. Research conducted
overseas showed that copreneurship business activities grew quickly
and played a role in elevating families’ and nations’ socio-economic
standards. In Malaysia, copreneurship has long been cultivated by
spouses. Thus, this study aimed to explore the factors that motivate
married partners to start a copreneurship business, and who is the
dominant partner in the management of this business. The study
participants are four entrepreneurial couples who are SME business
operators selected through purposive sampling. In-depth interviews
and direct observation were used as methods of measurement for
triangulation of qualitative data in this study. The findings of the
interviews were administered using NVivo 8.0 software. The result
shows that freedom is a key factor that drives entrepreneurs to set up
copreneurship businesses, and that the husband dominates the
management aspects of the business. The study gives an overview of
the parties involved in entrepreneurship to provide understanding of
the copreneurship concept as it is practiced. This study provides
academic value by creating understanding of the importance of a
harmonious family institution specifically for forming entrepreneurs
in the familial environment in Malaysia.
Abstract: Sun tracking systems are the systems following the sun ray by a right angle or by predetermined certain angle. In this study, we used theoretical trajectory of sun for latitude of central Anatolia in Turkey. A two degree of freedom spherical mechanism was designed to have a large workspace able to follow the sun's theoretical motion by the right angle during the whole year. An inverse kinematic analysis was generated to find the positions of mechanism links for the predicted trajectory. Force and torque analysis were shown for the first day of the year.
Abstract: Despite the benefits of innovation diffusion in the
South African public service, implementation thereof seems to be
problematic, particularly with regard to e-governance which would
enhance the quality of service delivery, especially accessibility,
choice, and mode of operation. This paper reports on differences
between the public service and the private sector in terms of
innovation diffusion. Innovation diffusion will be investigated to
explore identified obstacles that are hindering successful
implementation of e-governance. The research inquiry is underpinned
by the diffusion of innovation theory, which is premised on the
assumption that innovation has a distinct channel, time, and mode of
adoption within the organisation. A comparative thematic document
analysis was conducted to investigate organisational differences with
regard to innovation diffusion. A similar approach has been followed
in other countries, where the same conceptual framework has been
used to guide document analysis in studies in both the private and the
public sectors. As per the recommended conceptual framework, three
organisational characteristics were emphasised, namely the external
characteristics of the organisation, the organisational structure, and
the inherent characteristics of the leadership. The results indicated
that the main difference in the external characteristics lies in the
focus and the clientele of the private sector. With regard to
organisational structure, private organisations have veto power,
which is not the case in the public service. Regarding leadership,
similarities were observed in social and environmental responsibility
and employees’ attitudes towards immediate supervision. Differences
identified included risk taking, the adequacy of leadership
development, organisational approaches to motivation and
involvement in decision making, and leadership style. Due to the
organisational differences observed, it is recommended that
differentiated strategies be employed to ensure effective innovation
diffusion, and ultimately e-governance. It is recommended that the
results of this research be used to stimulate discussion on ways to
improve collaboration between the mentioned sectors, to capitalise on
the benefits of each sector.
Abstract: This project aims at building an efficient and
automatic power monitoring SCADA system, which is capable of
monitoring the electrical parameters of high voltage powered devices
in real time for example RMS voltage and current, frequency, energy
consumed, power factor etc. The system uses RS-485 serial
communication interface to transfer data over longer distances.
Embedded C programming is the platform used to develop two
hardware modules namely: RTU and Master Station modules, which
both use the CC2540 BLE 4.0 microcontroller configured in slave /
master mode. The Si8900 galvanic ally isolated microchip is used to
perform ADC externally. The hardware communicates via UART
port and sends data to the user PC using the USB port. Labview
software is used to design a user interface to display current state of
the power loads being monitored as well as logs data to excel
spreadsheet file. An understanding of the Si8900’s auto baud rate
process is key to successful implementation of this project.
Abstract: The importance of culture and tourism in the attractiveness and competitiveness of the countries is central, and many regions are evidencing their cultural assets, tangible and intangible, as a means to create comparative advantages in tourism and produce a distinctive place in response to the pressures of globalization. Culture and tourism are interlinked because of their obvious combination and growth potential. Cultural tourism is a crucial global tourism market with fast growing. Regions can develop significant relations between culture and tourism to increase their attractiveness as places to visit, live and invest, increasing their competitiveness. Accordingly, having new and creative approach to historical areas as cultural value-based destinations can improve their conditions to promote tourism. Furthermore, in 21st century, media become the most important factor affecting the development of urban cities, including public places. As a result of the digital revolution, re-imaging and re-linkage public places by media are essential to create more interactions between public spaces and users, interaction media display, and urban screens, one of the most important defined media. This interaction can transform the urban space from being neglected to be more interactive space with users, especially the pedestrians. The paper focuses on The Walled City of Famagusta. As many other historic quarters elsewhere in the world, is in a process, of decay and deterioration, and its functionally distinctive areas are severely threatened by physical, functional, locational, and image obsolescence at varying degrees. So the focus on the future development of this area through tourism promotion can be an appropriate decision for the monument enhancement of the spatial quality in Walled City of Famagusta. In this paper, it is aimed to identify the effects of these new digital factors to transform public spaces especially in historic urban areas to promote creative tourism. Accordingly, two different analysis methods are used as well as a theoretical review. The first is case study on site and the second is Close ended questionnaire, test many concepts raised in this paper. The physical analysis on site carried out in order to evaluate the walled city restoration for touristic purpose. Besides, theoretical review is done in order to provide background to the subject and cleared Factors to attract tourists.
Abstract: Hydrologic models are increasingly used as tools to
predict stormwater quantity and quality from urban catchments.
However, due to a range of practical issues, most models produce
gross errors in simulating complex hydraulic and hydrologic systems.
Difficulty in finding a robust approach for model calibration is one of
the main issues. Though automatic calibration techniques are
available, they are rarely used in common commercial hydraulic and
hydrologic modelling software e.g. MIKE URBAN. This is partly
due to the need for a large number of parameters and large datasets in
the calibration process. To overcome this practical issue, a
framework for automatic calibration of a hydrologic model was
developed in R platform and presented in this paper. The model was
developed based on the time-area conceptualization. Four calibration
parameters, including initial loss, reduction factor, time of
concentration and time-lag were considered as the primary set of
parameters. Using these parameters, automatic calibration was
performed using Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC). ABC is
a simulation-based technique for performing Bayesian inference
when the likelihood is intractable or computationally expensive to
compute. To test the performance and usefulness, the technique was
used to simulate three small catchments in Gold Coast. For
comparison, simulation outcomes from the same three catchments
using commercial modelling software, MIKE URBAN were used.
The graphical comparison shows strong agreement of MIKE URBAN
result within the upper and lower 95% credible intervals of posterior
predictions as obtained via ABC. Statistical validation for posterior
predictions of runoff result using coefficient of determination (CD),
root mean square error (RMSE) and maximum error (ME) was found
reasonable for three study catchments. The main benefit of using
ABC over MIKE URBAN is that ABC provides a posterior
distribution for runoff flow prediction, and therefore associated
uncertainty in predictions can be obtained. In contrast, MIKE
URBAN just provides a point estimate. Based on the results of the
analysis, it appears as though ABC the developed framework
performs well for automatic calibration.
Abstract: An experiment to verify the relationships between
physiological indexes of an e-learner and the presence or absence of an
operation during e-learning is described. Electroencephalogram
(EEG), hemoencephalography (HEG), skin conductance (SC), and
blood volume pulse (BVP) values were measured while participants
performed experimental learning tasks. The results show that there are
significant differences between the SC values when reading with
clicking on learning materials and the SC values when reading without
clicking, and between the HEG ratio when reading (with and without
clicking) and the HEG ratio when resting for four of five participants.
We conclude that the SC signals can be used to estimate whether or not
a learner is performing an active task and that the HEG ratios can be
used to estimate whether a learner is learning.
Abstract: The effect of upstream surface roughness over a
smooth forward facing step in an open channel was investigated
using a particle image velocimetry technique. Three different
upstream surface topographies consisting of hydraulically smooth
wall, sandpaper 36 grit and sand grains were examined. Besides the
wall roughness conditions, all other upstream flow characteristics
were kept constant. It was also observed that upstream roughness
decreased the approach velocity by 2% and 10% but increased the
turbulence intensity by 14% and 35% at the wall-normal distance
corresponding to the top plane of the step compared to smooth
upstream. The results showed that roughness decreased the
reattachment lengths by 14% and 30% compared to smooth upstream.
Although the magnitudes of maximum positive and negative
Reynolds shear stress in separated and reattached region were 0.02Ue
for all the cases, the physical size of both the maximum and
minimum contour levels were decreased by increasing upstream
roughness.
Abstract: Liquid storage tanks have become widespread during the recent decades due to their extensive usage. Analysis of liquid containing tanks is known to be complex due to hydrodynamic force exerted on tank which makes the analysis a complex one. The objective of this research is to carry out analysis of liquid domain along with structural interaction for various geometries of circular tanks considering seismic effects. An attempt has been made to determine hydrodynamic pressure distribution on the tank wall considering impulsive and convective components of liquid mass. To get a better picture, a comparative study of Draft IS 1893 Part 2, ACI 350.3 and Eurocode 8 for Circular Shaped Tank has been performed. Further, the differences in the magnitude of shear and moment at base as obtained from static (IS 3370 IV) and dynamic (Draft IS 1892 Part 2) analysis of ground supported circular tank highlight the need for us to mature from the old code to a newer code, which is more accurate and reliable.
Abstract: Social networks have recently gained a growing
interest on the web. Traditional formalisms for representing social
networks are static and suffer from the lack of semantics. In this
paper, we will show how semantic web technologies can be used to
model social data. The SemTemp ontology aligns and extends
existing ontologies such as FOAF, SIOC, SKOS and OWL-Time to
provide a temporal and semantically rich description of social data.
We also present a modeling scenario to illustrate how our ontology
can be used to model social networks.
Abstract: In order to understand whether there is a better than the
learning function of learning methods and improve the CAD Courses
for enterprise’s design human resource development, this research is
applied in learning practical learning computer graphics software. In
this study, Revit building information model for learning content,
design of two different modes of learning curriculum to learning,
learning functions, respectively, and project learning. Via a post-test,
questionnaires and student interviews, etc., to study the effectiveness
of a comparative analysis of two different modes of learning. Students
participate in a period of three weeks after a total of nine-hour course,
and finally written and hands-on test. In addition, fill in the
questionnaire response by the student learning, a total of fifteen
questionnaire title, problem type into the base operating software,
application software and software-based concept features three
directions. In addition to the questionnaire, and participants were
invited to two different learning methods to conduct interviews to
learn more about learning students the idea of two different modes.
The study found that the ad hoc short-term courses in learning, better
learning outcomes. On the other hand, functional style for the whole
course students are more satisfied, and the ad hoc style student is
difficult to accept the ad hoc style of learning.
Abstract: In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze the effect of wall window orientation on Daylight Illuminance Ratio (DIR) and energy saving in a building known as “SODHA BERS COMPLEX (SBC)” at Varanasi, UP, India. The building has been designed incorporating all passive concepts for thermal comfort as well daylighting concepts to maximize the use of natural daylighting for the occupants in the day to day activities. The annual average DIR and the energy saving has been estimated by using the DIR model for wall window with different orientations under clear sky condition. It has been found that for south oriented window the energy saving per square meter is more compared to the other orientations due to the higher level of solar insolation for the south window in northern hemisphere whereas energy saving potential is minimum for north oriented wall window. The energy saving potential was 26%, 81% and 51% higher for east, south and west oriented window in comparison to north oriented window. The average annual DIR has same trends of variation as the annual energy saving and it is maximum for south oriented window and minimum for north oriented window.
Abstract: The effectiveness of microchannels in enhancing heat
transfer has been demonstrated in the semiconductor industry. In
order to tap the microscale heat transfer effects into macro
geometries, overcoming the cost and technological constraints,
microscale passages were created in macro geometries machined
using conventional fabrication methods. A cylindrical insert was
placed within a pipe, and geometrical profiles were created on the
outer surface of the insert to enhance heat transfer under steady-state
single-phase liquid flow conditions. However, while heat transfer
coefficient values of above 10 kW/m2·K were achieved, the heat
transfer enhancement was accompanied by undesirable pressure drop
increment. Therefore, this study aims to address the high pressure
drop issue using Constructal theory, a universal design law for both
animate and inanimate systems. Two designs based on Constructal theory were developed to study
the effectiveness of Constructal features in reducing the pressure drop
increment as compared to parallel channels, which are commonly
found in microchannel fabrication. The hydrodynamic and heat
transfer performance for the Tree insert and Constructal fin (Cfin)
insert were studied using experimental methods, and the underlying
mechanisms were substantiated by numerical results. In technical
terms, the objective is to achieve at least comparable increment in
both heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop, if not higher
increment in the former parameter. Results show that the Tree insert improved the heat transfer
performance by more than 16 percent at low flow rates, as compared
to the Tree-parallel insert. However, the heat transfer enhancement
reduced to less than 5 percent at high Reynolds numbers. On the
other hand, the pressure drop increment stayed almost constant at 20
percent. This suggests that the Tree insert has better heat transfer
performance in the low Reynolds number region. More importantly,
the Cfin insert displayed improved heat transfer performance along
with favourable hydrodynamic performance, as compared to Cfinparallel
insert, at all flow rates in this study. At 2 L/min, the
enhancement of heat transfer was more than 30 percent, with 20
percent pressure drop increment, as compared to Cfin-parallel insert.
Furthermore, comparable increment in both heat transfer coefficient
and pressure drop was observed at 8 L/min. In other words, the Cfin
insert successfully achieved the objective of this study. Analysis of the results suggests that bifurcation of flows is
effective in reducing the increment in pressure drop relative to heat
transfer enhancement. Optimising the geometries of the Constructal
fins is therefore the potential future study in achieving a bigger stride
in energy efficiency at much lower costs.
Abstract: Flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD) is a waste
material arouse from coal power plants. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a
biomaterial with porous structure. In this study, FGD gypsum which
retrieved from coal power plant in Turkey was characterized and
HAP particles which can be used as an adsorbent in wastewater
treatment application were synthesized from the FGD gypsum. The
raw materials are characterized by using X Ray Diffraction (XRD)
and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques and
produced HAP are characterized by using XRD. As a result, HAP
particles were synthesized at the molar ratio of 5:10, 5:15, 5:20, 5:24,
at room temperature, in alkaline medium (pH=11) and in 1 hour-reaction
time. Among these conditions, 5:20 had the best result.
Abstract: The objective of this research is to mitigate and prevent
the alkali silica reactivity (ASR) in highway construction projects.
ASR is a deleterious reaction initiated when the silica content of the
aggregate reacts with alkali hydroxides in cement in the presence of
relatively high moisture content. The ASR results in the formation of
an expansive white colored gel-like material which forms the
destructive tensile stresses inside hardened concrete. In this research, different types of local aggregates available in the
State of Arkansas were mixed and mortar bars were poured according
to the ASTM specifications. Mortar bars expansion was measured
versus time and aggregates with potential ASR problems were
detected. Different types of supplementary cementitious materials
(SCMs) were used in remixing mortar bars with highly reactive
aggregates. Length changes for remixed bars proved that different
types of SCMs can be successfully used in reducing the expansive
effect of ASR. SCMs percentage by weight is highly dependent on
the SCM type. The result of this study will help avoiding future
losses due to ASR cracking in construction project and reduce the
maintenance, repair, and replacement budgets required for highways
network.
Abstract: Digital technologies offer many opportunities in the
design and implementation of brand communication and advertising.
Augmented reality (AR) is an innovative technology in marketing
communication that focuses on the fact that virtual interaction with a
product ad offers additional value to consumers. AR enables
consumers to obtain (almost) real product experiences by the way of
virtual information even before the purchase of a certain product.
Aim of AR applications in relation with advertising is in-depth
examination of product characteristics to enhance product knowledge
as well as brand knowledge. Interactive design of advertising
provides observers with an intense examination of a specific
advertising message and therefore leads to better brand knowledge.
The elaboration likelihood model and the central route to persuasion
strongly support this argumentation. Nevertheless, AR in brand
communication is still in an initial stage and therefore scientific
findings about the impact of AR on information processing and brand
attitude are rare. The aim of this paper is to empirically investigate
the potential of AR applications in combination with traditional print
advertising. To that effect an experimental design with different
levels of interactivity is built to measure the impact of interactivity of
an ad on different variables o advertising effectiveness.