Abstract: The gustatory system allows animals to distinguish
varieties of food and affects greatly the consumption of food, hence
the health and growth of animals. In the current study, we
investigated the histogenesis of vallate papillae (VLP) in the rabbit
tongue using light and scanning electron microscopy. Samples were
obtained from rabbit embryos at the embryonic days 16-30 (E16-30),
and from newborns until maturity; 6 months. At E16, the first
primordia of vallate papillae were observed as small pits on the
surface epithelium of the tongue-s root. At E18, the caudal part was
prominent with loose mesenchymal tissue core; meanwhile the rostral
part of the papilla was remained as a thick mass of epithelial cells. At
E20-24, the side epithelium formed the primitive annular groove. At
E26, the primitive taste buds appeared only at the papillary surface
and reached their maturity by E28. The annular groove started to
appear at E26 became more defined at E28. The definitive vallate
papillae with substantial number of apparently mature taste buds
were observed by the end of the second week. We conclude that the
vallate papillae develop early and mature during the early postnatal
life.
Abstract: The main goal of this seminal paper is to introduce the
application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in long distance
infrastructure monitoring (in particular in pipeline infrastructure
monitoring) – one of the on-going research projects by the Wireless
Communication Research Group at the department of Electronic and
Computer Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The
current sensor network architectures for monitoring long distance
pipeline infrastructures are previewed. These are wired sensor
networks, RF wireless sensor networks, integrated wired and wireless
sensor networks. The reliability of these architectures is discussed.
Three reliability factors are used to compare the architectures in
terms of network connectivity, continuity of power supply for the
network, and the maintainability of the network. The constraints and
challenges of wireless sensor networks for monitoring and protecting
long distance pipeline infrastructure are discussed.
Abstract: This paper explores the implementation of adaptive
coding and modulation schemes for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) feedback
systems. Adaptive coding and modulation enables robust and
spectrally-efficient transmission over time-varying channels. The basic
premise is to estimate the channel at the receiver and feed this estimate
back to the transmitter, so that the transmission scheme can be
adapted relative to the channel characteristics. Two types of codebook
based channel feedback techniques are used in this work. The longterm
and short-term CSI at the transmitter is used for efficient channel
utilization. OFDM is a powerful technique employed in communication
systems suffering from frequency selectivity. Combined with
multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver, OFDM proves to be
robust against delay spread. Moreover, it leads to significant data rates
with improved bit error performance over links having only a single
antenna at both the transmitter and receiver. The coded modulation
increases the effective transmit power relative to uncoded variablerate
variable-power MQAM performance for MIMO-OFDM feedback
system. Hence proposed arrangement becomes an attractive approach
to achieve enhanced spectral efficiency and improved error rate
performance for next generation high speed wireless communication
systems.
Abstract: Cross layer optimization based on utility functions has
been recently studied extensively, meanwhile, numerous types of
utility functions have been examined in the corresponding literature.
However, a major drawback is that most utility functions take a fixed
mathematical form or are based on simple combining, which can
not fully exploit available information. In this paper, we formulate a
framework of cross layer optimization based on Adaptively Weighted
Utility Functions (AWUF) for fairness balancing in OFDMA networks.
Under this framework, a two-step allocation algorithm is
provided as a sub-optimal solution, whose control parameters can be
updated in real-time to accommodate instantaneous QoS constrains.
The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves
high throughput while balancing the fairness among multiple users.
Abstract: Mining frequent tree patterns have many useful
applications in XML mining, bioinformatics, network routing, etc.
Most of the frequent subtree mining algorithms (i.e. FREQT,
TreeMiner and CMTreeMiner) use anti-monotone property in the
phase of candidate subtree generation. However, none of these
algorithms have verified the correctness of this property in tree
structured data. In this research it is shown that anti-monotonicity
does not generally hold, when using weighed support in tree pattern
discovery. As a result, tree mining algorithms that are based on this
property would probably miss some of the valid frequent subtree
patterns in a collection of trees. In this paper, we investigate the
correctness of anti-monotone property for the problem of weighted
frequent subtree mining. In addition we propose W3-Miner, a new
algorithm for full extraction of frequent subtrees. The experimental
results confirm that W3-Miner finds some frequent subtrees that the
previously proposed algorithms are not able to discover.
Abstract: Education in the modern world provides the socioeconomic
progress of society. In today's society, where the presence
of large middle class ensures its stability and is a symbol of
resolution of hidden economic problems, education is an integral part
of formation and reproduction of the middle class. This article presents part of results of the sociological study conducted under the
project "Kazakhstan model of education: international experience and national traditions" supported by the Foundation of the First President
of Republic of Kazakhstan - Leader of the Nation to determine the
ratio of students to the transformations of the educational system. The
authors conclude that the Kazakhstani system of education, passing
through the transformation processes, improving the quality of
educational programs and trying to correspond to the international
standards, not yet in full range, but begins to perform important
functions in the formation of the middle class.
Abstract: This research aimed at investigating the Cr (III), Cd
(II) and Pb (II) removal efficiencies by using the newly synthesized
metal oxides/ polyethersulfone (PES), Al2O3/PES and ZrO2/PES,
membranes from synthetic wastewater and exploring fouling
mechanisms. A Comparative study between the removal efficiencies
of Cr (III), Cd (II) and Pb (II) from synthetic and natural wastewater
by using adsorption onto agricultural by products and the newly
synthesized Al2O3/PES and ZrO2/PES membranes was conducted to
assess the advantages and limitations of using the metal oxides/PES
membranes for heavy metals removal. The results showed that about
99 % and 88 % removal efficiencies were achieved by the tested
membranes for Pb (II) and Cr (III), respectively.
Abstract: Semantic query optimization consists in restricting the
search space in order to reduce the set of objects of interest for a
query. This paper presents an indexing method based on UB-trees
and a static analysis of the constraints associated to the views of the
database and to any constraint expressed on attributes. The result of
the static analysis is a partitioning of the object space into disjoint
blocks. Through Space Filling Curve (SFC) techniques, each
fragment (block) of the partition is assigned a unique identifier,
enabling the efficient indexing of fragments by UB-trees. The search
space corresponding to a range query is restricted to a subset of the
blocks of the partition. This approach has been developed in the
context of a KB-DBMS but it can be applied to any relational
system.
Abstract: Candida spp. are common and aggressive pathogens. Because of the growing resistance of Candida spp. to current antifungals, novel targets, found in Candida spp. but not in humans or other flora, have to be identified. The alternative oxidase (AOX) is one such possibility. This enzyme is insensitive to cyanide, but is sensitive to compounds such as salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), disulfiram and n-alkyl gallates. The growth each of six Candida spp. was inhibited significantly by ~13 mM SHAM or 2 mM cyanide, albeit to differing extents. In C. dubliniensis, C. krusei and C. tropicalis the rate of O2 uptake was inhibited by 18-36% by 25 mM SHAM, but this had little or no effect on C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii or C. parapsilosis. Although SHAM substantially inhibited the growth of Candida spp., it is unlikely that the inhibition of AOX was the cause. Salicylhydroxamic acid is used therapeutically in the treatment of urinary tract infections and urolithiasis, but it also has some potential in the treatment of Candida spp. infection.
Abstract: Retinoic acid is like a steroid hormone that plays a
role in embryo formation, proliferation of spermatogonia cells,
ephitelial cells differentiation and organogenesis. Retinoic acid can
influences seminiferous tubule formation during embryonic testis
development and also play a role in the regulation of ovarian function
and female reproductive tract by suppressing the hormones FSH
receptor expression. The excessive use of retinoic acid caused
abnormalities in the fetus. The result showed that there is the
influence of retinoic acid on the developmet of mice fetal testes, for
examples disruption of the formation of seminiferous tubules and
tubules seemed to be hollow, spermatogonia cells are relatively few
in number and caused Leydig cells count relatively more. While in
the female fetus does not caused the formation of primordial follicles
and disrupted the development of germinal ephitelial cells of fetal
ovaries of female mice (mus musculus) Swiss Webster.
Abstract: In the last decade, energy based control theory has undergone a significant breakthrough in dealing with underactated mechanical systems with two successful and similar tools, controlled Lagrangians and controlled Hamiltanians (IDA-PBC). However, because of the complexity of these tools, successful case studies are lacking, in particular, MIMO cases. The seminal theoretical paper of controlled Lagrangians proposed by Bloch and his colleagues presented a benchmark example–a 4 d.o.f underactuated pendulum on a cart but a detailed and completed design is neglected. To compensate this ignorance, the note revisit their design idea by addressing explicit control functions for a similar device motivated by a vector thrust body hovering in the air. To the best of our knowledge, this system is the first MIMO, underactuated example that is stabilized by using energy based tools at the courtesy of the original design idea. Some observations are given based on computer simulation.
Abstract: We propose a method for discrimination and
classification of ovarian with benign, malignant and normal tissue
using independent component analysis and neural networks. The
method was tested for a proteomic patters set from A database, and
radial basis functions neural networks. The best performance was
obtained with probabilistic neural networks, resulting I 99% success
rate, with 98% of specificity e 100% of sensitivity.
Abstract: Moral decisions are considered as an intuitive process,
while conscious reasoning is mostly used only to justify those
intuitions. This problem is described in few different dual-process
theories of mind, that are being developed e.g. by Frederick and
Kahneman, Stanovich and Evans. Those theories recently evolved
into tri-process theories with a proposed process that makes ultimate
decision or allows to paraformal processing with focal bias..
Presented experiment compares the decision patterns to the
implications of those models.
In presented study participants (n=179) considered different
aspects of trolley dilemma or its footbridge version and decided after
that.
Results show that in the control group 70% of people decided to
use the lever to change tracks for the running trolley, and 20% chose
to push the fat man down the tracks. In contrast, after experimental
manipulation almost no one decided to act. Also the decision time
difference between dilemmas disappeared after experimental
manipulation.
The result supports the idea of three co-working processes:
intuitive (TASS), paraformal (reflective mind) and algorithmic
process.
Abstract: The direct sewage sludge application is a relative
cheap method for their liquidation. In the past heavy metal contents
increase in soils treated with sewage sludge was observed. In 2003
there was acceptance on act n.188/2003 about sewage sludge
application on soils. The basic philosophy of act is a safety of the
environmental proof of sludge application on soils. The samples of
soils from wastewater treatment plant (WTP) Poprad (35) and WTP
Michalovce (33 samples) were analyzed which were chosen for
sludge application on soils. According to the results only 14 areas for
Poprad and 25 areas for Michalovce are suitable for sludge
application according to act No. 188/2003. The application dose of
sludge was calculated 50 t.ha-1 or 75 t. ha-1 once in 5 years to ensure
that heavy metal contents in treated soils will be kept.
Abstract: A pilot plant for continuous flow microwave-assisted
chemical reaction combined with microreactors was developed and
water heating tests were conducted for evaluation of the developed
plant. We developed a microwave apparatus having a single
microwave generator that can heat reaction solutions in four reaction
fields simultaneously in order to increase throughput. We also
designed a four-branch waveguide using electromagnetic simulation,
and found that the transmission efficiency at 99%. Finally, we
developed the pilot plant using the developed microwave apparatus
and conducted water heating tests. The temperatures in the respective
reaction fields were controlled within ±1.1 K at 353.2 K. Moreover,
the energy absorption rates by the water were about 90% in the
respective reaction fields, whereas the energy absorption rate was
about 40% when 100 cm3 of water was heated by a commercially
available multimode microwave chemical reactor.
Abstract: The objective of this contribution is to study the
performances in terms of bit error rate, of space-time code algorithms
applied to MIMO communication in tunnels. Indeed, the channel
characteristics in a tunnel are quite different than those of urban or
indoor environment, due to the guiding effect of the tunnel.
Therefore, MIMO channel matrices have been measured in a straight
tunnel, in a frequency band around 3GHz. Correlation between array
elements and properties of the MIMO matrices are first studied as a
function of the distance between the transmitter and the receiver.
Then, owing to a software tool simulating the link, predicted values
of bit error rate are given for VLAST, OSTBC and QSTBC
algorithms applied to a MIMO configuration with 2 or 4 array
elements. Results are interpreted from the analysis of the channel
properties.
Abstract: Regarding the multi-media property of internet and the facilities that can be provided for the users, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the users- behavioral patterns and the impact of internet on taboos of marriage. For this purpose a survey technique on the sample size amounted 403 students of governmental guidance schools of city of Mashhad in country of Iran were considered. The results showed, the process of using various internet environments depends on the degree of the users- familiarity with these sites. In order to clarify the effects of the Internet on the taboos of marriage, the non – internet parameters also considered to be controlled. The ttest held among the internet users and non-users, indicated that internet users possess lower taboos of marriage. Extraction of the effects of internet via considering the effects of non-internet parameters, indicate that addiction to the internet, creating a cordial atmosphere, emotional communication, and message attractive factors have significant effects on the family's traditional values.
Abstract: This paper presents the new results of energy plant –
rye and triticale at yellow ripeness and ripe, pre-treatment in high
pressure steam reactor and monosaccharide extraction. There were
investigated the influence of steam pressure (20 to 22 bar), retention
duration (180 to 240 s) and catalytic sulphuric acid concentration
strength (0 to 0.5 %) on the pre-treatment process, contents of
monosaccharides (glucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose) and
undesirable by-compounds (furfural and HMF) in the reactor. The
study has determined that the largest amount of monosaccharides
(37.2 % of glucose, 2.7 % of arabinose, 8.4 % of xylose, and 1.3 %
of mannose) was received in the rye at ripe, the samples of which
were mixed with 0.5 % concentration of catalytic sulphuric acid, and
hydrolysed in the reactor, where the pressure was 20 bar, whereas the
reaction time – 240 s.
Abstract: In this paper, an analytical approach is used to study the coupled lateral-torsional vibrations of laminated composite beam. It is known that in such structures due to the fibers orientation in various layers, any lateral displacement will produce a twisting moment. This phenomenon is modeled by the bending-twisting material coupling rigidity and its main feature is the coupling of lateral and torsional vibrations. In addition to the material coupling, the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia are taken into account in the definition of the potential and kinetic energies. Then, the governing differential equations are derived using the Hamilton-s principle and the mathematical model matches the Timoshenko beam model when neglecting the effect of bending-twisting rigidity. The equations of motion which form a system of three coupled PDEs are solved analytically to study the free vibrations of the beam in lateral and rotational modes due to the bending, as well as the torsional mode caused by twisting. The analytic solution is carried out in three steps: 1) assuming synchronous motion for the kinematic variables which are the lateral, rotational and torsional displacements, 2) solving the ensuing eigenvalue problem which contains three coupled second order ODEs and 3) imposing different boundary conditions related to combinations of simply, clamped and free end conditions. The resulting natural frequencies and mode shapes are compared with similar results in the literature and good agreement is achieved.
Abstract: This paper compares the recent transformerless ACDC
power converter architectures and provides an assessment of
each. A prototype of one of the transformerless AC-DC converter
architecture is also presented depicting the feasibility of a small form
factor, power supply design. In this paper component selection
guidelines to achieve high efficiency AC-DC power conversion are
also discussed.