Abstract: Server provisioning is one of the most attractive topics in virtualization systems. Virtualization is a method of running multiple independent virtual operating systems on a single physical computer. It is a way of maximizing physical resources to maximize the investment in hardware. Additionally, it can help to consolidate servers, improve hardware utilization and reduce the consumption of power and physical space in the data center. However, management of heterogeneous workloads, especially for resource utilization of the server, or so called provisioning becomes a challenge. In this paper, a new concept for managing workloads based on user behavior is presented. The experimental results show that user behaviors are different in each type of service workload and time. Understanding user behaviors may improve the efficiency of management in provisioning concept. This preliminary study may be an approach to improve management of data centers running heterogeneous workloads for provisioning in virtualization system.
Abstract: A nonlinear model of two-beam free-electron laser
(FEL) in the absence of slippage is presented. The two beams are
assumed to be cold with different energies and the fundamental
resonance of the higher energy beam is at the third harmonic of lower
energy beam. By using Maxwell-s equations and full Lorentz force
equations of motion for the electron beams, coupled differential
equations are derived and solved numerically by the fourth order
Runge–Kutta method. In this method a considerable growth of third
harmonic electromagnetic field in the XUV and X-ray regions is
predicted.
Abstract: The Constraints imposed by non-thermal
leptogenesis on the survival of the neutrino mass models describing
the presently available neutrino mass patterns, are studied
numerically. We consider the Majorana CP violating phases coming
from right-handed Majorana mass matrices to estimate the baryon
asymmetry of the universe, for different neutrino mass models
namely quasi-degenerate, inverted hierarchical and normal
hierarchical models, with tribimaximal mixings. Considering two
possible diagonal forms of Dirac neutrino mass matrix as either
charged lepton or up-quark mass matrix, the heavy right-handed
mass matrices are constructed from the light neutrino mass matrix.
Only the normal hierarchical model leads to the best predictions of
baryon asymmetry of the universe, consistent with observations in
non-thermal leptogenesis scenario.
Abstract: Depressurization and pressurization streams in
industrial systems constitute a work exchange network (WEN). In this
paper, a novel graphical approach for targeting energy conservation
potential of a WEN is proposed. Through constructing the composite
work curves in the pressure-work diagram and assuming all of the
mechanical energy of the depressurization streams is recovered by
expanders, the maximum work target of a WEN can be determined via
the proposed targeting steps. A WEN in an ammonia production
process is used as a case study to illustrate the applicability of the
proposed graphical approach.
Abstract: Visual information is very important in human perception
of surrounding world. Video is one of the most common ways to
capture visual information. The video capability has many benefits
and can be used in various applications. For the most part, the
video information is used to bring entertainment and help to relax,
moreover, it can improve the quality of life of deaf people. Visual
information is crucial for hearing impaired people, it allows them to
communicate personally, using the sign language; some parts of the
person being spoken to, are more important than others (e.g. hands,
face). Therefore, the information about visually relevant parts of the
image, allows us to design objective metric for this specific case. In
this paper, we present an example of an objective metric based on
human visual attention and detection of salient object in the observed
scene.
Abstract: A simple network model is developed in OPNET to
study the performance of the Wi-Fi protocol. The model is simulated
in OPNET and performance factors such as load, throughput and delay
are analysed from the model. Four applications such as oracle, http, ftp
and voice are applied over the Wireless LAN network to determine the
throughput. The voice application utilises a considerable amount of
bandwidth of up to 5Mbps, as a result the 802.11g standard of the
Wi-Fi protocol was chosen which can support a data rate of up to
54Mbps. Results indicate that when the load in the Wi-Fi network is
increased the queuing delay on the point-to-point links in the Wi-Fi
network significantly reduces until it is comparable to that of WiMAX.
In conclusion, the queuing delay of the Wi-Fi protocol for the network
model simulated was about 0.00001secs comparable to WiMAX
network values.
Abstract: Acute toxicity of nano SiO2, ZnO, MCM-41 (Meso
pore silica), Cu, Multi Wall Carbon Nano Tube (MWCNT), Single
Wall Carbon Nano Tube (SWCNT) , Fe (Coated) to bacteria Vibrio
fischeri using a homemade luminometer , was evaluated. The values
of the nominal effective concentrations (EC), causing 20% and 50%
inhibition of biouminescence, using two mathematical models at two
times of 5 and 30 minutes were calculated. Luminometer was
designed with Photomultiplier (PMT) detector. Luminol
chemiluminescence reaction was carried out for the calibration graph.
In the linear calibration range, the correlation coefficients and
coefficient of Variation (CV) were 0.988 and 3.21% respectively
which demonstrate the accuracy and reproducibility of the instrument
that are suitable. The important part of this research depends on how
to optimize the best condition for maximum bioluminescence. The
culture of Vibrio fischeri with optimal conditions in liquid media,
were stirring at 120 rpm at a temperature of 150C to 180C and were
incubated for 24 to 72 hours while solid medium was held at 180C
and for 48 hours. Suspension of nanoparticles ZnO, after 30 min
contact time to bacteria Vibrio fischeri, showed the highest toxicity
while SiO2 nanoparticles showed the lowest toxicity. After 5 min
exposure time, the toxicity of ZnO was the strongest and MCM-41
was the weakest toxicant component.
Abstract: This paper presents the hardware design of a unified
architecture to compute the 4x4, 8x8 and 16x16 efficient twodimensional
(2-D) transform for the HEVC standard. This
architecture is based on fast integer transform algorithms. It is
designed only with adders and shifts in order to reduce the hardware
cost significantly. The goal is to ensure the maximum circuit reuse
during the computing while saving 40% for the number of operations.
The architecture is developed using FIFOs to compute the second
dimension. The proposed hardware was implemented in VHDL. The
VHDL RTL code works at 240 MHZ in an Altera Stratix III FPGA.
The number of cycles in this architecture varies from 33 in 4-point-
2D-DCT to 172 when the 16-point-2D-DCT is computed. Results
show frequency improvements reaching 96% when compared to an
architecture described as the direct transcription of the algorithm.
Abstract: The decision of information technology (IT) outsourcing requires close attention to the evaluation of supplier selection process because the selection decision involves conflicting multiple criteria and is replete with complex decision making problems. Selecting the most appropriate suppliers is considered an important strategic decision that may impact the performance of outsourcing engagements. The objective of this paper is to aid decision makers to evaluate and assess possible IT outsourcing suppliers. An axiomatic design based fuzzy group decision making is adopted to evaluate supplier alternatives. Finally, a case study is given to demonstrate the potential of the methodology. KeywordsIT outsourcing, Supplier selection, Multi-criteria decision making, Axiomatic design, Fuzzy logic.
Abstract: The efficiency of an image watermarking technique depends on the preservation of visually significant information. This is attained by embedding the watermark transparently with the maximum possible strength. The current paper presents an approach for still image digital watermarking in which the watermark embedding process employs the wavelet transform and incorporates Human Visual System (HVS) characteristics. The sensitivity of a human observer to contrast with respect to spatial frequency is described by the Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF). The strength of the watermark within the decomposition subbands, which occupy an interval on the spatial frequencies, is adjusted according to this sensitivity. Moreover, the watermark embedding process is carried over the subband coefficients that lie on edges where distortions are less noticeable. The experimental evaluation of the proposed method shows very good results in terms of robustness and transparency.
Abstract: We present a numerical study of the sensitivity of the so called time relaxation family of models of fluid motion with respect to the time relaxation parameter χ on the two dimensional cavity problem. The goal of the study is to compute and compare the sensitivity of the model using finite difference method (FFD) and sensitivity equation method (SEM).
Abstract: This work presents a comparison between the Annual
Energy Output (AEO) of two commercial vertical-axis wind turbines
(VAWTs) for a low-wind urban site: both a drag-driven and a liftdriven
concepts are examined in order to be installed on top of the
new Via dei Giustinelli building, Trieste (Italy). The power-curves,
taken from the product specification sheets, have been matched to the
wind characteristics of the selected installation site. The influence of
rotor swept area and rated power on the performance of the two
proposed wind turbines have been examined in detail, achieving a
correlation between rotor swept area, electrical generator size and
wind distribution, to be used as a guideline for the calculation of the
AEO.
Abstract: BEAMnrc was used to calculate the spectrum and
HVL for X-ray Beam during low energy X-ray radiation using tube model: SRO 33/100 /ROT 350 Philips. The results of BEAMnrc
simulation and measurements were compared to the IPEM report
number 78 and SpekCalc software. Three energies 127, 103 and 84
Kv were used. In these simulation a tungsten anode with 1.2 mm for
Be window were used as source. HVLs were calculated from
BEAMnrc spectrum with air Kerma method for four different filters.
For BEAMnrc one billion particles were used as original particles for
all simulations. The results show that for 127 kV, there was
maximum 5.2 % difference between BEAMnrc and Measurements
and minimum was 0.7% .the maximum 9.1% difference between
BEAMnrc and IPEM and minimum was 2.3% .The maximum
difference was 3.2% between BEAMnrc and SpekCal and minimum
was 2.8%. The result show BEAMnrc was able to satisfactory predict
the quantities of Low energy Beam as well as high energy X-ray
radiation.
Abstract: The experimental results on combustion of rice husk
in a conical fluidized bed combustor (referred to as the conical FBC)
using silica sand as the bed material are presented in this paper. The
effects of excess combustion air and combustor loading as well as the
sand bed height on the combustion pattern in FBC were investigated.
Temperatures and gas concentrations (CO and NO) along over the
combustor height as well as in the flue gas downstream from the ash
collecting cyclone were measured. The results showed that the axial
temperature profiles in FBC were explicitly affected by the
combustor loading whereas the excess air and bed height were found
to have minor influences on the temperature pattern. Meanwhile, the
combustor loading and the excess air significantly affected the axial
CO and NO concentration profiles; however, these profiles were
almost independent of the bed height. The combustion and thermal
efficiencies for this FBC were quantified for different operating
conditions.
Abstract: Temperature, humidity and precipitation in an area,
are parameters proved influential in the climate of that area, and one
should recognize them so that he can determine the climate of that
area. Climate changes are of primary importance in climatology, and
in recent years, have been of great concern to researchers and even
politicians and organizations, for they can play an important role in
social, political and economic activities. Even though the real cause
of climate changes or their stability is not yet fully recognized, they
are a matter of concern to researchers and their importance for
countries has prompted them to investigate climate changes in
different levels, especially in regional, national and continental level.
This issue has less been investigated in our country. However, in
recent years, there have been some researches and conferences on
climate changes. This study is also in line with such researches and
tries to investigate and analyze the trends of climate changes
(temperature and precipitation) in Sefid-roud (the name of a river)
basin. Three parameters of mean annual precipitation, temperature,
and maximum and minimum temperatures in 36 synoptic and
climatology stations in a statistical period of 49 years (1956-2005) in
the stations of Sefid-roud basin were analyzed by Mann-Kendall test.
The results obtained by data analysis show that climate changes are
short term and have a trend. The analysis of mean temperature
revealed that changes have a significantly rising trend, besides the
precipitation has a significantly falling trend.
Abstract: The purpose of the present work was to study the
production and process parameters optimization for the synthesis of
cellulase from Trichoderma viride in solid state fermentation (SSF)
using an agricultural wheat straw as substrates; as fungal conversion
of lignocellulosic biomass for cellulase production is one among the
major increasing demand for various biotechnological applications.
An optimization of process parameters is a necessary step to get
higher yield of product. Several kinetic parameters like pretreatment,
extraction solvent, substrate concentration, initial moisture content,
pH, incubation temperature and inoculum size were optimized for
enhanced production of third most demanded industrially important
cellulase. The maximum cellulase enzyme activity 398.10±2.43
μM/mL/min was achieved when proximally analyzed lignocellulosic
substrate wheat straw inocubated at 2% HCl as pretreatment tool
along with distilled water as extraction solvent, 3% substrate
concentration 40% moisture content with optimum pH 5.5 at 45°C
incubation temperature and 10% inoculum size.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a routing scheme that guarantees
the residual lifetime of wireless sensor networks where each
sensor node operates with a limited budget of battery energy. The
scheme maximizes the communications QoS while sustaining the
residual battery lifetime of the network for a specified duration.
Communication paths of wireless nodes are translated into a directed
acyclic graph(DAG) and the maximum-flow algorithm is applied to
the graph. The found maximum flow are assigned to sender nodes, so
as to maximize their communication QoS. Based on assigned flows,
the scheme determines the routing path and the transmission rate of
data packet so that any sensor node on the path would not exhaust
its battery energy before a specified duration.
Abstract: Numerical parametric study is conducted to study the effects of ampoule rotation on the flows and the dopant segregation in vertical bridgman (vb) crystal growth. Calculations were performed in unsteady state. The extended darcy model, which includes the time derivative and coriolis terms, has been employed in the momentum equation. It’s found that the convection, and dopant segregation can be affected significantly by ampoule rotation, and the effect is similar to that by an axial magnetic field. Ampoule rotation decreases the intensity of convection and stretches the flow cell axially. When the convection is weak, the flow can be suppressed almost completely by moderate ampoule rotation and the dopant segregation becomes diffusion-controlled. For stronger convection, the elongated flow cell by ampoule rotation may bring dopant mixing into the bulk melt reducing axial segregation at the early stage of the growth. However, if the cellular flow cannot be suppressed completely, ampoule rotation may induce larger radial segregation due to poor mixing.
Abstract: This paper proposes a low-voltage and low-power
fully integrated digitally tuned continuous-time channel selection
filter for WiMAX applications. A 5th-order elliptic low-pass filter is
realized in a Gm-C topology. The bandwidth of the fully differential
filter is reconfigurable from 2.5MHz to 20MHz (8x) for different
requirements in WiMAX applications. The filter is simulated in a
standard 90nm CMOS process. Simulation results show the THD
(@Vout =100mVpp) is less than -66dB. The in-band ripple of the
filter is about 0.15dB. The filter consumes 1.5mW from a supply
voltage of 0.9V.
Abstract: A registration framework for image-guided robotic
surgery is proposed for three emergency neurosurgical procedures,
namely Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Monitoring, External Ventricular
Drainage (EVD) and evacuation of a Chronic Subdural Haematoma
(CSDH). The registration paradigm uses CT and white light as
modalities. This paper presents two simulation studies for a
preliminary evaluation of the registration protocol: (1) The loci of the
Target Registration Error (TRE) in the patient-s axial, coronal and
sagittal views were simulated based on a Fiducial Localisation Error
(FLE) of 5 mm and (2) Simulation of the actual framework using
projected views from a surface rendered CT model to represent white
light images of the patient. Craniofacial features were employed as
the registration basis to map the CT space onto the simulated
intraoperative space. Photogrammetry experiments on an artificial
skull were also performed to benchmark the results obtained from the
second simulation. The results of both simulations show that the
proposed protocol can provide a 5mm accuracy for these
neurosurgical procedures.