Comparison between Lift and Drag-Driven VAWT Concepts on Low-Wind Site AEO
This work presents a comparison between the Annual
Energy Output (AEO) of two commercial vertical-axis wind turbines
(VAWTs) for a low-wind urban site: both a drag-driven and a liftdriven
concepts are examined in order to be installed on top of the
new Via dei Giustinelli building, Trieste (Italy). The power-curves,
taken from the product specification sheets, have been matched to the
wind characteristics of the selected installation site. The influence of
rotor swept area and rated power on the performance of the two
proposed wind turbines have been examined in detail, achieving a
correlation between rotor swept area, electrical generator size and
wind distribution, to be used as a guideline for the calculation of the
AEO.
[1] Commission of the European Union, Energy for the future, renewable
sources of energy - White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action
Plan, COM (97) 559 final, 1997.
[2] N. Campbell, S. Stankovic, M. Graham, P. Parkin, M. van Duijvendijk,
T. de Gruiter, S. Behling, J. Hieber, M. Blanch, "Wind Energy for the
Built Environment (Project WEB)", European Wind Energy Conference
& Exhibition, Copenhagen, 2-6 July 2011.
[3] A. S. Bahaj, L. Meyers, P. A. B. James, "Urban energy generation:
Influence of micro-wind turbine output on electricity consumptions in
buildings", Energy and Buildings, Vol. 39, Issue 2, February 2007, pp.
154-165.
[4] S. Mertens, Wind Energy in the built environment, Multiscience
Publishiong, 2006.
[5] S. Stankovic, N. Campbell, A. Harries, Urban wind energy, Earthscan,
2009.
[6] G. J. W. van Bussel, S. M. Mertens, "Small wind turbines for the built
environment", EACWE4 - The Fourth European & African Conference
on Wind Engineering, Prague, 11-15 July, 2005.
[7] M. A. Heat, J. D. Walshe, S. J. Watson, "Estimating the potential yield
of small building-mounted wind turbines", Wind Energy, Vol. 10, Issue
2, May/June 2007, pp. 271-287.
[8] Raciti Castelli, M., Villa A., Benini, E., "CFD Analysis of the Influence
of Central Shaft on Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Noise Emission",
Fourth International Meeting on Wind Turbine Noise, 12-14 April
2011, Rome (Italy).
[9] S. Mertens, "Wind energy in urban areas: Concentrator effects for wind
turbines close to buildings", Refocus, Vol. 3, Issue 2, March-April
2002, pp. 22-24.
[10] Llombart, A., Watson, S. J., Llombart, D., Fandos, J. M., "Power Curve
Characterization I: Improving the Bin Method", 2006 International
Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality ICREPQ-06,
Palma de Mallorca, 5-7 April, 2006.
[11] Llombart, A., Watson, S. J., Llombart, D., Fandos, J. M., "Power Curve
Characterization II - Modelling using Polynomial Regression", 2006
International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality
ICREPQ-06, Palma de Mallorca, 5-7 April, 2006.
[12] Llombart-Estopinan, A., "Improving the Operation and Maintenance of
Wind Farms: Determination of Wind Turbine Performance", 2008
International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality
ICREPQ-08, Santander, 12-14 March, 2008.
[13] International Standard IEC 61400-12, Wind Turbine Generator Systems
- Part 12: Wind Turbine Power Performance Testing, IEC 1998.
[14] Gipe, P., Wind Power - Renewable Energy for Home, farm and
Business, Chelsea Green Publishing Company, First printing: march
2004, p. 93.
[15] Hau E., Wind Turbines - Fundamentals, Technologies, Application,
Economics, 2nd Edition, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006, p. 71.
[16] Manwell, J. F., McGowan J. G., Rogers A. L., Wind Energy Explained:
Theory, Design and Application, John Wiley and Sons, 2010, p. 146.
[17] Dominy, R., Lunt, P., Bickerdyke, A., Dominy, J., "Self-Strating
Capability of a Darrieus Turbine," JPE340@IMechE 2007, Proc.
IMechE Vol. 221 Part A: J. Power and Energy.
[18] http://www.quietrevolution.com/
[19] http://www.windside.com/
[20] Varying Authors, Qr5 Vertical axis Wind Turbine - Product
Specification, Quiterevolution ltd. 1.11 Clerkenwell Workshops, 31
Clerkenwell Close, London EC1R 0AT.
[21] Energy from Wind - Concept to Product, Pharos Marine Automatic
Power, AB Pharos Marine Ltd, Steyning Way, Hounslow, Middx TW4
6DL, England.
[22] Varying Authors, Quiterevolution Technical Report C.007,
Quietrevolution Mass, Loads & Setting Out, original document
07/12/2007, Revs. 03/08/2008 - 25/06/2010, Quiterevolution ltd. 1.11
Clerkenwell Workshops, 31 Clerkenwell Close, London EC1R 0AT.
[23] K. Christensen, Catalogue of Small Wind Turbines 2009, Nordic
Folkecenter for Renewable Energy, April 2009.
[1] Commission of the European Union, Energy for the future, renewable
sources of energy - White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action
Plan, COM (97) 559 final, 1997.
[2] N. Campbell, S. Stankovic, M. Graham, P. Parkin, M. van Duijvendijk,
T. de Gruiter, S. Behling, J. Hieber, M. Blanch, "Wind Energy for the
Built Environment (Project WEB)", European Wind Energy Conference
& Exhibition, Copenhagen, 2-6 July 2011.
[3] A. S. Bahaj, L. Meyers, P. A. B. James, "Urban energy generation:
Influence of micro-wind turbine output on electricity consumptions in
buildings", Energy and Buildings, Vol. 39, Issue 2, February 2007, pp.
154-165.
[4] S. Mertens, Wind Energy in the built environment, Multiscience
Publishiong, 2006.
[5] S. Stankovic, N. Campbell, A. Harries, Urban wind energy, Earthscan,
2009.
[6] G. J. W. van Bussel, S. M. Mertens, "Small wind turbines for the built
environment", EACWE4 - The Fourth European & African Conference
on Wind Engineering, Prague, 11-15 July, 2005.
[7] M. A. Heat, J. D. Walshe, S. J. Watson, "Estimating the potential yield
of small building-mounted wind turbines", Wind Energy, Vol. 10, Issue
2, May/June 2007, pp. 271-287.
[8] Raciti Castelli, M., Villa A., Benini, E., "CFD Analysis of the Influence
of Central Shaft on Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Noise Emission",
Fourth International Meeting on Wind Turbine Noise, 12-14 April
2011, Rome (Italy).
[9] S. Mertens, "Wind energy in urban areas: Concentrator effects for wind
turbines close to buildings", Refocus, Vol. 3, Issue 2, March-April
2002, pp. 22-24.
[10] Llombart, A., Watson, S. J., Llombart, D., Fandos, J. M., "Power Curve
Characterization I: Improving the Bin Method", 2006 International
Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality ICREPQ-06,
Palma de Mallorca, 5-7 April, 2006.
[11] Llombart, A., Watson, S. J., Llombart, D., Fandos, J. M., "Power Curve
Characterization II - Modelling using Polynomial Regression", 2006
International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality
ICREPQ-06, Palma de Mallorca, 5-7 April, 2006.
[12] Llombart-Estopinan, A., "Improving the Operation and Maintenance of
Wind Farms: Determination of Wind Turbine Performance", 2008
International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality
ICREPQ-08, Santander, 12-14 March, 2008.
[13] International Standard IEC 61400-12, Wind Turbine Generator Systems
- Part 12: Wind Turbine Power Performance Testing, IEC 1998.
[14] Gipe, P., Wind Power - Renewable Energy for Home, farm and
Business, Chelsea Green Publishing Company, First printing: march
2004, p. 93.
[15] Hau E., Wind Turbines - Fundamentals, Technologies, Application,
Economics, 2nd Edition, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006, p. 71.
[16] Manwell, J. F., McGowan J. G., Rogers A. L., Wind Energy Explained:
Theory, Design and Application, John Wiley and Sons, 2010, p. 146.
[17] Dominy, R., Lunt, P., Bickerdyke, A., Dominy, J., "Self-Strating
Capability of a Darrieus Turbine," JPE340@IMechE 2007, Proc.
IMechE Vol. 221 Part A: J. Power and Energy.
[18] http://www.quietrevolution.com/
[19] http://www.windside.com/
[20] Varying Authors, Qr5 Vertical axis Wind Turbine - Product
Specification, Quiterevolution ltd. 1.11 Clerkenwell Workshops, 31
Clerkenwell Close, London EC1R 0AT.
[21] Energy from Wind - Concept to Product, Pharos Marine Automatic
Power, AB Pharos Marine Ltd, Steyning Way, Hounslow, Middx TW4
6DL, England.
[22] Varying Authors, Quiterevolution Technical Report C.007,
Quietrevolution Mass, Loads & Setting Out, original document
07/12/2007, Revs. 03/08/2008 - 25/06/2010, Quiterevolution ltd. 1.11
Clerkenwell Workshops, 31 Clerkenwell Close, London EC1R 0AT.
[23] K. Christensen, Catalogue of Small Wind Turbines 2009, Nordic
Folkecenter for Renewable Energy, April 2009.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:63503", author = "Marco Raciti Castelli and Ernesto Benini", title = "Comparison between Lift and Drag-Driven VAWT Concepts on Low-Wind Site AEO", abstract = "This work presents a comparison between the Annual
Energy Output (AEO) of two commercial vertical-axis wind turbines
(VAWTs) for a low-wind urban site: both a drag-driven and a liftdriven
concepts are examined in order to be installed on top of the
new Via dei Giustinelli building, Trieste (Italy). The power-curves,
taken from the product specification sheets, have been matched to the
wind characteristics of the selected installation site. The influence of
rotor swept area and rated power on the performance of the two
proposed wind turbines have been examined in detail, achieving a
correlation between rotor swept area, electrical generator size and
wind distribution, to be used as a guideline for the calculation of the
AEO.", keywords = "Annual Energy Output, micro-generationtechnology, urban environment, Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine", volume = "5", number = "11", pages = "753-6", }
