Investigation on Toxicity of Manufactured Nanoparticles to Bioluminescence Bacteria Vibrio fischeri
Acute toxicity of nano SiO2, ZnO, MCM-41 (Meso
pore silica), Cu, Multi Wall Carbon Nano Tube (MWCNT), Single
Wall Carbon Nano Tube (SWCNT) , Fe (Coated) to bacteria Vibrio
fischeri using a homemade luminometer , was evaluated. The values
of the nominal effective concentrations (EC), causing 20% and 50%
inhibition of biouminescence, using two mathematical models at two
times of 5 and 30 minutes were calculated. Luminometer was
designed with Photomultiplier (PMT) detector. Luminol
chemiluminescence reaction was carried out for the calibration graph.
In the linear calibration range, the correlation coefficients and
coefficient of Variation (CV) were 0.988 and 3.21% respectively
which demonstrate the accuracy and reproducibility of the instrument
that are suitable. The important part of this research depends on how
to optimize the best condition for maximum bioluminescence. The
culture of Vibrio fischeri with optimal conditions in liquid media,
were stirring at 120 rpm at a temperature of 150C to 180C and were
incubated for 24 to 72 hours while solid medium was held at 180C
and for 48 hours. Suspension of nanoparticles ZnO, after 30 min
contact time to bacteria Vibrio fischeri, showed the highest toxicity
while SiO2 nanoparticles showed the lowest toxicity. After 5 min
exposure time, the toxicity of ZnO was the strongest and MCM-41
was the weakest toxicant component.
<p>[1] Y. Lei , W. Chen , A. Mulchandani, " Microbial biosensors," Analytica
Chimica Acta. Vol. 568, pp. 200-210, 2006 .
[2] D.B.Malhotra, A. Chaubey, "Biosensors for clinical diagnostics
industry," J. Sensors Actuators B: Chemical.vol. 91,pp. 117-127, 2003.
[3] R.Kohen, A. Nyska,"Oxidation of biological systems: oxidative stress
phenomena, antioxidants, redox reactions, and methods for their
quantification," Toxicol. Pathol.vol. 6, pp. 620–650, 2002.
[4] T.Matsunaga, R.Tomada, , T.Nakajima, Wake," Photochemical
sterilization of microbial cells by semiconductor powders," FEMS
Microbiol. Lett. Vol.29, pp. 211–214, 1985.
[5] N.Serpone,D. Dondi, A.Albini," Inorganic and organic UV filters: Their
role and efficacy in sunscreens and suncare products," Inorg. Chim.
Acta.vol. 360, pp. 794–802,2007.
[6] R.Cai, Van, G.M., Aw, P.K., Itoh, K. , "Solar-driven self-cleaning
coating for a painted surface," Chim.vol. 9, pp. 829–835, 2006.
[7] P.Hoet, B.Hohlfeld and O. Salata ," Nanoparticles—known and
unknown health risks," J .Nanotoxicol.vol 2, pp.1–2, 2004.
[8] I.Roy,T.Ohulchanskyy,D.Bharali,H.Pudavar,R.Mistretta,N.Kaur
,P.Prasad, "Optical tracking of organically modified silica nanoparticles
as DNA carriers: a nonviral,nanomedicine approach for gene delivery,"
PNAS. vol. 102, pp.279, 2005.
[9] B.G.Supratim, Giri.Slowing, I.I.Lin, S.Y Victor, " Mesoporous silica
nanoparticle based controlled release, drug delivery, and biosensor
systems," Chemical communications . vol. 31,pp. 3236–3245,2007.
[10] K.Kasemets, A.Ivask, H.C.Dubourguier and A.Kahru," Toxicity of
nanoparticles of ZnO, CuO and TiO2 to yeast Saccharomyces
cerevisiae," Toxicology in Vitro. Vol. 23, pp. 1116–1122, 2009.
[11] L. Zhang, Y.Jiang, , Y.Ding, M. Povey , D.York," Investigation into the
antibacterial behaviour of suspensions of ZnO Nanoparticles (ZnO
nanofluids)," J. Nanopart. Vol.9, pp.479–489, 2007.
[12] M. Heinlaan, A.Ivask , I.Blinova , H.C Dubourguier, A.Kahru," Toxicity
of nanosized and bulk ZnO, CuO and TiO2 to bacteria Vibrio fischeri
and crustaceans Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus,"
Chemosphere.vol. 71, pp. 1308–1316, 2008.
[13] W.Jiang, H.Mashayekhi , B.Xing," Bacterial toxicity comparison
between nano- and micro-scaled oxide particles,"Environmental
Pollution. Vol. 157 , pp. 1619–1625, 2009.
[14] M. Mortimer, K. Kasemets , M. Heinlaan , I. Kurvet , A. Kahru, " High
throughput kinetic Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition assay for
study of toxic effects of nanoparticles," Toxicology in Vitro. Vol. 22 .
pp. 1412–1417, 2008.
[15] B.Fubini ,A. Hubbard," Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive
nitrogen species (RNS) generation by silica in inflammation and
fibrosis,"Free Radical Biol. Med. vol. 34, pp.1507–1516, 2003.
[16] W. Lina, Y.w. Huang , X.D.Zhou and Y.Ma," In vitro toxicity of silica
nanoparticles in human lung cancer cells," Toxicology and Applied
Pharmacology.vol. 217, pp.252–259, 2006.
[17] J.Ma, J.N.Wang, C.J.Tsai, R.Nussinov ,B.Ma," Cytotoxicity of carbon
nanotubes," Science in China Series B: Chemistry. 2008.
[18] X.Zhu , L.Zhu , Y.Chen , S. Tian," Acute toxicities of six manufactured
nanomaterial suspensions to Daphnia magna," J Nanopart Res. Vol.11,
pp.67–75, 2009.
[19] G. Liu, X. Li, B. Li, B. Qin, D. Xing, Y. Guo, R. Fan," Investigation of
the mending effect and mechanism of copper nanoparticles on a
tribologically stressed surface," Tribol. Lett. Vol.17 pp. 961–966, 2004.
[20] K. Y. Yoon, J.H. Byeon, J.H. Park , J. Hwang," Susceptibility constants
of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis to silver and copper
nanoparticles,"Sci. Total Environ. Vol. 373, pp. 572–575, 2007.
[21] A. E.Cubillo, C. Pecharroman, E. Aguilar, J. Santaren, J.S,"
Antibacterial activity of copper monodispersed nanoparticles into
sepiolite," J. Mater.Sci.vol. 41, pp. 520–5212,2006.
[22] F.Rispoli, A.Angelov, D.Badia, A.Kumar, S.Seal , V.Shah,"
Understanding the toxicity of aggregated zero valent copper
nanoparticles against Escherichia coli," Journal of Hazardous Materials.
Vol.180,pp. 212–216, 2010.
[23] W.Wu , Q.He ,C.Jiang," Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis
and Surface Functionalization Strategies,"Nanoscale Res Lett. Vol. 3,
pp.397–415, 2008.
[24] L. Claudia, U.E. Mark,G. Peter , G.R. Edward," The Vibrio fischeri
quorum-sensing systems Ain and Lux sequentially induce luminescence
gene expression and are important for persistence in the squid host,"
Mol. Microbiol.vol. 50, pp. 319-331, 2003.
[25] V.L.K.Jennings, M.H.Rayner-Brands, D.J.Bird," Assesing chemical
toxicity with the bioluminescent photobacterium(Vibrio fischeri):A
comparsison of three commercial systems," Wat.Res.vol. 35, pp.3448-
3456,2001.
[26] K.Froehner, T.Backhaus, L.H.Grimme," Bioassays with Vibrio fischeri
for the assessment of delayed toxicity," Chemosphere. Vol. 40, pp. 821-
828,2000.
[27] D.A. Skoog, F.J.Holler , T.A.Nieman, "Principles of Instrumental
Analysis," Saundres College Press, Fort Worth,Chap. 15,1998.
[28] J.C.Miller,J.N.Miller,"Statistics for Analytical Chemistry," Ellis
Horwood PTR Prentice Hall press,New York,Chap.2-5,1993.
[29] J.Ma, J.N.Wang, C.J.Tsai, R.Nussinov, B.Ma," Diameters of singlewalled
carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and related nanochemistry and
nanobiology," Front. Mater. Sci. China. Vol.4,pp. 17–28,2010.
[30] A.P. Robert, A.S Mount, B.Seda, J.Souther, R.Quio, S.Lin, P.C Ke, A.M
Rao , S.J Klaine," In vivo biomodification of lipid-coated carbon nano
tubes by Daphnia magna,"Environ Sci Technol. Vol. 41, pp.3025-3029,
2007.
[31] E.J.Petersen,Q.Huang , W.J.Weber," Ecological uptake and depuration
of carbon nanotubes by Lumbriculus variegates,"Environ Health Persp.
Vol. 113, pp1-32, 2008.</p>
<p>[1] Y. Lei , W. Chen , A. Mulchandani, " Microbial biosensors," Analytica
Chimica Acta. Vol. 568, pp. 200-210, 2006 .
[2] D.B.Malhotra, A. Chaubey, "Biosensors for clinical diagnostics
industry," J. Sensors Actuators B: Chemical.vol. 91,pp. 117-127, 2003.
[3] R.Kohen, A. Nyska,"Oxidation of biological systems: oxidative stress
phenomena, antioxidants, redox reactions, and methods for their
quantification," Toxicol. Pathol.vol. 6, pp. 620–650, 2002.
[4] T.Matsunaga, R.Tomada, , T.Nakajima, Wake," Photochemical
sterilization of microbial cells by semiconductor powders," FEMS
Microbiol. Lett. Vol.29, pp. 211–214, 1985.
[5] N.Serpone,D. Dondi, A.Albini," Inorganic and organic UV filters: Their
role and efficacy in sunscreens and suncare products," Inorg. Chim.
Acta.vol. 360, pp. 794–802,2007.
[6] R.Cai, Van, G.M., Aw, P.K., Itoh, K. , "Solar-driven self-cleaning
coating for a painted surface," Chim.vol. 9, pp. 829–835, 2006.
[7] P.Hoet, B.Hohlfeld and O. Salata ," Nanoparticles—known and
unknown health risks," J .Nanotoxicol.vol 2, pp.1–2, 2004.
[8] I.Roy,T.Ohulchanskyy,D.Bharali,H.Pudavar,R.Mistretta,N.Kaur
,P.Prasad, "Optical tracking of organically modified silica nanoparticles
as DNA carriers: a nonviral,nanomedicine approach for gene delivery,"
PNAS. vol. 102, pp.279, 2005.
[9] B.G.Supratim, Giri.Slowing, I.I.Lin, S.Y Victor, " Mesoporous silica
nanoparticle based controlled release, drug delivery, and biosensor
systems," Chemical communications . vol. 31,pp. 3236–3245,2007.
[10] K.Kasemets, A.Ivask, H.C.Dubourguier and A.Kahru," Toxicity of
nanoparticles of ZnO, CuO and TiO2 to yeast Saccharomyces
cerevisiae," Toxicology in Vitro. Vol. 23, pp. 1116–1122, 2009.
[11] L. Zhang, Y.Jiang, , Y.Ding, M. Povey , D.York," Investigation into the
antibacterial behaviour of suspensions of ZnO Nanoparticles (ZnO
nanofluids)," J. Nanopart. Vol.9, pp.479–489, 2007.
[12] M. Heinlaan, A.Ivask , I.Blinova , H.C Dubourguier, A.Kahru," Toxicity
of nanosized and bulk ZnO, CuO and TiO2 to bacteria Vibrio fischeri
and crustaceans Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus,"
Chemosphere.vol. 71, pp. 1308–1316, 2008.
[13] W.Jiang, H.Mashayekhi , B.Xing," Bacterial toxicity comparison
between nano- and micro-scaled oxide particles,"Environmental
Pollution. Vol. 157 , pp. 1619–1625, 2009.
[14] M. Mortimer, K. Kasemets , M. Heinlaan , I. Kurvet , A. Kahru, " High
throughput kinetic Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition assay for
study of toxic effects of nanoparticles," Toxicology in Vitro. Vol. 22 .
pp. 1412–1417, 2008.
[15] B.Fubini ,A. Hubbard," Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive
nitrogen species (RNS) generation by silica in inflammation and
fibrosis,"Free Radical Biol. Med. vol. 34, pp.1507–1516, 2003.
[16] W. Lina, Y.w. Huang , X.D.Zhou and Y.Ma," In vitro toxicity of silica
nanoparticles in human lung cancer cells," Toxicology and Applied
Pharmacology.vol. 217, pp.252–259, 2006.
[17] J.Ma, J.N.Wang, C.J.Tsai, R.Nussinov ,B.Ma," Cytotoxicity of carbon
nanotubes," Science in China Series B: Chemistry. 2008.
[18] X.Zhu , L.Zhu , Y.Chen , S. Tian," Acute toxicities of six manufactured
nanomaterial suspensions to Daphnia magna," J Nanopart Res. Vol.11,
pp.67–75, 2009.
[19] G. Liu, X. Li, B. Li, B. Qin, D. Xing, Y. Guo, R. Fan," Investigation of
the mending effect and mechanism of copper nanoparticles on a
tribologically stressed surface," Tribol. Lett. Vol.17 pp. 961–966, 2004.
[20] K. Y. Yoon, J.H. Byeon, J.H. Park , J. Hwang," Susceptibility constants
of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis to silver and copper
nanoparticles,"Sci. Total Environ. Vol. 373, pp. 572–575, 2007.
[21] A. E.Cubillo, C. Pecharroman, E. Aguilar, J. Santaren, J.S,"
Antibacterial activity of copper monodispersed nanoparticles into
sepiolite," J. Mater.Sci.vol. 41, pp. 520–5212,2006.
[22] F.Rispoli, A.Angelov, D.Badia, A.Kumar, S.Seal , V.Shah,"
Understanding the toxicity of aggregated zero valent copper
nanoparticles against Escherichia coli," Journal of Hazardous Materials.
Vol.180,pp. 212–216, 2010.
[23] W.Wu , Q.He ,C.Jiang," Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis
and Surface Functionalization Strategies,"Nanoscale Res Lett. Vol. 3,
pp.397–415, 2008.
[24] L. Claudia, U.E. Mark,G. Peter , G.R. Edward," The Vibrio fischeri
quorum-sensing systems Ain and Lux sequentially induce luminescence
gene expression and are important for persistence in the squid host,"
Mol. Microbiol.vol. 50, pp. 319-331, 2003.
[25] V.L.K.Jennings, M.H.Rayner-Brands, D.J.Bird," Assesing chemical
toxicity with the bioluminescent photobacterium(Vibrio fischeri):A
comparsison of three commercial systems," Wat.Res.vol. 35, pp.3448-
3456,2001.
[26] K.Froehner, T.Backhaus, L.H.Grimme," Bioassays with Vibrio fischeri
for the assessment of delayed toxicity," Chemosphere. Vol. 40, pp. 821-
828,2000.
[27] D.A. Skoog, F.J.Holler , T.A.Nieman, "Principles of Instrumental
Analysis," Saundres College Press, Fort Worth,Chap. 15,1998.
[28] J.C.Miller,J.N.Miller,"Statistics for Analytical Chemistry," Ellis
Horwood PTR Prentice Hall press,New York,Chap.2-5,1993.
[29] J.Ma, J.N.Wang, C.J.Tsai, R.Nussinov, B.Ma," Diameters of singlewalled
carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and related nanochemistry and
nanobiology," Front. Mater. Sci. China. Vol.4,pp. 17–28,2010.
[30] A.P. Robert, A.S Mount, B.Seda, J.Souther, R.Quio, S.Lin, P.C Ke, A.M
Rao , S.J Klaine," In vivo biomodification of lipid-coated carbon nano
tubes by Daphnia magna,"Environ Sci Technol. Vol. 41, pp.3025-3029,
2007.
[31] E.J.Petersen,Q.Huang , W.J.Weber," Ecological uptake and depuration
of carbon nanotubes by Lumbriculus variegates,"Environ Health Persp.
Vol. 113, pp1-32, 2008.</p>
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:63539", author = "E. Binaeian and SH. Soroushnia", title = "Investigation on Toxicity of Manufactured Nanoparticles to Bioluminescence Bacteria Vibrio fischeri", abstract = "Acute toxicity of nano SiO2, ZnO, MCM-41 (Meso
pore silica), Cu, Multi Wall Carbon Nano Tube (MWCNT), Single
Wall Carbon Nano Tube (SWCNT) , Fe (Coated) to bacteria Vibrio
fischeri using a homemade luminometer , was evaluated. The values
of the nominal effective concentrations (EC), causing 20% and 50%
inhibition of biouminescence, using two mathematical models at two
times of 5 and 30 minutes were calculated. Luminometer was
designed with Photomultiplier (PMT) detector. Luminol
chemiluminescence reaction was carried out for the calibration graph.
In the linear calibration range, the correlation coefficients and
coefficient of Variation (CV) were 0.988 and 3.21% respectively
which demonstrate the accuracy and reproducibility of the instrument
that are suitable. The important part of this research depends on how
to optimize the best condition for maximum bioluminescence. The
culture of Vibrio fischeri with optimal conditions in liquid media,
were stirring at 120 rpm at a temperature of 150C to 180C and were
incubated for 24 to 72 hours while solid medium was held at 180C
and for 48 hours. Suspension of nanoparticles ZnO, after 30 min
contact time to bacteria Vibrio fischeri, showed the highest toxicity
while SiO2 nanoparticles showed the lowest toxicity. After 5 min
exposure time, the toxicity of ZnO was the strongest and MCM-41
was the weakest toxicant component.
", keywords = "Bioluminescence, effective concentration,
nanomaterials, toxicity, Vibrio fischeri.", volume = "7", number = "8", pages = "625-6", }
