Abstract: This paper describes a methodology for remote
performance monitoring of retail refrigeration systems. The proposed
framework starts with monitoring of the whole refrigeration circuit
which allows detecting deviations from expected behavior caused by
various faults and degradations. The subsequent diagnostics methods
drill down deeper in the equipment hierarchy to more specifically
determine root causes. An important feature of the proposed concept
is that it does not require any additional sensors, and thus, the
performance monitoring solution can be deployed at a low
installation cost. Moreover only a minimum of contextual
information is required, which also substantially reduces time and
cost of the deployment process.
Abstract: The application of Neural Network for disease
diagnosis has made great progress and is widely used by physicians.
An Electrocardiogram carries vital information about heart activity and physicians use this signal for cardiac disease diagnosis which
was the great motivation towards our study. In our work, tachycardia
features obtained are used for the training and testing of a Neural
Network. In this study we are using Fuzzy Probabilistic Neural
Networks as an automatic technique for ECG signal analysis. As
every real signal recorded by the equipment can have different
artifacts, we needed to do some preprocessing steps before feeding it
to our system. Wavelet transform is used for extracting the
morphological parameters of the ECG signal. The outcome of the
approach for the variety of arrhythmias shows the represented
approach is superior than prior presented algorithms with an average
accuracy of about %95 for more than 7 tachy arrhythmias.
Abstract: Animation is simply defined as the sequencing of a
series of static images to generate the illusion of movement. Most
people believe that actual drawings or creation of the individual
images is the animation, when in actuality it is the arrangement of
those static images that conveys the motion. To become an animator,
it is often assumed that needed the ability to quickly design
masterpiece after masterpiece. Although some semblance of artistic
skill is a necessity for the job, the real key to becoming a great
animator is in the comprehension of timing. This paper will use a
combination of sprite animation, frame animation, and some other
techniques to cause a group of multi-colored static images to slither
around in the bounded area. In addition to slithering, the images
will also change the color of different parts of their body, much like
the real world creatures that have this amazing ability to change the
colors on their bodies do. This paper was implemented by using
Java 2 Standard Edition (J2SE).
It is both time-consuming and expensive to create animations,
regardless if they are created by hand or by using motion-capture
equipment. If the animators could reuse old animations and even
blend different animations together, a lot of work would be saved in
the process. The main objective of this paper is to examine a method
for blending several animations together in real time. This paper
presents and analyses a solution using Weighted Skeleton
Animation (WSA) resulting in limited CPU time and memory waste
as well as saving time for the animators. The idea presented is
described in detail and implemented. In this paper, text animation,
vertex animation, sprite part animation and whole sprite animation
were tested.
In this research paper, the resolution, smoothness and movement
of animated images will be carried out from the parameters, which
will be obtained from the experimental research of implementing
this paper.
Abstract: A subsea hydrocarbon production system can undergo planned and unplanned shutdowns during the life of the field. The thermal FEA is used to simulate the cool down to verify the insulation design of the subsea equipment, but it is also used to derive an acceptable insulation design for the cold spots. The driving factors of subsea analyses require fast responding and accurate models of the equipment cool down. This paper presents cool down analysis carried out by a Krylov subspace reduction method, and compares this approach to the commonly used FEA solvers. The model considered represents a typical component of a subsea production system, a closed valve on a dead leg. The results from the Krylov reduction method exhibits the least error and requires the shortest computational time to reach the solution. These findings make the Krylov model order reduction method very suitable for the above mentioned subsea applications.
Abstract: Analytical seismic response of multi-story building
supported on base isolation system is investigated under real
earthquake motion. The superstructure is idealized as a shear type
flexible building with lateral degree-of-freedom at each floor. The
force-deformation behaviour of the isolation system is modelled by
the bi-linear behaviour which can be effectively used to model all
isolation systems in practice. The governing equations of motion of
the isolated structural system are derived. The response of the system
is obtained numerically by step-by-method under three real recorded
earthquake motions and pulse motions associated in the near-fault
earthquake motion. The variation of the top floor acceleration, interstory
drift, base shear and bearing displacement of the isolated
building is studied under different initial stiffness of the bi-linear
isolation system. It was observed that the high initial stiffness of the
isolation system excites higher modes in base-isolated structure and
generate floor accelerations and story drift. Such behaviour of the
base-isolated building especially supported on sliding type of
isolation systems can be detrimental to sensitive equipment installed
in the building. On the other hand, the bearing displacement and base
shear found to reduce marginally with the increase of the initial
stiffness of the initial stiffness of the isolation system. Further, the
above behaviour of the base-isolated building was observed for
different parameters of the bearing (i.e. post-yield stiffness and
characteristic strength) and earthquake motions (i.e. real time history
as well as pulse type motion).
Abstract: In areas of low to moderate seismicity many building contents and equipment are not positively fixed to the floor or tied to adjacent walls. Under seismic induced horizontal vibration, such contents and equipment can suffer from damage by either overturning or impact associated with rocking. This paper focuses on the estimation of shock on typical contents and equipment due to rocking. A simplified analytical model is outlined that can be used to estimate the maximum acceleration on a rocking object given its basic geometric and mechanical properties. The developed model was validated against experimental results. The experimental results revealed that the maximum shock acceleration can be underestimated if the static stiffness of the materials at the interface between the rocking object and floor is used rather than the dynamic stiffness. Excellent agreement between the model and experimental results was found when the dynamic stiffness for the interface material was used, which was found to be generally much higher than corresponding static stiffness under different investigated boundary conditions of the cushion. The proposed model can be a beneficial tool in performing a rapid assessment of shock sensitive components considered for possible seismic rectification.
Abstract: Irradiated material is a typical example of a complex
system with nonlinear coupling between its elements. During
irradiation the radiation damage is developed and this development
has bifurcations and qualitatively different kinds of behavior.
The accumulation of primary defects in irradiated crystals is
considered in frame work of nonlinear evolution of complex system.
The thermo-concentration nonlinear feedback is carried out as a
mechanism of self-oscillation development.
It is shown that there are two ways of the defect density evolution
under stationary irradiation. The first is the accumulation of defects;
defect density monotonically grows and tends to its stationary state
for some system parameters. Another way that takes place for
opportune parameters is the development of self-oscillations of the
defect density.
The stationary state, its stability and type are found. The
bifurcation values of parameters (environment temperature, defect
generation rate, etc.) are obtained. The frequency of the selfoscillation
and the conditions of their development is found and
rated. It is shown that defect density, heat fluxes and temperature
during self-oscillations can reach much higher values than the
expected steady-state values. It can lead to a change of typical
operation and an accident, e.g. for nuclear equipment.
Abstract: The power transformer is the most expensive, indispensable and arguably the most important equipment item in a power system Insulation failure in transformers can cause long term interruption to supply and loss of revenue and the condition assessment of the insulation is thus an important maintenance procedure. Oil-impregnated transformer insulation consists of mainly organic materials including mineral oil and cellulose-base paper and pressboard. The operating life of cellulose-based insulation, as with most organic insulation, depends heavily on its operating temperature rise above ambient. This paper reports results of a laboratory-based experimental investigation of partial discharge (PD) activity at high temperature in oil-impregnated insulation. The experiments reported here are part an on-going programme aimed at investigating the way in which insulation deterioration can be monitored and quantified by use of partial discharge diagnostics. Partial discharge patterns were recorded and analysed during increasing and decreasing phases of the temperature. The effect of ageing of the insulation on the PD patterns in oil and oil-impregnated insulation are also considered.
Abstract: The design of methods of the 20 K large dimension cold shield used for infrared radiation demarcating in space environment simulation test were introduced in this paper. The cold shield were cooled by five G-M cryocoolers , and the dimension of the cold shield is the largest in our country.Cold shield installation and distribution and compensator for contraction on cooling were introduced detailedly. The temperature distribution and cool-down time of cold shield surface were also calculated and analysed in this paper. The design of cold shield resolves the difficulty of compensator for contraction on cooling successfully. Test results show that the actual technical performance indicators of cold shield met and exceeded the design requirements.
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods are increasingly being used for problem solving. This paper concerns using AI-type learning machines for power quality problem, which is a problem of general interest to power system to provide quality power to all appliances. Electrical power of good quality is essential for proper operation of electronic equipments such as computers and PLCs. Malfunction of such equipment may lead to loss of production or disruption of critical services resulting in huge financial and other losses. It is therefore necessary that critical loads be supplied with electricity of acceptable quality. Recognition of the presence of any disturbance and classifying any existing disturbance into a particular type is the first step in combating the problem. In this work two classes of AI methods for Power quality data mining are studied: Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs). We show that SVMs are superior to ANNs in two critical respects: SVMs train and run an order of magnitude faster; and SVMs give higher classification accuracy.
Abstract: Multicast transmissions allow an host (the source) to send only one flow bound for a group of hosts (the receivers). Any equipment eager to belong to the group may explicitly register itself to that group via its multicast router. This router will be given the responsibility to convey all information relating to the group to all registered hosts. However in an environment in which the final receiver or the source frequently moves, the multicast flows need particular treatment. This constitutes one of the multicast transmissions problems around which several proposals were made in the Mobile IPv6 case in general. In this article, we describe the problems involved in this IPv6 multicast mobility and the existing proposals for their resolution. Then architecture will be proposed aiming to satisfy and optimize these transmissions in the specific case of a mobile multicast receiver in NC-HMIPv6 environment.
Abstract: This article discusses the questions concerning of creating small packet networks for energy companies with application of high voltage power line carrier equipment (PLC) with functionality of IP traffic transmission. The main idea is to create converged PLC links between substations and dispatching centers where packet data and voice are transmitted in one data flow. The article contents description of basic conception of the network, evaluation of voice traffic transmission parameters, and discussion of header compression techniques in relation to PLC links. The results of exploration show us, that convergent packet PLC links can be very useful in the construction of small packet networks between substations in remote locations, such as deposits or low populated areas.
Abstract: A new generation of manufacturing machines
so-called MIMCA (modular and integrated machine control
architecture) capable of handling much increased complexity in
manufacturing control-systems is presented. Requirement for more
flexible and effective control systems for manufacturing machine
systems is investigated and dimensioned-which highlights a need for
improved means of coordinating and monitoring production
machinery and equipment used to- transport material. The MIMCA
supports simulation based on machine modeling, was conceived by
the authors to address the issues. Essentially MIMCA comprises an
organized unification of selected architectural frameworks and
modeling methods, which include: NISTRCS, UMC and Colored
Timed Petri nets (CTPN). The unification has been achieved; to
support the design and construction of hierarchical and distributed
machine control which realized the concurrent operation of reusable
and distributed machine control components; ability to handle
growing complexity; and support requirements for real- time control
systems. Thus MIMCA enables mapping between 'what a machine
should do' and 'how the machine does it' in a well-defined but
flexible way designed to facilitate reconfiguration of machine
systems.
Abstract: Today-s business has inevitably been set in the global supply chain management environment. International transportation has never played such an important role in the global supply chain network, because movement of shipments from one country to another tends to be more frequent than ever before. This paper studies international transportation problems experienced by an international transportation company. Because of the limited fleet capacity, the transportation company has to hire additional trucks from two countries in advance. However, customer-s shipment information is uncertain, and decisions have to be made before accurate information can be obtained. This paper proposes a stochastic mixed 0-1 programming model to solve the international transportation problems under uncertain demand. A series of experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed stochastic model.
Abstract: Sensors possess several properties of physical
measures. Whether devices that convert a sensed signal into an
electrical signal, chemical sensors and biosensors, thus all these
sensors can be considered as an interface between the physical and
electrical equipment. The problem is the analysis of the multitudes of
saved settings as input variables. However, they do not all have the
same level of influence on the outputs. In order to identify the most
sensitive parameters, those that can guide users in gathering
information on the ground and in the process of model calibration
and sensitivity analysis for the effect of each change made.
Mathematical models used for processing become very complex.
In this paper a fuzzy rule-based system is proposed as a solution
for this problem. The system collects the available signals
information from sensors. Moreover, the system allows the study of
the influence of the various factors that take part in the decision
system. Since its inception fuzzy set theory has been regarded as a
formalism suitable to deal with the imprecision intrinsic to many
problems. At the same time, fuzzy sets allow to use symbolic models.
In this study an example was applied for resolving variety of
physiological parameters that define human health state. The
application system was done for medical diagnosis help. The inputs
are the signals expressed the cardiovascular system parameters, blood
pressure, Respiratory system paramsystem was done, it will be able
to predict the state of patient according any input values.
Abstract: As global industry developed rapidly, the energy
demand also rises simultaneously. In the production process, there’s a
lot of energy consumed in the process. Formally, the energy used in
generating the heat in the production process. In the total energy
consumption, 40% of the heat was used in process heat, mechanical
work, chemical energy and electricity. The remaining 50% were
released into the environment. It will cause energy waste and
environment pollution. There are many ways for recovering the waste
heat in factory. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system can produce
electricity and reduce energy costs by recovering the waste of low
temperature heat in the factory. In addition, ORC is the technology
with the highest power generating efficiency in low-temperature heat
recycling. However, most of factories executives are still hesitated
because of the high implementation cost of the ORC system, even a lot
of heat are wasted. Therefore, this study constructs a nonlinear
mathematical model of waste heat recovery equipment configuration
to maximize profits. A particle swarm optimization algorithm is
developed to generate the optimal facility installation plan for the ORC
system.
Abstract: The effects of down slope steepness on soil splash distribution under a water drop impact have been investigated in this study. The equipment used are the burette to simulate a water drop, a splash cup filled with sandy soil which forms the source area and a splash board to collect the ejected particles. The results found in this study have shown that the apparent mass increased with increasing downslope angle following a linear regression equation with high coefficient of determination. In the same way, the radial soil splash distribution over the distance has been analyzed statistically, and an exponential function was the best fit of the relationship for the different slope angles. The curves and the regressions equations validate the well known FSDF and extend the theory of Van Dijk.
Abstract: Concerning the inpatient care the present situation is
characterized by intense charges of medical technology into the
clinical daily routine and an ever stronger integration of special
techniques into the clinical workflow. Medical technology is by now
an integral part of health care according to consisting general
accepted standards. Purchase and operation thereby represent an
important economic position and both are subject of everyday
optimisation attempts. For this purpose by now exists a huge number
of tools which conduce more likely to a complexness of the problem
by a comprehensive implementation. In this paper the advantages of
an integrative information-workflow on the life-cycle-management in
the region of medical technology are shown.
Abstract: Market competition and a desire to gain advantages on globalized market, drives companies towards innovation efforts. Project overload is an unpleasant phenomenon, which is happening for employees inside those organizations trying to make the most efficient use of their resources to be innovative. But what are the impacts of project overload on organization-s innovation capabilities? Advanced engineering teams (AE) inside a major heavy equipment manufacturer are suffering from project overload in their quest for innovation. In this paper, Agent-based modeling (ABM) is used to examine the current reality of the company context, and of the AE team, where the opportunities and challenges for reducing the risk of project overload and moving towards innovation were identified. Project overload is more likely to stifle innovation and creativity inside teams. On the other hand, motivations on proper challenging goals are more likely to help individual to alleviate the negative aspects of low level of project overload.
Abstract: Installation of power compensation equipment in
some cases places additional buses into the system. Therefore, a total
number of power flow equations and voltage unknowns increase due
to additional locations of installed devices. In this circumstance, power flow calculation is more complicated. It may result in a
computational convergence problem. This paper presents a power flow calculation by using Newton-Raphson iterative method together
with the proposed load transfer technique. This concept is to eliminate additional buses by transferring installed loads at the new buses to existing two adjacent buses. Thus, the total number of power
flow equations is not changed. The overall computational speed is
expectedly shorter than that of solving the problem without applying the load transfer technique. A 15-bus test system is employed for test
to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed load transfer technique. As a result, the total number of iteration required and execution time
is significantly reduced.