Abstract: The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology
has a diverse base of applications, but it is also prone to security
threats. There are different types of security attacks which limit the
range of the RFID applications. For example, deploying the RFID
networks in insecure environments could make the RFID system
vulnerable to many types of attacks such as spoofing attack, location
traceability attack, physical attack and many more. Therefore, security
is often an important requirement for RFID systems. In this paper,
RFID mutual authentication protocol is implemented based on mobile
agent technology and timestamp, which are used to provide strong
authentication and integrity assurances to both the RFID readers and
their corresponding RFID tags. The integration of mobile agent
technology and timestamp provides promising results towards
achieving this goal and towards reducing the security threats in RFID
systems.
Abstract: Recently, numerous documents including large
volumes of unstructured data and text have been created because of the
rapid increase in the use of social media and the Internet. Usually,
these documents are categorized for the convenience of users. Because
the accuracy of manual categorization is not guaranteed, and such
categorization requires a large amount of time and incurs huge costs.
Many studies on automatic categorization have been conducted to help
mitigate the limitations of manual categorization. Unfortunately, most
of these methods cannot be applied to categorize complex documents
with multiple topics because they work on the assumption that
individual documents can be categorized into single categories only.
Therefore, to overcome this limitation, some studies have attempted to
categorize each document into multiple categories. However, the
learning process employed in these studies involves training using a
multi-categorized document set. These methods therefore cannot be
applied to the multi-categorization of most documents unless
multi-categorized training sets using traditional multi-categorization
algorithms are provided. To overcome this limitation, in this study, we
review our novel methodology for extending the category of a
single-categorized document to multiple categorizes, and then
introduce a survey-based verification scenario for estimating the
accuracy of our automatic categorization methodology.
Abstract: The influence of Islam on arts can be found primarily
in calligraphy, arabesque designs and architecture. Also, geometric
designs were used quite extensively. Muslim craftsmen produced
stunning designs based on simple geometric principles and traditional
motifs which were used to decorate many surfaces. The idea of
interlacing simple rectilinear lines to form the patterns impressed
Arabs. Nomads of Persia, Turks and Mongols were equally
impressed with the designs so they begin to use them in their homes
in carpet weaving. Islamic designs, motifs and colours which were
used became common place and served to influence people’s tastes.
Modern life style and contemporary products have changed the style
of people’s daily lives, however, people still long for the nomadic
way of life. This is clearly reflected in people’s homes. In a great
many Muslim homes, Islamic decorative motifs can be seen along
with traditional ‘Bedouin’ style furnishing, especially in homes of the
Arabian Peninsula.
Abstract: Nonlinear evolution of broadband ultrasonic pulses
passed through the rock specimens is studied using the apparatus
“GEOSCAN-02M”. Ultrasonic pulses are excited by the pulses of Qswitched
Nd:YAG laser with the time duration of 10 ns and with the
energy of 260 mJ. This energy can be reduced to 20 mJ by some light
filters. The laser beam radius did not exceed 5 mm. As a result of the
absorption of the laser pulse in the special material – the optoacoustic
generator–the pulses of longitudinal ultrasonic waves are excited with
the time duration of 100 ns and with the maximum pressure
amplitude of 10 MPa. The immersion technique is used to measure
the parameters of these ultrasonic pulses passed through a specimen,
the immersion liquid is distilled water. The reference pulse passed
through the cell with water has the compression and the rarefaction
phases. The amplitude of the rarefaction phase is five times lower
than that of the compression phase. The spectral range of the
reference pulse reaches 10 MHz. The cubic-shaped specimens of the
Karelian gabbro are studied with the rib length 3 cm. The ultimate
strength of the specimens by the uniaxial compression is (300±10)
MPa. As the reference pulse passes through the area of the specimen
without cracks the compression phase decreases and the rarefaction
one increases due to diffraction and scattering of ultrasound, so the
ratio of these phases becomes 2.3:1. After preloading some horizontal
cracks appear in the specimens. Their location is found by one-sided
scanning of the specimen using the backward mode detection of the
ultrasonic pulses reflected from the structure defects. Using the
computer processing of these signals the images are obtained of the
cross-sections of the specimens with cracks. By the increase of the
reference pulse amplitude from 0.1 MPa to 5 MPa the nonlinear
transformation of the ultrasonic pulse passed through the specimen
with horizontal cracks results in the decrease by 2.5 times of the
amplitude of the rarefaction phase and in the increase of its duration
by 2.1 times. By the increase of the reference pulse amplitude from 5
MPa to 10 MPa the time splitting of the phases is observed for the
bipolar pulse passed through the specimen. The compression and
rarefaction phases propagate with different velocities. These features
of the powerful broadband ultrasonic pulses passed through the rock
specimens can be described by the hysteresis model of Preisach-
Mayergoyz and can be used for the location of cracks in the optically
opaque materials.
Abstract: The hydrodynamic and thermal behaviors of fluid
flow in wavy microchannel are investigated numerically. Effects of
Reynolds number on the hydrodynamics and thermal behaviors are
investigated. Three cases of Reynolds number (580, 1244, and 1910)
are adopted in this study. It is found that the separation zone begin
appears when Reynolds number is greater than 1910 at the endsection
of the wave. Also it is found that dimensionless maximum
velocity at the mid-section of the wave decreases and becomes as a
turbulent behavior as Reynolds numbers increases. The maximum
temperature at the center line at the mid-section of the wave increases
as Reynolds number increases until it reaches the turbulent behavior
when Reynolds number is equal or greater than 1244, while this
behavior will be achieved at very high velocities at the end section of
the wave.
Abstract: Research has shown that techno-entrepreneurship is
economically significant. Therefore, it is suggested that teaching
techno-entrepreneurship may be important because such programmes
would prepare current and future generations of learners to recognise
and act on high-technology opportunities. Education in technoentrepreneurship
may increase the knowledge of how to start one’s
own enterprise and recognise the technological opportunities for
commercialisation to improve decision-making about starting a new
venture; also it influence decisions about capturing the business
opportunities and turning them into successful ventures. Universities
can play a main role in connecting and networking technoentrepreneurship
students towards a cooperative attitude with real
business practice and industry knowledge. To investigate and answer
whether education for techno-entrepreneurs really helps, this paper
choses a comparison of literature reviews as its method of research.
After reviewing literature related to the impact of technoentrepreneurship
education on self-employment 6 studies which had
similar aim and objective to this paper were. These particular papers
were selected based on a keywords search and as their aim,
objectives, and gaps were close to the current research. In addition,
they were all based on the influence of techno-entrepreneurship
education in self-employment and intention of students to start new
ventures. The findings showed that teaching techno-entrepreneurship
education may have an influence on students’ intention and their
future self-employment, but which courses should be covered and the
duration of programmes, needs further investigation.
Abstract: The problem of degradation of agricultural residues
from palm oil industry is increasing due to its expansion.
Lignocelloulosic waste from these industry represent large amount of
unutilized resources, this is due to their high lignin content. Since
white rot fungi are capable of degrading lignin, its potential for the
degradation of lignocelloulosic waste from palm oil industry was
accessed. The lignocellluloses content was measured before and after
biodegradation and the rate of reduction was determined. From the
results of the biodegradation, it was observed that hemicellulose
reduces by 22.62%, cellulose by 20.97% and lignin by 10.65% from
the initials lignocelluloses contents. Thus, to improve the digestibility
of palm oil mesocarp fibre, treatment by white rot-fungi is
recommended.
Abstract: Target of this study was the analysis of the impact of
crude glycerol on canine spermatozoa motility, morphology,
viability, and membrane integrity. Experiments were realized in vitro.
In the study, semen from 5 large dog breeds was used. They were
typical representatives of large breeds, coming from healthy rearing,
regularly vaccinated and integrated to the further breeding. Semen
collections were realized at the owners of animals and in the
veterinary clinic. Subsequently the experiments were realized at the
Department of Animal Physiology of the SUA in Nitra. The
spermatozoa motility was evaluated using CASA analyzer
(SpermVisionTM, Minitub, Germany) at the temperature 5 and 37°C
for 5 hours. In the study, 13 motility parameters were evaluated.
Generally, crude glycerol has generally negative effect on
spermatozoa motility. Morphological analysis was realized using
Hancock staining and the preparations were evaluated at
magnification 1000x using classification tables of morphologically
changed spermatozoa. Data clearly detected the highest number of
morphologically changed spermatozoa in the experimental groups
(know twisted tails, tail torso and tail coiling). For acrosome
alterations swelled acrosomes, removed acrosomes and acrosomes
with undulated membrane were detected. In this study also the effect
of crude glycerol on spermatozoa membrane integrity were analyzed.
The highest crude glycerol concentration significantly affects
spermatozoa integrity. Results of this study show that crude glycerol
has effect of spermatozoa motility, viability, and membrane integrity.
Detected changes are related to crude glycerol concentration,
temperature, as well as time of incubation.
Abstract: Food supply chain is one of the most complex supply
chain networks due to its perishable nature and customer oriented
products, and food safety is the major concern for this industry. IT
system could help to minimize the production and consumption of
unsafe food by controlling and monitoring the entire system.
However, there have been many issues in adoption of IT system in
this industry specifically within SMEs sector. With this regard, this
study presents a novel approach to use IT and tractability systems in
the food supply chain, using application of RFID and central
database.
Abstract: The McEliece cryptosystem is an asymmetric type of
cryptography based on error correction code. The classical McEliece
used irreducible binary Goppa code which considered unbreakable
until now especially with parameter [1024, 524, and 101], but it is
suffering from large public key matrix which leads to be difficult to
be used practically. In this work Irreducible and Separable Goppa
codes have been introduced. The Irreducible and Separable Goppa
codes used are with flexible parameters and dynamic error vectors. A
Comparison between Separable and Irreducible Goppa code in
McEliece Cryptosystem has been done. For encryption stage, to get
better result for comparison, two types of testing have been chosen;
in the first one the random message is constant while the parameters
of Goppa code have been changed. But for the second test, the
parameters of Goppa code are constant (m=8 and t=10) while the
random message have been changed. The results show that the time
needed to calculate parity check matrix in separable are higher than
the one for irreducible McEliece cryptosystem, which is considered
expected results due to calculate extra parity check matrix in
decryption process for g2(z) in separable type, and the time needed to
execute error locator in decryption stage in separable type is better
than the time needed to calculate it in irreducible type. The proposed
implementation has been done by Visual studio C#.
Abstract: Different countries have introduced different schemes
and policies to counter global warming. The rationale behind the
proposed policies and the potential barriers to successful
implementation of the policies adopted by the countries were
analyzed and estimated based on different models. It is argued that
these models enhance the transparency and provide a better
understanding to the policy makers. However, these models are
underpinned with several structural and baseline assumptions. These
assumptions, modeling features and future prediction of emission
reductions and other implication such as cost and benefits of a
transition to a low-carbon economy and its economy wide impacts
were discussed. On the other hand, there are potential barriers in the
form political, financial, and cultural and many others that pose a
threat to the mitigation options.
Abstract: Environmental and functional conditions, sometimes,
necessitate the architectural plan of the building to be asymmetric,
and this result in an asymmetric structure. In such cases finding an
optimal pattern for locating the components of lateral load bearing
system, including shear walls, in the building’s plan is desired. In
case of shear wall in addition to the location the shape of the wall
cross-section is also an effective factor. Various types of shear walls
and their proper layout might come effective in better stiffness
distribution and more appropriate seismic response of the building.
Several studies have been conducted in the context of analysis and
design of shear walls; however, few studies have been performed on
making decisions for the location and form of shear walls in multistory
buildings, especially those with irregular plan. In this study, an
attempt has been made to obtain the most reliable seismic behavior of
multi-story reinforced concrete vertically chamfered buildings by
using more appropriate shear walls form and arrangement in 7-, 10-,
12-, and 15-stoy buildings. The considered forms and arrangements
include common rectangular walls and L-, T-, U- and Z-shaped plan,
located as the core or in the outer frames of the building structure.
Comparison of seismic behaviors of the buildings, including
maximum roof displacement and particularly formation of plastic
hinges and their distribution in the buildings’ structures, have been
done based on the results of a series of nonlinear time history
analyses, by using a set of selected earthquake records. Results show
that shear walls with U-shaped cross-section, placed as the building
central core, and also walls with Z-shaped cross-section, placed at the
corners give the building more reliable seismic behavior.
Abstract: Structural analysis of flexible pavements has been and still is currently performed using multi-layer elastic theory. However, for thinly surfaced pavements subjected to low to medium volumes of traffics, the importance of non-linear stress-strain behavior of unbound granular materials (UGM) requires the use of more sophisticated numerical models for structural design and performance of such pavements. In the present work, nonlinear unbound aggregates constitutive model is implemented within an axisymmetric finite element code developed to simulate the nonlinear behavior of pavement structures including two local aggregates of different mineralogical nature, typically used in Algerian pavements. The performance of the mechanical model is examined about its capability of representing adequately, under various conditions, the granular material non-linearity in pavement analysis. In addition, deflection data collected by Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) are incorporated into the analysis in order to assess the sensitivity of critical pavement design criteria and pavement design life to the constitutive model. Finally, conclusions of engineering significance are formulated.
Abstract: The practical efficient approach is suggested to estimate the high-speed objects instant bounds in C-OTDR monitoring systems. In case of super-dynamic objects (trains, cars) is difficult to obtain the adequate estimate of the instantaneous object localization because of estimation lag. In other words, reliable estimation coordinates of monitored object requires taking some time for data observation collection by means of C-OTDR system, and only if the required sample volume will be collected the final decision could be issued. But it is contrary to requirements of many real applications. For example, in rail traffic management systems we need to get data of the dynamic objects localization in real time. The way to solve this problem is to use the set of statistical independent parameters of C-OTDR signals for obtaining the most reliable solution in real time. The parameters of this type we can call as «signaling parameters» (SP). There are several the SP’s which carry information about dynamic objects instant localization for each of COTDR channels. The problem is that some of these parameters are very sensitive to dynamics of seismoacoustic emission sources, but are non-stable. On the other hand, in case the SP is very stable it becomes insensitive as rule. This report contains describing of the method for SP’s co-processing which is designed to get the most effective dynamic objects localization estimates in the C-OTDR monitoring system framework.
Abstract: The apportionment method is used by many countries, to calculate the distribution of seats in political bodies. For example, this method is used in the United States (U.S.) to distribute house seats proportionally based on the population of the electoral district. Famous apportionment methods include the divisor methods called the Adams Method, Dean Method, Hill Method, Jefferson Method and Webster Method. Sometimes the results from the implementation of these divisor methods are unfair and include errors. Therefore, it is important to examine the optimization of this method by using a bias measurement to figure out precise and fair results. In this research we investigate the bias of divisor methods in the U.S. Houses of Representatives toward large and small states by applying the Stolarsky Mean Method. We compare the bias of the apportionment method by using two famous bias measurements: the Balinski and Young measurement and the Ernst measurement. Both measurements have a formula for large and small states. The Third measurement however, which was created by the researchers, did not factor in the element of large and small states into the formula. All three measurements are compared and the results show that our measurement produces similar results to the other two famous measurements.
Abstract: The importance of this study is to understand how Indonesian military court asserts its jurisdiction over military members who commit general crimes within the Indonesian military judiciary system in comparison to other countries. This research employs a normative-juridical approach in combination with historical and comparative-juridical approaches. The research specification is analytical-descriptive in nature, i.e. describing or outlining the principles, basic concepts, and norms related to military judiciary system, which are further analyzed within the context of implementation and as the inputs for military justice regulation under the Indonesian legal system. Main data used in this research are secondary data, including primary, secondary and tertiary legal sources. The research focuses on secondary data, while primary data are supplementary in nature. The validity of data is checked using multi-methods commonly known as triangulation, i.e. to reflect the efforts to gain an in-depth understanding of phenomena being studied. Here, the military element is kept intact in the judiciary process with due observance of the Military Criminal Justice System and the Military Command Development Principle. The Indonesian military judiciary jurisdiction over military members committing general crimes is based on national legal system and global development while taking into account the structure, composition and position of military forces within the state structure. Jurisdiction is formulated by setting forth the substantive norm of crimes that are military in nature. At the level of adjudication jurisdiction, the military court has a jurisdiction to adjudicate military personnel who commit general offences. At the level of execution jurisdiction, the military court has a jurisdiction to execute the sentence against military members who have been convicted with a final and binding judgement. Military court's jurisdiction needs to be expanded when the country is in the state of war.
Abstract: The seriously damaged structures during earthquakes
show the need and importance of design of reinforced concrete
structures with high ductility. Reinforced concrete beam-column
joints have an important function in all structures. Under seismic
excitation, the beam column joint region is subjected to horizontal
and vertical shear forces whose magnitude is many times higher than
the adjacent beam and column. Strength and ductility of structures
depends mainly on proper detailing of the reinforcement in beamcolumn
joints and the old structures were found ductility deficient.
DSP materials are obtained by using high quantities of super
plasticizers and high volumes of micro silica. In the case of High
Performance Densified Small Particle Concrete (HPDSPC), since
concrete is dense even at the micro-structure level, tensile strain
would be much higher than that of the conventional SFRC, SIFCON
& SIMCON. This in turn will improve cracking behaviour, ductility
and energy absorption capacity of composites in addition to
durability. The fine fibers used in our mix are 0.3mm diameter and 10
mm which can be easily placed with high percentage. These fibers
easily transfer stresses and act as a composite concrete unit to take up
extremely high loads with high compressive strength. HPDSPC
placed in the beam column joints helps in safety of human life due to
prolonged failure.
Abstract: In this paper, temperature extremes are forecast by
employing the block maxima method of the Generalized extreme
value(GEV) distribution to analyse temperature data from the
Cameroon Development Corporation (C.D.C). By considering two sets
of data (Raw data and simulated data) and two (stationary and
non-stationary) models of the GEV distribution, return levels analysis
is carried out and it was found that in the stationary model, the
return values are constant over time with the raw data while in the
simulated data, the return values show an increasing trend but with
an upper bound. In the non-stationary model, the return levels of
both the raw data and simulated data show an increasing trend but
with an upper bound. This clearly shows that temperatures in the
tropics even-though show a sign of increasing in the future, there
is a maximum temperature at which there is no exceedence. The
results of this paper are very vital in Agricultural and Environmental
research.
Abstract: Networked environments which provide platforms for
business organizations are configured in different forms depending
on many factors including life time, member characteristics,
communication structure, and business objectives, among others.
With continuing advances in digital technologies the distance has
become a less barrier for business minded collaboration among
organizations. With the need and ease to make business collaborate
nowadays organizations are sometimes forced to co-work with others
that are either unknown or less known to them in terms of history and
performance. A promising approach for sustaining established
collaboration has been establishment of trust relationship among
organizations based on assessed trustworthiness for each participating
organization. It has been stated in research that trust in organization is
dynamic and thus assessment of trust level must address such
dynamic nature. This paper assesses relevant aspects of trust and
applies the assessed concepts to propose a semi-automated system for
the management of Sustainability and Evolution of trust in
organizations participating in specific objective in a networked
organizations environment.
Abstract: High temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process
use fixed fluidized bed as a reactor. In order to understand the flow
behavior in the fluidized bed better, the research of how the radial
velocity affects the entire flow field is necessary. Laser Doppler
Velocimetry (LDV) was used to study the radial velocity distribution
along the diameter direction of the cross-section of the particle in a
fixed fluidized bed. The velocity in the cross-section is fluctuating
within a small range. The direction of the speed is a random
phenomenon. In addition to r/R is 1, the axial velocity are more than 6
times of the radial velocity, the radial velocity has little impact on the
axial velocity in a fixed fluidized bed.