Abstract: Waterlogging reduces shoot and root growth and final
yield of wheat. Waterlogged sites have a combination of low slope,
high rainfall, heavy texture and low permeability. This study was
aimed the importance of waterlogging on root growth and wheat
yield. In order to study the effects of different waterlogging duration
(0, 10, 20 and 30 days) at growth stages (1-leaf stage, tillering stage
and stem elongation stage) on root growth of wheat cultivars
(Chamran, Vee/Nac and Yavaroos), one pot experiment was carried
out. The experiment was a factorial according to a RCBD with three
replications. Results showed that root dry weight and total root
length in the anthesis and grain ripening stages and biological and
grain yields were significantly different between cultivars, growth
stages and waterlogging durations. Vee/Nac was found superior with
respect to other cultivars. Susceptibility to waterlogging at different
growth stages for cultivars was 1-leaf stage > tillering stage > stem
elongation stage. Under waterlogging treatments, grain and
biological yields, were decreased 44.5 and 39.8%, respectively. Root
length and root dry weight were reduced 55.1 and 45.2%,
respectively, too. In this experiment, decrease at root growth because
of waterlogging reduced grain and biological yields. Based on the
results, even short period (10 days) of waterlogging had
unrecoverable effects on the root growth and grain yield of wheat.
Abstract: This paper explores the features of political economy in the dynamics of representative politics in India. Politics is seen as enhancing economic benefits through acquiring and maintenance of power in the realm of democratic set up. The system of representation is riddled with competitive populism. Emerging leaders and parties are forced to accommodate their ideologies in coping with competitive politics. Electoral politics and voting behaviour reflect series of influences mooted by the politicians. Voters are accustomed to expect benefits outs of state exchequer. The electoral competitors show a changing phase of investment and return policy. Every elector has to spend and realize his costs in his tenure. In the case of defeated electors, even the cost recovery is not possible directly; there are indirect means to recover their costs. The series of case studies show the method of party funding, campaign financing, electoral expenditure, and cost recovery. Regulations could not restrict the level of spending. Several cases of disproportionate accumulation of wealth by the politicians reveal that money played a major part in electoral process. The political economy of representative politics hitherto ignores how a politician spends and recovers his cost and multiples his wealth. To be sure, the acquiring and maintenance of power is to enhance the wealth of the electors.
Abstract: The Principal component regression (PCR) is a
combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression (MLR). The objective of this paper is to revise the
use of PCR in shortwave near infrared (SWNIR) (750-1000nm) spectral analysis. The idea of PCR was explained mathematically and
implemented in the non-destructive assessment of the soluble solid
content (SSC) of pineapple based on SWNIR spectral data. PCR achieved satisfactory results in this application with root mean
squared error of calibration (RMSEC) of 0.7611 Brix°, coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.5865 and root mean squared error of crossvalidation
(RMSECV) of 0.8323 Brix° with principal components
(PCs) of 14.
Abstract: This paper examines the factors, which determine
R&D outsourcing behaviour at Japanese firms, from the viewpoints of
transaction cost and strategic management, since the latter half of the
1990s. This study uses empirical analysis, which involves the
application of large-sample data. The principal findings of this paper
are listed below. Firms that belong to a wider corporate group are more
active in executing R&D outsourcing activities. Diversification
strategies such as the expansion of product and sales markets have a
positive effect on the R&D outsourcing behaviour of firms. Moreover,
while quantitative R&D resources have positive influences on R&D
outsourcing, qualitative indices have no effect. These facts suggest
that R&D outsourcing behaviour of Japanese firms are consistent with
the two perspectives of transaction cost and strategic management.
Specifically, a conventional corporate group network plays an
important role in R&D outsourcing behaviour. Firms that execute
R&D outsourcing leverage 'old' networks to construct 'new' networks
and use both networks properly.
Abstract: In this study three commercial semiconductor devices
were characterized in the laboratory for computed tomography
dosimetry: one photodiode and two phototransistors. It was evaluated
four responses to the irradiation: dose linearity, energy dependence,
angular dependence and loss of sensitivity after X ray exposure. The
results showed that the three devices have proportional response with
the air kerma; the energy dependence displayed for each device
suggests that some calibration factors would be applied for each one;
the angular dependence showed a similar pattern among the three
electronic components. In respect to the fourth parameter analyzed,
one phototransistor has the highest sensitivity however it also showed
the greatest loss of sensitivity with the accumulated dose. The
photodiode was the device with the smaller sensitivity to radiation,
on the other hand, the loss of sensitivity after irradiation is negligible.
Since high accuracy is a desired feature for a dosimeter, the
photodiode can be the most suitable of the three devices for
dosimetry in tomography. The phototransistors can also be used for
CT dosimetry, however it would be necessary a correction factor due
to loss of sensitivity with accumulated dose.
Abstract: An ontology is a data model that represents a set of
concepts in a given field and the relationships among those concepts.
As the emphasis on achieving a semantic web continues to escalate,
ontologies for all types of domains increasingly will be developed.
These ontologies may become large and complex, and as their size
and complexity grows, so will the need for multi-user interfaces for
ontology curation. Herein a functionally comprehensive, generic
approach to maintaining an ontology as a relational database is
presented. Unlike many other ontology editors that utilize a database,
this approach is entirely domain-generic and fully supports Webbased,
collaborative editing including the designation of different
levels of authorization for users.
Abstract: The main purpose of this research was to study how to
communicate the identity of the Amphawa district, Samut Songkram
province for sustainable tourism. The qualitative data was collected
through studying related materials, exploring the area, in-depth
interviews with three groups of people: three directly responsible
officers who were key informants of the district, twenty foreign
tourists and five Thai tourist guides. A content analysis was used to
analyze the qualitative data. The two main findings of the study were
as follows:
1. The identity of the Amphawa District, Samut Songkram
province is the area controlled by Amphawa sub district (submunicipality).
The working unit which runs and looks after
Amphawa sub district administration is known as the Amphawa
mayor. This establishment was built to be a resort for normal
people and tourists visiting the Amphawa district near the
Maekong River consisting of rest accommodations. Along the
river there is a restaurant where food and drinks are served, rich
mangrove forests, a learning center, fireflies and cork trees. The
Amphawa district was built to honor and commemorate King
Rama II and is where the greatest number of fireflies and cork
trees can be seen in Thailand from May to October each year.
2. The communication of the identity of Amphawa District, Samut
Songkram Province which the researcher could find and design
to present in English materials can be summed up in 5 items: 1)
The history of the Amphawa District, Samut Songkram province
2) The history of King Rama II Memorial Park 3) The identity of
Amphawa Floating Market 4) The Learning center of
Ecosystem: Fireflies and Cork Trees 5) How to keep Amphawa
District, Samut Songkram Province for sustainable tourism.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate twodimensional unsteady flow of a viscous incompressible fluid about stagnation point on permeable stretching sheet in presence of time dependent free stream velocity. Fluid is considered in the influence of transverse magnetic field in the presence of radiation effect. Rosseland approximation is use to model the radiative heat transfer. Using time-dependent stream function, partial differential equations corresponding to the momentum and energy equations are converted into non-linear ordinary differential equations. Numerical solutions of these equations are obtained by using Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method with the help of Newton-Raphson shooting technique. In the present work the effect of unsteadiness parameter, magnetic field parameter, radiation parameter, stretching parameter and the Prandtl number on flow and heat transfer characteristics have been discussed. Skin-friction coefficient and Nusselt number at the sheet are computed and discussed. The results reported in the paper are in good agreement with published work in literature by other researchers.
Abstract: Tailor-welded Blanks (TWBs) are tailor made for
different complex component designs by welding multiple metal
sheets with different thicknesses, shapes, coatings or strengths prior
to forming. In this study the Hemispherical Die Stretching (HDS) test
(out-of-plane stretching) of TWBs were simulated via
ABAQUS/Explicit to obtain the Forming Limit Diagrams (FLDs) of
Stainless steel (AISI 304) laser welded blanks with different
thicknesses. Two criteria were used to detect the start of necking to
determine the FLD for TWBs and parent sheet metals. These two
criteria are the second derivatives of the major and thickness strains
that are given from the strain history of simulation. In the other word,
in these criteria necking starts when the second derivative of
thickness or major strain reaches its maximum. With having the time
of onset necking, one can measure the major and minor strains at the
critical area and determine the forming limit curve.
Abstract: An application framework provides a reusable
design and implementation for a family of software systems.
Frameworks are introduced to reduce the cost of a product line
(i.e., family of products that share the common features). Software
testing is a time consuming and costly ongoing activity during the
application software development process. Generating reusable test
cases for the framework applications at the framework
development stage, and providing and using the test cases to test
part of the framework application whenever the framework is used
reduces the application development time and cost considerably.
Framework Interface Classes (FICs) are classes introduced by
the framework hooks to be implemented at the application
development stage. They can have reusable test cases generated at
the framework development stage and provided with the
framework to test the implementations of the FICs at the
application development stage. In this paper, we conduct a case
study using thirteen applications developed using three
frameworks; one domain oriented and two application oriented.
The results show that, in general, the percentage of the number of
FICs in the applications developed using domain frameworks is, on
average, greater than the percentage of the number of FICs in the
applications developed using application frameworks.
Consequently, the reduction of the application unit testing time
using the reusable test cases generated for domain frameworks is,
in general, greater than the reduction of the application unit testing
time using the reusable test cases generated for application
frameworks.
Abstract: In this paper, a near lossless image coding scheme
based on Orthogonal Polynomials Transform (OPT) has been
presented. The polynomial operators and polynomials basis operators
are obtained from set of orthogonal polynomials functions for the
proposed transform coding. The image is partitioned into a number of
distinct square blocks and the proposed transform coding is applied to
each of these individually. After applying the proposed transform
coding, the transformed coefficients are rearranged into a sub-band
structure. The Embedded Zerotree (EZ) coding algorithm is then
employed to quantize the coefficients. The proposed transform is
implemented for various block sizes and the performance is
compared with existing Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) transform
coding scheme.
Abstract: The operating control parameters of injection
flushing type of electrical discharge machining process on stainless
steel 304 workpiece with copper tools are being optimized
according to its individual machining characteristic i.e. material
removal rate (MRR). Lower MRR during EDM machining process
may decrease its- machining productivity. Hence, the quality
characteristic for MRR is set to higher-the-better to achieve the
optimum machining productivity. Taguchi method has been used
for the construction, layout and analysis of the experiment for each
of the machining characteristic for the MRR. The use of Taguchi
method in the experiment saves a lot of time and cost of preparing
and machining the experiment samples. Therefore, an L18
Orthogonal array which was the fundamental component in the
statistical design of experiments has been used to plan the
experiments and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used to
determine the optimum machining parameters for this machining
characteristic. The control parameters selected for this
optimization experiments are polarity, pulse on duration, discharge
current, discharge voltage, machining depth, machining diameter
and dielectric liquid pressure. The result had shown that the higher
the discharge voltage, the higher will be the MRR.
Abstract: One of the most important issues in multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is to determine the weights of criteria so that all alternatives can be compared based on the collective performance of criteria. In this paper, one of popular methods in data envelopment analysis (DEA) known as common weights (CWs) is used to determine the weights in MCDA. Two frontiers named ideal and anti-ideal frontiers, instead of ideal and anti-ideal alternatives, are defined based on two new proposed CWs models. Ideal and antiideal frontiers are more flexible than that of alternatives. According to the optimal solutions of these two models, the distances of an alternative from the ideal and anti-ideal frontiers are derived. Then, a relative distance is introduced to measure the value of each alternative. The suggested models are linear and despite weight restrictions are feasible. An example is presented for explaining the method and for comparing to the existing literature.
Abstract: DNA microarray technology is widely used by
geneticists to diagnose or treat diseases through gene expression.
This technology is based on the hybridization of a tissue-s DNA
sequence into a substrate and the further analysis of the image
formed by the thousands of genes in the DNA as green, red or yellow
spots. The process of DNA microarray image analysis involves
finding the location of the spots and the quantification of the
expression level of these. In this paper, a tool to perform DNA
microarray image analysis is presented, including a spot addressing
method based on the image projections, the spot segmentation
through contour based segmentation and the extraction of relevant
information due to gene expression.
Abstract: The nanotechnology based on epitaxial systems
includes single or arranged misfit dislocations. In general, whatever
is the type of dislocation or the geometry of the array formed by the
dislocations; it is important for experimental studies to know exactly
the stress distribution for which there is no analytical expression [1,
2]. This work, using a numerical analysis, deals with relaxation of
epitaxial layers having at their interface a periodic network of edge
misfit dislocations. The stress distribution is estimated by using
isotropic elasticity. The results show that the thickness of the two
sheets is a crucial parameter in the stress distributions and then in the
profile of the two sheets.
A comparative study between the case of single dislocation and
the case of parallel network shows that the layers relaxed better when
the interface is covered by a parallel arrangement of misfit.
Consequently, a single dislocation at the interface produces an
important stress field which can be reduced by inserting a parallel
network of dislocations with suitable periodicity.
Abstract: Over the course of the past century, the global
automotive industry-s stance towards safety has evolved from one of
contempt to one nearing reverence. A suspension system that
provides safe handling and cornering capabilities can, with the help
of an efficient braking system, improve safety to a large extent. The
aim of this research is to propose a new automotive brake rotor
design and to compare it with automotive vented disk rotor. Static
structural and transient thermal analysis have been carried out on the
vented disk rotor and proposed rotor designs to evaluate and compare
their performance. Finite element analysis was employed for both
static structural and transient thermal analysis. Structural analysis
was carried out to study the stress and deformation pattern of the
rotors under extreme loads. Time varying temperature load was
applied on the rotors and the temperature distribution was analysed
considering cooling parameters (convection and radiation). This
dissertation illustrates the use of Finite Element Methods to examine
models, concluding with a comparative study of the proposed rotor
design and the conventional vented disk rotor for structural stability
and thermal efficiency.
Abstract: The High Voltage (HV) transmission mains into the community necessitate earthing design to ensure safety compliance of the system. Concrete poles are widely used within HV transmission mains; which could have an impact on the earth grid impedance and input impedance of the system from the fault point of view. This paper provides information on concrete pole earthing to enhance the split factor of the system; further, it discusses the deployment of concrete structures in high soil resistivity area to reduce the earth grid system of the plant. This paper introduces the cut off soil resistivity SC ρ when replacing timber poles with concrete ones.
Abstract: IPsec protocol[1] is a set of security extensions
developed by the IETF and it provides privacy and authentication
services at the IP layer by using modern cryptography. In this paper,
we describe both of H/W and S/W architectures of our router system,
SRS-10. The system is designed to support high performance routing
and IPsec VPN. Especially, we used Cavium-s CN2560 processor to
implement IPsec processing in inline-mode.
Abstract: After Apple's first introduction its smart phone, iPhone
in the end of 2009 in Korea, the number of Korean smarphone users
had been rapidly increasing so that the half of Korean population
became smart phone users as of February, 2012. Currently, smart
phones are positioned as a major digital media with powerful
influences in Korea. And, now, Koreans are leaning new information,
enjoying games and communicating other people every time and
everywhere. As smart phone devices' performances increased, the
number of usable services became more while adequate GUI
developments are required to implement various functions with smart
phones. The strategy to provide similar experiences on smart phones
through familiar features based on employment of existing media's
functions mostly contributed to smart phones' popularization in
connection with smart phone devices' iconic GUIs.
The spread of Smart phone increased mobile web accesses.
Therefore, the attempts to implement PC's web in the smart phone's
web are continuously made. The mobile web GUI provides familiar
experiences to users through designs adequately utilizing the smart
phone's GUIs. As the number of users familiarized to smart phones
and mobile web GUIs, opposite to reversed remediation from many
parts of PCs, PCs are starting to adapt smart phone GUIs.
This study defines this phenomenon as the reversed remediation,
and reviews the reversed remediation cases of Smart phone GUI'
characteristics of PCs. For this purpose, the established study issues
are as under:
· what is the reversed remediation?
· what are the smart phone GUI's characteristics?
· what kind of interrelationship exist s between the smart phone and
PC's web site?
It is meaningful in the forecast of the future GUI's change by
understanding of characteristics in the paradigm changes of PC and
smart phone's GUI designs. This also will be helpful to establish
strategies for digital devices' development and design.
Abstract: It is well known that enhancing interfacial adhesion
between inorganic filler and matrix resin in a composite lead to
favorable properties such as excellent mechanical properties, high
thermal resistance, prominent electric insulation, low expansion
coefficient, and so on. But it should be avoided that much excess of
coupling agent is reacted due to a negative impact of their final
composite-s properties. There is no report to achieve classification of
the bonding state excepting investigation of coating layer thickness.
Therefore, the analysis of the bonding state of the coupling agent
reacted with the filler surface such as BN particles with less functional
group and silica particles having much functional group was
performed by thermal gravimetric analysis and pyrolysis GC/MS. The
reacted number of functional groups on the silane-coupling agent was
classified as a result of the analysis. Thus, we succeeded in classifying
the reacted number of the functional groups as a result of this study.