Abstract: New advancement of technology and never satisfying demands of the civilization are putting huge pressure on the natural fuel resources and these resources are at a constant threat to its sustainability. To get the best out of the automobile, the optimum balance between performance and fuel economy is important. In the present state of art, either of the above two aspects are taken into mind while designing and development process which puts the other in the loss as increase in fuel economy leads to decrement in performance and vice-versa. In-depth observation of the vehicle dynamics apparently shows that large amount of energy is lost during braking and likewise large amount of fuel is consumed to reclaim the initial state, this leads to lower fuel efficiency to gain the same performance. Current use of Kinetic Energy Recovery System is only limited to sports vehicles only because of the higher cost of this system. They are also temporary in nature as power can be squeezed only during a small time duration and use of superior parts leads to high cost, which results on concentration on performance only and neglecting the fuel economy. In this paper Kinetic Energy Recovery System for storing the power and then using the same while accelerating has been discussed. The major storing element in this system is a Flat Spiral Spring that will store energy by compression and torsion.
The use of spring ensure the permanent storage of energy until used by the driver unlike present mechanical regeneration system in which the energy stored decreases with time and is eventually lost. A combination of internal gears and spur gears will be used in order to make the energy release uniform which will lead to safe usage. The system can be used to improve the fuel efficiency by assisting in overcoming the vehicle’s inertia after braking or to provide instant acceleration whenever required by the driver. The performance characteristics of the system including response time, mechanical efficiency and overall increase in efficiency are demonstrated. This technology makes the KERS (Kinetic Energy Recovery System) more flexible and economical allowing specific application while at the same time increasing the time frame and ease of usage.
Abstract: SVM ( Support Vector Machine ) is a new method in the artificial neural network ( ANN ). In the steel making, how to use computer to predict the end point of BOF accuracy is a great problem. A lot of method and theory have been claimed, but most of the results is not satisfied. Now the hot topic in the BOF end point predicting is to use optical way the predict the end point in the BOF. And we found that there exist some regular in the characteristic curve of the flame from the mouse of pudding. And we can use SVM to predict end point of the BOF, just single spectrum intensity should be required as the input parameter. Moreover, its compatibility for the input space is better than the BP network.
Abstract: The most suitable Semiconductor detector, Cadmium
Zinc Teloraid , has unique properties because of high Atomic number
and wide Brand Gap . It has been tried in this project with different
processes such as Lead , Diffusion , Produce and Recombination ,
effect of Trapping and injection carrier of CdZnTe , to get hole and
then present a complete answer of it . Then we should investigate the
movement of carrier ( Electron – Hole ) by using above answer.
Abstract: With the advent of emerging personal computing paradigms such as ubiquitous and mobile computing, Web contents are becoming accessible from a wide range of mobile devices. Since these devices do not have the same rendering capabilities, Web contents need to be adapted for transparent access from a variety of client agents. Such content adaptation results in better rendering and faster delivery to the client device. Nevertheless, Web content adaptation sets new challenges for semantic markup. This paper presents an advanced components platform, called MorfeoSMC, enabling the development of mobility applications and services according to a channel model based on Services Oriented Architecture (SOA) principles. It then goes on to describe the potential for integration with the Semantic Web through a novel framework of external semantic annotation of mobile Web contents. The role of semantic annotation in this framework is to describe the contents of individual documents themselves, assuring the preservation of the semantics during the process of adapting content rendering, as well as to exploit these semantic annotations in a novel user profile-aware content adaptation process. Semantic Web content adaptation is a way of adding value to and facilitates repurposing of Web contents (enhanced browsing, Web Services location and access, etc).
Abstract: In this work we report on preliminary analysis of a novel optoelectronic gas sensor based on an optical fiber integrated with a tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS) thin film. The sensitive materials are selectively deposited on the core region of a fiber tip by UV light induced deposition technique. A simple and cheap process which can be easily extended to different porphyrin derivatives. When the TPPS film on the fiber tip is exposed to acid and/or base vapors, dramatic changes occur in the aggregation structure of the dye molecules in the film, from J- to H-type, resulting in a profound modification of their corresponding reflectance spectra. From the achieved experimental results it is evident that the presence of intense and narrow band peaks in the reflected spectra could be monitored to detect hazardous vapors.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a fuzzy aggregate
production planning (APP) model for blending problem in a brass
factory which is the problem of computing optimal amounts of raw
materials for the total production of several types of brass in a
period. The model has deterministic and imprecise parameters
which follows triangular possibility distributions. The brass casting
APP model can not always be solved by using common approaches
used in the literature. Therefore a mathematical model is presented
for solving this problem. In the proposed model, the Lai and
Hwang-s fuzzy ranking concept is relaxed by using one constraint
instead of three constraints. An application of the brass casting
APP model in a brass factory shows that the proposed model
successfully solves the multi-blend problem in casting process and
determines the optimal raw material purchasing policies.
Abstract: The conjugate gradient optimization algorithm is combined with the modified back propagation algorithm to yield a computationally efficient algorithm for training multilayer perceptron (MLP) networks (CGFR/AG). The computational efficiency is enhanced by adaptively modifying initial search direction as described in the following steps: (1) Modification on standard back propagation algorithm by introducing a gain variation term in the activation function, (2) Calculation of the gradient descent of error with respect to the weights and gains values and (3) the determination of a new search direction by using information calculated in step (2). The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparing accuracy and computation time with the conjugate gradient algorithm used in MATLAB neural network toolbox. The results show that the computational efficiency of the proposed method was better than the standard conjugate gradient algorithm.
Abstract: Computer-mediated communication technologies which provide for virtual communities have typically evolved in a cross-dichotomous manner, such that technical constructs of the technology have evolved independently from the social environment of the community. The present paper analyses some limitations of current implementations of computer-mediated communication technology that are implied by such a dichotomy, and discusses their inhibiting effects on possible developments of virtual communities. A Socio-Technical Indicator Model is introduced that utilizes integrated feedback to describe, simulate and operationalise increasing representativeness within a variety of structurally and parametrically diverse systems. In illustration, applications of the model are briefly described for financial markets and for eco-systems. A detailed application is then provided to resolve the aforementioned technical limitations of moderation on the evolution of virtual communities. The application parameterises virtual communities to function as self-transforming social-technical systems which are sensitive to emergent and shifting community values as products of on-going communications within the collective.
Abstract: Software reuse can be considered as the most realistic
and promising way to improve software engineering productivity and
quality. Automated assistance for software reuse involves the
representation, classification, retrieval and adaptation of components.
The representation and retrieval of components are important to
software reuse in Component-Based on Software Development
(CBSD). However, current industrial component models mainly focus
on the implement techniques and ignore the semantic information
about component, so it is difficult to retrieve the components that
satisfy user-s requirements. This paper presents a method of business
component retrieval based on specification matching to solve the
software reuse of enterprise information system. First, a business
component model oriented reuse is proposed. In our model, the
business data type is represented as sign data type based on XML,
which can express the variable business data type that can describe the
variety of business operations. Based on this model, we propose
specification match relationships in two levels: business operation
level and business component level. In business operation level, we
use input business data types, output business data types and the
taxonomy of business operations evaluate the similarity between
business operations. In the business component level, we propose five
specification matches between business components. To retrieval
reusable business components, we propose the measure of similarity
degrees to calculate the similarities between business components.
Finally, a business component retrieval command like SQL is
proposed to help user to retrieve approximate business components
from component repository.
Abstract: This paper investigates the influence of various
parameters on the behaviour of water droplets on polymeric surfaces
under high electric fields. An inclined plane test was carried out to
understand the droplet behaviour in strong electric field. Parameters
such as water droplet conductivity, droplet volume, polymeric
surface roughness and droplet positioning with respect to the
electrodes were studied. The flashover voltage is affected by all
aforementioned parameters. The droplet positioning is in some cases
more vital than the droplet volume. Surface damages were analysed
using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies and by Energy
dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX). It is observes that magnitude of
discharge have direct influence on amount of surface da
Abstract: Electromagnetic flowmeters with DC excitation are used for a wide range of fluid measurement tasks, but are rarely found in dosing applications with short measurement cycles due to the achievable accuracy. This paper will identify a number of factors that influence the accuracy of this sensor type when used for short-term measurements. Based on these results a new signal-processing algorithm will be described that overcomes the identified problems to some extend. This new method allows principally a higher accuracy of electromagnetic flowmeters with DC excitation than traditional methods.
Abstract: The paper is included within the framework of a
complex research program, which was initiated from the hypothesis
arguing on the existence of a correlation between pineal indolic and
peptide hormones and the somatic development rhythm, including
thus the epithalamium-epiphysis complex involvement. At birds,
pineal gland contains a circadian oscillator, playing a main role in the
temporal organization of the cerebral functions. The secretion of
pineal indolic hormones is characterized by a high endogenous
rhythmic alternation, modulated by the light/darkness (L/D)
succession and by temperature as well. The research has been carried
out using 100 chicken broilers - “Ross" commercial hybrid,
randomly allocated in two experimental batches: Lc batch, reared
under a 12L/12D lighting schedule and Lexp batch, which was photic
pinealectomised through continuous exposition to light (150 lux, 24
hours, 56 days). Chemical and physical features of the meat issued
from breast fillet and thighs muscles have been studied, determining
the dry matter, proteins, fat, collagen, salt content and pH value, as
well. Besides the variations of meat chemical composition in relation
with lighting schedule, other parameters have been studied: live
weight dynamics, feed intake and somatic development degree. The
achieved results became significant since chickens have 7 days of
age, some variations of the studied parameters being registered,
revealing that the pineal gland physiologic activity, in relation with
the lighting schedule, could be interpreted through the monitoring of
the somatic development technological parameters, usually studied
within the chicken broilers rearing aviculture practice.
Abstract: This paper solves the Non Linear Schrodinger
Equation using the Split Step Fourier method for modeling an optical
fiber. The model generates a complex wave of optical pulses and
using the results obtained two graphs namely Loss versus
Wavelength and Dispersion versus Wavelength are generated. Taking
Chromatic Dispersion and Polarization Mode Dispersion losses into
account, the graphs generated are compared with the graphs
formulated by JDS Uniphase Corporation which uses standard values
of dispersion for optical fibers. The graphs generated when compared
with the JDS Uniphase Corporation plots were found to be more or
less similar thus verifying that the model proposed is right.
MATLAB software was used for doing the modeling.
Abstract: In this paper we present an energy efficient match-line
(ML) sensing scheme for high-speed ternary content-addressable
memory (TCAM). The proposed scheme isolates the sensing unit of
the sense amplifier from the large and variable ML capacitance. It
employs feedback in the sense amplifier to successfully detect a
match while keeping the ML voltage swing low. This reduced voltage
swing results in large energy saving. Simulation performed using
130nm 1.2V CMOS logic shows at least 30% total energy saving in
our scheme compared to popular current race (CR) scheme for
similar search speed. In terms of speed, dynamic energy, peak power
consumption and transistor count our scheme also shows better
performance than mismatch-dependant (MD) power allocation
technique which also employs feedback in the sense amplifier.
Additionally, the implementation of our scheme is simpler than CR
or MD scheme because of absence of analog control voltage and
programmable delay circuit as have been used in those schemes.
Abstract: Inspired by the recent experiments [1]-[3] indicating
unusual doubly magic nucleus 24O which lies just at the neutron
drip-line and encouraged by the success of our relativistic mean-field
(RMF) plus state dependent BCS approach for the description of
the ground state properties of the drip-line nuclei [23]-[27], we have
further employed this approach, across the entire periodic table, to
explore the unusual shell closures in exotic nuclei. In our RMF+BCS
approach the single particle continuum corresponding to the RMF is
replaced by a set of discrete positive energy states for the calculations
of pairing energy. Detailed analysis of the single particle spectrum,
pairing energies and densities of the nuclei predict the unusual proton
shell closures at Z = 6, 14, 16, 34, and unusual neutron shell closures
at N = 6, 14, 16, 34, 40, 70, 112.
Abstract: An HPLC-UV analytical method was developed to
determine ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in dairy
wastewater and surface water. The optimizing separation was achieved
by reversed–phase ion-pair liquid chromatography on a C18 column
using methanol as mobile phase solvent, tetrabutylammonium bromide
as the ion-pair reagent in pH 3.3 formate buffer solution at a flow rate
of 0.9 mL min-1 with a UV detector at 265 nm. No interference of Ca,
Mg or NO3
- was detected. Method performance was evaluated in terms
of linearity, repeatability and reproducibility. The method detection
limit was 5 μg L-1. The contents of EDTA in dairy effluents were 72 ~
261 μg L-1 at a large dairy site. A change of EDTA concentration was
observed downstream of the dairy effluent discharge, but this was well
under the predicted no effect concentration for aquatic ecosystem.
Abstract: Network on a chip (NoC) has been proposed as a viable solution to counter the inefficiency of buses in the current VLSI on-chip interconnects. However, as the silicon chip accommodates more transistors, the probability of transient faults is increasing, making fault tolerance a key concern in scaling chips. In packet based communication on a chip, transient failures can corrupt the data packet and hence, undermine the accuracy of data communication. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of transient fault tolerant techniques including end-to-end, node-by-node, and stochastic communication based on flooding principle.
Abstract: The rapid expansion of the web is causing the
constant growth of information, leading to several problems such as
increased difficulty of extracting potentially useful knowledge. Web
content mining confronts this problem gathering explicit information
from different web sites for its access and knowledge discovery.
Query interfaces of web databases share common building blocks.
After extracting information with parsing approach, we use a new
data mining algorithm to match a large number of schemas in
databases at a time. Using this algorithm increases the speed of
information matching. In addition, instead of simple 1:1 matching,
they do complex (m:n) matching between query interfaces. In this
paper we present a novel correlation mining algorithm that matches
correlated attributes with smaller cost. This algorithm uses Jaccard
measure to distinguish positive and negative correlated attributes.
After that, system matches the user query with different query
interfaces in special domain and finally chooses the nearest query
interface with user query to answer to it.
Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks consist of small battery
powered devices with limited energy resources. once deployed, the
small sensor nodes are usually inaccessible to the user, and thus
replacement of the energy source is not feasible. Hence, One of the
most important issues that needs to be enhanced in order to improve
the life span of the network is energy efficiency. to overcome this
demerit many research have been done. The clustering is the one of
the representative approaches. in the clustering, the cluster heads
gather data from nodes and sending them to the base station. In this
paper, we introduce a dynamic clustering algorithm using genetic
algorithm. This algorithm takes different parameters into
consideration to increase the network lifetime. To prove efficiency of
proposed algorithm, we simulated the proposed algorithm compared
with LEACH algorithm using the matlab
Abstract: The adaptive backstepping controller for inverted pendulum is designed by using the general motion control model. Backstepping is a novel nonlinear control technique based on the Lyapunov design approach, used when higher derivatives of parameter estimation appear. For easy parameter adaptation, the mathematical model of the inverted pendulum converted into the motion control model. This conversion is performed by taking functions of unknown parameters and dynamics of the system. By using motion control model equations, inverted pendulum is simulated without any information about not only parameters but also measurable dynamics. Also these results are compare with the adaptive backstepping controller which extended with integral action that given from [1].