Abstract: Aldehydes as secondary lipid oxidation products are highly specific to the oxidative degradation of particular polyunsaturated fatty acids present in foods. Gas chromatographic analysis of those volatile compounds has been widely used for monitoring of the deterioration of food products. Developed static headspace gas chromatography method using flame ionization detector (SHS GC FID) was applied to monitor the aldehydes present in processed foods such as bakery, meat and confectionary products.
Five selected aldehydes were determined in samples without any sample preparation, except grinding for bakery and meat products. SHS–GC analysis allows the separation of propanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal and octanal, within 15min. Aldehydes were quantified in fresh and stored samples, and the obtained range of aldehydes in crackers was 1.62±0.05 – 9.95±0.05mg/kg, in sausages 6.62±0.46 – 39.16±0.39mg/kg; and in cocoa spread cream 0.48±0.01 – 1.13±0.02mg/kg. Referring to the obtained results, the following can be concluded, proposed method is suitable for different types of samples, content of aldehydes varies depending on the type of a sample, and differs in fresh and stored samples of the same type.
Abstract: In Algeria, now, the oil pumping plants are fed with electric power by independent local sources. This type of feeding has many advantages (little climatic influence, independent operation). However it requires a qualified maintenance staff, a rather high frequency of maintenance and repair and additional fuel costs. Taking into account the increasing development of the national electric supply network (Sonelgaz), a real possibility of transfer of the local sources towards centralized sources appears.These latter cannot only be more economic but more reliable than the independent local sources as well. In order to carry out this transfer, it is necessary to work out an optimal strategy to rebuilding these networks taking in account the economic parameters and the indices of reliability.
Abstract: This paper describes the smart energy monitoring system with a wireless sensor network for monitoring of electrical usage in smart house. Proposed system is composed of wireless plugs and energy control wallpad server. The wireless plug integrates an AC power socket, a relay to switch the socket ON/OFF, a Hall effect sensor to sense current of load appliance and a Kmote. The Kmote is a wireless communication interface based on TinyOS. We evaluated wireless plug in a laboratory, analyzed and presented energy consumption data from electrical appliances for 3 months in home.
Abstract: The Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) with double populations is applied to solve the steady-state laminar natural convective heat transfer in a triangular cavity filled with water. The bottom wall is heated, the vertical wall is cooled, and the inclined wall is kept adiabatic. The buoyancy effect was modeled by applying the Boussinesq approximation to the momentum equation. The fluid velocity is determined by D2Q9 LBM and the energy equation is discritized by D2Q4 LBM to compute the temperature field. Comparisons with previously published work are performed and found to be in excellent agreement. Numerical results are obtained for a wide range of parameters: the Rayleigh number from to and the inclination angle from 0° to 360°. Flow and thermal fields were exhibited by means of streamlines and isotherms. It is observed that inclination angle can be used as a relevant parameter to control heat transfer in right-angled triangular enclosures.
Abstract: A retrospective study was undertaken to record the
occurrence and pattern of fractures in small animals (dogs and cats)
from year 2005 to 2010. A total of 650 cases were presented in small
animal surgery unit out of which of 116 (dogs and cats) were
presented with history of fractures of different bones. A total of
17.8% (116/650) cases were of fractures which constituted dogs 67%
while cats were 23%. The majority of animals were intact. Trauma in
the form of road side accident was the principal cause of fractures in
dogs whereas as in cats it was fall from height. The ages of the
fractured dog ranged from 4 months to 12 years whereas in cat it was
from 4 weeks to 10 years. The femoral fractures represented 37.5%
and 25% respectively in dogs and cats. Diaphysis, distal metaphyseal
and supracondylar fractures were the most affected sites in dog and
cats. Tibial fracture in dogs and cats represented 21.5% and 10%
while humoral fractures were 7.9% and 14% in dogs and cats
respectively. Humoral condyler fractures were most commonly seen
in puppies aged 4 to 6 months. Fractured radius-ulna incidence was
19% and 14% in dogs and cats respectively. Other fractures recorded
were of lumbar vertebrae, mandible and metacarpals etc. The
management comprised of external and internal fixation in both the
species. The most common internal fixation technique employed was
Intramedullary fixation in long followed by other methods like stack
or cross pinning, wiring etc as per findings in the cases. The cast
bandage was used majorly as mean for external coaptation. The
paper discusses the outcome of the case as per the technique
employed.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze influence of
differences of heat insulation methods on indoor thermal environment and comfort of apartment buildings.
This study analyzes indoor thermal environment and comfort on units of apartment buildings using calculation software "THERB" and
compares three different kinds of heat insulation methods. Those are
outside insulation on outside walls, inside insulation on outside walls and interior insulation. In terms of indoor thermal environment, outside insulation is the best to stabilize room temperature. In winter, room temperature on
outside insulation after heating is higher than other and it is kept 3-5 degrees higher through all night. But the surface temperature with
outside insulation did not dramatically increase when heating was used, which was 3 to 5oC lower than the temperature with other
insulation. The PMV of interior insulation fall nearly range of comfort when the heating and cooling was use.
Abstract: A 1.2 V, 0.61 mA bias current, low noise amplifier
(LNA) suitable for low-power applications in the 2.4 GHz band is
presented. Circuit has been implemented, laid out and simulated using
a UMC 130 nm RF-CMOS process. The amplifier provides a 13.3 dB
power gain a noise figure NF< 2.28 dB and a 1-dB compression point
of -15.69 dBm, while dissipating 0.74 mW. Such performance make
this design suitable for wireless sensor networks applications such as
ZigBee.
Abstract: This paper presents a comparative analysis of a new
unsupervised PCA-based technique for steel plates texture segmentation
towards defect detection. The proposed scheme called Variance
Based Component Analysis or VBCA employs PCA for feature
extraction, applies a feature reduction algorithm based on variance of
eigenpictures and classifies the pixels as defective and normal. While
the classic PCA uses a clusterer like Kmeans for pixel clustering,
VBCA employs thresholding and some post processing operations to
label pixels as defective and normal. The experimental results show
that proposed algorithm called VBCA is 12.46% more accurate and
78.85% faster than the classic PCA.
Abstract: In this paper a novel method was presented for
evaluating the fabric pills using digital image processing techniques. This work provides a novel technique for
detecting pills and also measuring their heights, surfaces and
volumes. Surely, measuring the intensity of defects by human vision is an inaccurate method for quality control; as a result, this problem became a motivation for employing digital image processing techniques for detection of defects of fabric
surface. In the former works, the systems were just limited to measuring of the surface of defects, but in the presented
method the height and the volume of defects were also
measured, which leads to a more accurate quality control. An algorithm was developed to first, find pills and then measure their average intensity by using three criteria of height, surface
and volume. The results showed a meaningful relation
between the number of rotations and the quality of pilled fabrics.
Abstract: The purpose of the present study is the calculation of Gutenber-Richter parameters (a, b) and analyze the mean annual rate of exceedance of earthquake magnitude (Om ) of southern segment of the Sagaing fault and its associate components. The study area is situated about 200 km radius centered at Yangon. Earthquake data file is using from 1975 to 2006 August 31. The bounded Gutenberg- Richter recurrence law for 0 M is 4.0 and max M is 7.5.
Abstract: Knowledge about the magnetic quantities in a magnetic circuit is always of great interest. On the one hand, this information is needed for the simulation of a transformer. On the other hand, parameter studies are more reliable, if the magnetic quantities are derived from a well established model. One possibility to model the 3-phase transformer is by using a magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC). Though this is a well known system, it is often not an easy task to set up such a model for a large number of lumped elements which additionally includes the nonlinear characteristic of the magnetic material. Here we show the setup of a solver for a MEC and the results of the calculation in comparison to measurements taken. The equations of the MEC are based on a rearranged system of the nodal analysis. Thus it is possible to achieve a minimum number of equations, and a clear and simple structure. Hence, it is uncomplicated in its handling and it supports the iteration process. Additional helpful tasks are implemented within the solver to enhance the performance. The electric circuit is described by an electric equivalent circuit (EEC). Our results for the 3-phase transformer demonstrate the computational efficiency of the solver, and show the benefit of the application of a MEC.
Abstract: Switched-mode converters play now a significant role in
modern society. Their operation are often crucial in various electrical
applications affecting the every day life. Therefore, the quality of
the converters needs to be reliably verified. Recent studies have
shown that the converters can be fully characterized by a set of
frequency responses which can be efficiently used to validate the
proper operation of the converters. Consequently, several methods
have been proposed to measure the frequency responses fast and
accurately. Most often correlation-based techniques have been applied.
The presented measurement methods are highly sensitive to
external errors and system nonlinearities. This fact has been often
forgotten and the necessary uncertainty analysis of the measured
responses has been neglected. This paper presents a simple approach
to analyze the noise and nonlinearities in the frequency-response
measurements of switched-mode converters. Coherence analysis is
applied to form a confidence interval characterizing the noise and
nonlinearities involved in the measurements. The presented method is
verified by practical measurements from a high-frequency switchedmode
converter.
Abstract: Mostly the systems are dealing with time varying
signals. The Power efficiency can be achieved by adapting the system
activity according to the input signal variations. In this context
an adaptive rate filtering technique, based on the level crossing sampling
is devised. It adapts the sampling frequency and the filter order
by following the input signal local variations. Thus, it correlates the
processing activity with the signal variations. Interpolation is required
in the proposed technique. A drastic reduction in the interpolation
error is achieved by employing the symmetry during the interpolation
process. Processing error of the proposed technique is
calculated. The computational complexity of the proposed filtering
technique is deduced and compared to the classical one. Results
promise a significant gain of the computational efficiency and hence
of the power consumption.
Abstract: Producing companies aspire to high delivery
availability despite appearing disruptions. To ensure high delivery
availability safety stocksare required. Howeversafety stock leads to
additional capital commitment and compensates disruptions instead
of solving the reasons.The intention is to increase the stability in
production by configuring the production planning and control
systematically. Thus the safety stock can be reduced. The largest
proportion of inventory in producing companies is caused by batch
inventory, schedule deviations and variability of demand rates.These
reasons for high inventory levels can be reduced by configuring the
production planning and control specifically. Hence the inventory
level can be reduced. This is enabled by synchronizing the lot size
straightening the demand as well as optimizing the releasing order,
sequencing and capacity control.
Abstract: The values of managers and employees in organizations are phenomena that have captured the interest of researchers at large. Despite this attention, there continues to be a lack of agreement on what values are and how they influence individuals, or how they are constituted in individuals- mind. In this article content-based approach is presented as alternative reference frame for exploring values. In content-based approach human thinking in different contexts is set at the focal point. Differences in valuations can be explained through the information contents of mental representations. In addition to the information contents, attention is devoted to those cognitive processes through which mental representations of values are constructed. Such informational contents are in decisive role for understanding human behavior. By applying content-based analysis to an examination of values as mental representations, it is possible to reach a deeper to the motivational foundation of behaviors, such as decision making in organizational procedures, through understanding the structure and meanings of specific values at play.
Abstract: Granular computing deals with representation of information in the form of some aggregates and related methods for transformation and analysis for problem solving. A granulation scheme based on clustering and Rough Set Theory is presented with focus on structured conceptualization of information has been presented in this paper. Experiments for the proposed method on four labeled data exhibit good result with reference to classification problem. The proposed granulation technique is semi-supervised imbibing global as well as local information granulation. To represent the results of the attribute oriented granulation a tree structure is proposed in this paper.
Abstract: The main focus of this paper is on the human induced
forces. Almost all existing force models for this type of load (defined
either in the time or frequency domain) are developed from the
assumption of perfect periodicity of the force and are based on force
measurements conducted on rigid (i.e. high frequency) surfaces. To
verify the different authors conclusions the vertical pressure
measurements invoked during the walking was performed, using
pressure gauges in various configurations. The obtained forces are
analyzed using Fourier transformation. This load is often decisive in
the design of footbridges. Design criteria and load models proposed
by widely used standards and other researchers were introduced and a
comparison was made.
Abstract: In this paper, mathematical models for permutation flow shop scheduling and job shop scheduling problems are proposed. The first problem is based on a mixed integer programming model. As the problem is NP-complete, this model can only be used for smaller instances where an optimal solution can be computed. For large instances, another model is proposed which is suitable for solving the problem by stochastic heuristic methods. For the job shop scheduling problem, a mathematical model and its main representation schemes are presented.
Abstract: In this paper a simple watermarking method for
color images is proposed. The proposed method is based on
watermark embedding for the histograms of the HSV planes
using visual cryptography watermarking. The method has
been proved to be robust for various image processing
operations such as filtering, compression, additive noise, and
various geometrical attacks such as rotation, scaling, cropping,
flipping, and shearing.
Abstract: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) combined
with the Confocal Microscopy, as a noninvasive method, permits the
determinations of materials defects in the ceramic layers depth. For
this study 256 anterior and posterior metal and integral ceramic fixed
partial dentures were used, made with Empress (Ivoclar), Wollceram
and CAD/CAM (Wieland) technology. For each investigate area 350
slices were obtain and a 3D reconstruction was perform from each
stuck. The Optical Coherent Tomography, as a noninvasive method,
can be used as a control technique in integral ceramic technology,
before placing those fixed partial dentures in the oral cavity. The
purpose of this study is to evaluate the capability of En face Optical
Coherence Tomography (OCT) combined with a fluorescent method
in detection and analysis of possible material defects in metalceramic
and integral ceramic fixed partial dentures. As a conclusion,
it is important to have a non invasive method to investigate fixed
partial prostheses before their insertion in the oral cavity in order to
satisfy the high stress requirements and the esthetic function.