Abstract: The epoxidation of soybean oil at temperature of 600C
was provided the best result in terms of attaching the –OH
functionality. Temperatures below and above 600C it is likely the
attaching reaction did not proceed sufficiently fast. The considerable
yield below 40%, implies the oil is not completely converted, it is not
possible by conventional methods, because the epoxide decomposes
at the temperature required. The objective of this work was the
development of catalyst toward the conversion of epoxide and polyol
with reaction temperature at 50,60, and 700C. The effect of different
type of catalyst were studied, the effect of alcohols with different
molecular configuration was determined which leads to selective
addition of alcohols to the epoxide oils.
Abstract: Complexity, as a theoretical background has made it
easier to understand and explain the features and dynamic behavior
of various complex systems. As the common theoretical background
has confirmed, borrowing the terminology for design from the
natural sciences has helped to control and understand urban
complexity. Phenomena like self-organization, evolution and
adaptation are appropriate to describe the formerly inaccessible
characteristics of the complex environment in unpredictable bottomup
systems. Increased computing capacity has been a key element in
capturing the chaotic nature of these systems.
A paradigm shift in urban planning and architectural design has
forced us to give up the illusion of total control in urban
environment, and consequently to seek for novel methods for
steering the development. New methods using dynamic modeling
have offered a real option for more thorough understanding of
complexity and urban processes. At best new approaches may renew
the design processes so that we get a better grip on the complex
world via more flexible processes, support urban environmental
diversity and respond to our needs beyond basic welfare by liberating
ourselves from the standardized minimalism.
A complex system and its features are as such beyond human
ethics. Self-organization or evolution is either good or bad. Their
mechanisms are by nature devoid of reason. They are common in
urban dynamics in both natural processes and gas. They are features
of a complex system, and they cannot be prevented. Yet their
dynamics can be studied and supported.
The paradigm of complexity and new design approaches has been
criticized for a lack of humanity and morality, but the ethical
implications of scientific or computational design processes have not
been much discussed. It is important to distinguish the (unexciting)
ethics of the theory and tools from the ethics of computer aided
processes based on ethical decisions. Urban planning and architecture
cannot be based on the survival of the fittest; however, the natural
dynamics of the system cannot be impeded on grounds of being
“non-human".
In this paper the ethical challenges of using the dynamic models
are contemplated in light of a few examples of new architecture and
dynamic urban models and literature. It is suggested that ethical
challenges in computational design processes could be reframed
under the concepts of responsibility and transparency.
Abstract: In this study we applied thermal lens (TL) technique
to study the effect of size on thermal diffusivity of cadmium sulphide
(CdS) nanofluid prepared by using γ-radiation method containing
particles with different sizes. In TL experimental set up a diode laser
of wavelength 514 nm and intensity stabilized He-Ne laser were used
as the excitation source and the probe beam respectively,
respectively. The experimental results showed that the thermal
diffusivity value of CdS nanofluid increases when the of particle size
increased.
Abstract: The paper is devoted to stochastic analysis of finite
dimensional difference equation with dependent on ergodic Markov
chain increments, which are proportional to small parameter ". A
point-form solution of this difference equation may be represented
as vertexes of a time-dependent continuous broken line given on the
segment [0,1] with "-dependent scaling of intervals between vertexes.
Tending " to zero one may apply stochastic averaging and diffusion
approximation procedures and construct continuous approximation of
the initial stochastic iterations as an ordinary or stochastic Ito differential
equation. The paper proves that for sufficiently small " these
equations may be successfully applied not only to approximate finite
number of iterations but also for asymptotic analysis of iterations,
when number of iterations tends to infinity.
Abstract: This paper offers a case study, in which
methodological aspects of cell design for transformation the
production process are applied. The cell redesign in this work is
tightly focused to reach optimization of material flows under real
manufacturing conditions. Accordingly, more individual techniques
were aggregated into compact methodical procedure with aim to built
one-piece flow production. Case study was concentrated on relatively
typical situation of transformation from batch production to cellular
manufacturing.
Abstract: The speech signal conveys information about the
identity of the speaker. The area of speaker identification is
concerned with extracting the identity of the person speaking the
utterance. As speech interaction with computers becomes more
pervasive in activities such as the telephone, financial transactions
and information retrieval from speech databases, the utility of
automatically identifying a speaker is based solely on vocal
characteristic. This paper emphasizes on text dependent speaker
identification, which deals with detecting a particular speaker from a
known population. The system prompts the user to provide speech
utterance. System identifies the user by comparing the codebook of
speech utterance with those of the stored in the database and lists,
which contain the most likely speakers, could have given that speech
utterance. The speech signal is recorded for N speakers further the
features are extracted. Feature extraction is done by means of LPC
coefficients, calculating AMDF, and DFT. The neural network is
trained by applying these features as input parameters. The features
are stored in templates for further comparison. The features for the
speaker who has to be identified are extracted and compared with the
stored templates using Back Propogation Algorithm. Here, the
trained network corresponds to the output; the input is the extracted
features of the speaker to be identified. The network does the weight
adjustment and the best match is found to identify the speaker. The
number of epochs required to get the target decides the network
performance.
Abstract: Primary barrier of membrane type LNG containment system consist of corrugated 304L stainless steel. This 304L stainless steel is austenitic stainless steel which shows different material behaviors owing to phase transformation during the plastic work. Even though corrugated primary barriers are subjected to significant amounts of pre-strain due to press working, quantitative mechanical behavior on the effect of pre-straining at cryogenic temperatures are not available. In this study, pre-strain level and pre-strain temperature dependent tensile tests are carried to investigate mechanical behaviors. Also, constitutive equations with material parameters are suggested for a verification study.
Abstract: This paper presents a reliability-based approach to select appropriate wind turbine types for a wind farm considering site-specific wind speed patterns. An actual wind farm in the northern region of Iran with the wind speed registration of one year is studied in this paper. An analytic approach based on total probability theorem is utilized in this paper to model the probabilistic behavior of both turbines- availability and wind speed. Well-known probabilistic reliability indices such as loss of load expectation (LOLE), expected energy not supplied (EENS) and incremental peak load carrying capability (IPLCC) for wind power integration in the Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) are examined. The most appropriate turbine type achieving the highest reliability level is chosen for the studied wind farm.
Abstract: The world's population continues to grow at a quarter of a million people per day, increasing the consumption of energy. This has made the world to face the problem of energy crisis now days. In response to the energy crisis, the principles of renewable energy gained popularity. There are much advancement made in developing the wind and solar energy farms across the world. These energy farms are not enough to meet the energy requirement of world. This has attracted investors to procure new sources of energy to be substituted. Among these sources, extraction of energy from the waves is considered as best option. The world oceans contain enough energy to meet the requirement of world. Significant advancements in design and technology are being made to make waves as a continuous source of energy. One major hurdle in launching wave energy devices in a developing country like Pakistan is the initial cost. A simple, reliable and cost effective wave energy converter (WEC) is required to meet the nation-s energy need. This paper will present a novel design proposed by team SAS for harnessing wave energy. This paper has three major sections. The first section will give a brief and concise view of ocean wave creation, propagation and the energy carried by them. The second section will explain the designing of SAS-2. A gear chain mechanism is used for transferring the energy from the buoy to a rotary generator. The third section will explain the manufacturing of scaled down model for SAS-2 .Many modifications are made in the trouble shooting stage. The design of SAS-2 is simple and very less maintenance is required. SAS-2 is producing electricity at Clifton. The initial cost of SAS-2 is very low. This has proved SAS- 2 as one of the cost effective and reliable source of harnessing wave energy for developing countries.
Abstract: The goal of this project is to design a system to
recognition voice commands. Most of voice recognition systems
contain two main modules as follow “feature extraction" and “feature
matching". In this project, MFCC algorithm is used to simulate
feature extraction module. Using this algorithm, the cepstral
coefficients are calculated on mel frequency scale. VQ (vector
quantization) method will be used for reduction of amount of data to
decrease computation time. In the feature matching stage Euclidean
distance is applied as similarity criterion. Because of high accuracy
of used algorithms, the accuracy of this voice command system is
high. Using these algorithms, by at least 5 times repetition for each
command, in a single training session, and then twice in each testing
session zero error rate in recognition of commands is achieved.
Abstract: Multi-agent system approach has proven to be an effective and appropriate abstraction level to construct whole models of a diversity of biological problems, integrating aspects which can be found both in "micro" and "macro" approaches when modeling this type of phenomena. Taking into account these considerations, this paper presents the important computational characteristics to be gathered into a novel bioinformatics framework built upon a multiagent architecture. The version of the tool presented herein allows studying and exploring complex problems belonging principally to structural biology, such as protein folding. The bioinformatics framework is used as a virtual laboratory to explore a minimalist model of protein folding as a test case. In order to show the laboratory concept of the platform as well as its flexibility and adaptability, we studied the folding of two particular sequences, one of 45-mer and another of 64-mer, both described by an HP model (only hydrophobic and polar residues) and coarse grained 2D-square lattice. According to the discussion section of this piece of work, these two sequences were chosen as breaking points towards the platform, in order to determine the tools to be created or improved in such a way to overcome the needs of a particular computation and analysis of a given tough sequence. The backwards philosophy herein is that the continuous studying of sequences provides itself important points to be added into the platform, to any time improve its efficiency, as is demonstrated herein.
Abstract: Today, the Internet based communication has widen
the opportunity of event monitoring system in the medical field.
There is always a need of analyzing and designing secure and reliable
mobile communication between the hospital and biomedical
engineers mobile units. This study has been carried out to find
possible solution using SIP-based event notification for alerting the
technical staff about the Biomedical Device (BMD) status and
Patients treatment session. The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) can
be used to create a medical event notification system. SIP can work
on a variety of devices. Its adoption as the protocol of choice for third
generation wireless networks allows for a robust and scalable
environment. One of the advantages of SIP is that it supports personal
mobility through the separation of user addressing and device
addressing. The solution for Telemed alert notification system is
based on SIP - Specific Event Notification. The aim of this project is
to extend mobility service to the hospital technicians who are using
Telemedicine system.
Abstract: Perspective of food security in 21 century showed
shortage of food that production is faced to vital problem. Food
security strategy is applied longtime method to assess required food.
Meanwhile, nanotechnology revolution changes the world face.
Nanotechnology is adequate method utilize of its characteristics to
decrease environmental problems and possible further access to food
for small farmers. This article will show impact of production and
adoption of nanocrops on food security. Population is researchers of
agricultural research center of Esfahan province. The results of study
show that there was a relationship between uses, conversion,
distribution, and production of nanocrops, operative human
resources, operative circumstance, and constrains of usage of
nanocrops and food security. Multivariate regression analysis by
enter model shows that operative circumstance, use, production and
constrains of usage of nanocrops had positive impact on food security
and they determine in four steps 20 percent of it.
Abstract: The technical realization of data transmission using
glass fiber began after the development of diode laser in year 1962.
The erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA's) in high speed networks
allow information to be transmitted over longer distances without
using of signal amplification repeaters. These kinds of fibers are
doped with erbium atoms which have energy levels in its atomic
structure for amplifying light at 1550nm. When a carried signal wave
at 1550nm enters the erbium fiber, the light stimulates the excited
erbium atoms which pumped with laser beam at 980nm as additional
light. The wavelength and intensity of the semiconductor lasers
depend on the temperature of active zone and the injection current.
The present paper shows the effect of the diode lasers temperature
and injection current on the optical amplification. From the results of
in- and output power one may calculate the max. optical gain by
erbium doped fiber amplifier.
Abstract: Mathematical, graphical and intuitive models are often
constructed in the development process of computational systems.
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is one of the most popular
modeling languages used by practicing software engineers. This
paper critically examines UML models and suggests an augmented
use case view with the addition of new constructs for modeling
software. It also shows how a use case diagram can be enhanced. The
improved modeling constructs are presented with examples for
clarifying important design and implementation issues.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a methodology in
three steps to forecast supply chain demand. In first step, various data
mining techniques are applied in order to prepare data for entering
into forecasting models. In second step, the modeling step, an
artificial neural network and support vector machine is presented
after defining Mean Absolute Percentage Error index for measuring
error. The structure of artificial neural network is selected based on
previous researchers' results and in this article the accuracy of
network is increased by using sensitivity analysis. The best forecast
for classical forecasting methods (Moving Average, Exponential
Smoothing, and Exponential Smoothing with Trend) is resulted based
on prepared data and this forecast is compared with result of support
vector machine and proposed artificial neural network. The results
show that artificial neural network can forecast more precisely in
comparison with other methods. Finally, forecasting methods'
stability is analyzed by using raw data and even the effectiveness of
clustering analysis is measured.
Abstract: The turbulent mixing of coolant streams of different
temperature and density can cause severe temperature fluctuations in
piping systems in nuclear reactors. In certain periodic contraction
cycles these conditions lead to thermal fatigue. The resulting aging
effect prompts investigation in how the mixing of flows over a sharp
temperature/density interface evolves. To study the fundamental
turbulent mixing phenomena in the presence of density gradients,
isokinetic (shear-free) mixing experiments are performed in a square
channel with Reynolds numbers ranging from 2-500 to 60-000.
Sucrose is used to create the density difference. A Wire Mesh Sensor
(WMS) is used to determine the concentration map of the flow in the
cross section. The mean interface width as a function of velocity,
density difference and distance from the mixing point are analyzed
based on traditional methods chosen for the purposes of
atmospheric/oceanic stratification analyses. A definition of the
mixing layer thickness more appropriate to thermal fatigue and based
on mixedness is devised. This definition shows that the thermal
fatigue risk assessed using simple mixing layer growth can be
misleading and why an approach that separates the effects of large
scale (turbulent) and small scale (molecular) mixing is necessary.
Abstract: Mobile agent has motivated the creation of a new
methodology for parallel computing. We introduce a methodology
for the creation of parallel applications on the network. The proposed
Mobile-Agent parallel processing framework uses multiple Javamobile
Agents. Each mobile agent can travel to the specified
machine in the network to perform its tasks. We also introduce the
concept of master agent, which is Java object capable of
implementing a particular task of the target application. Master agent
is dynamically assigns the task to mobile agents. We have developed
and tested a prototype application: Mobile Agent Based Parallel
Computing. Boosted by the inherited benefits of using Java and
Mobile Agents, our proposed methodology breaks the barriers
between the environments, and could potentially exploit in a parallel
manner all the available computational resources on the network.
This paper elaborates performance issues of a mobile agent for
parallel computing.
Abstract: An ultrasound-assisted activation method for
electroless silver plating is presented in this study. When the
ultrasound was applied during the activation step, the amount of the Pd
species adsorbed on substrate surfaces was higher than that of sample
pretreated with a conventional activation process without ultrasound
irradiation. With this activation method, it was also shown that the
adsorbed Pd species with a size of about 5 nm were uniformly
distributed on the surfaces, thus a smooth and uniform coating on the
surfaces was obtained by subsequent electroless silver plating. The
samples after each step were characterized by AFM, XPS, FIB, and
SEM.
Abstract: Fats and oils are made of esterified hydrocarbons
(RCOOR-) and this work demonstrates the substitution of R by
multi-walled CNTs (MWNTs). The resultant materials are fluidic, oily,
electrically conducting and excellent lubricants. Esterified MWNTs
can also respond to magnetic field when tubules contain long segments
of Fe