Abstract: Gold coated silica core nanoparticles have an optical
response dictated by the plasmon resonance. The wavelength at
which the resonance occurs depends on the core and shell sizes,
allowing nanoshells to be tailored for particular applications. The
purposes of this study was to synthesize and use different
concentration of gold nanoshells as exogenous material for skin
tissue soldering and also to examine the effect of laser soldering
parameters on the properties of repaired skin. Two mixtures of
albumin solder and different concentration of gold nanoshells were
prepared. A full thickness incision of 2×20 mm2 was made on the
surface and after addition of mixtures it was irradiated by an 810nm
diode laser at different power densities. The changes of tensile
strength σt due to temperature rise, number of scan (Ns), and scan
velocity (Vs) were investigated. The results showed at constant laser
power density (I), σt of repaired incisions increases by increasing the
concentration of gold nanoshells, Ns and decreasing Vs. It is therefore
important to consider the trade off between the scan velocity and the
surface temperature for achieving an optimum operating condition. In
our case this corresponds to σt =1610 gr/cm2 at I~ 60 Wcm-2, T ~
65ºC, Ns =10 and Vs=0.2mms-1.
Abstract: The desulfurization of coal using biological methods is an emerging technology. The biodesulfurization process uses the catalytic activity of chemolithotrophic acidpohiles in removing sulfur and pyrite from the coal. The present study was undertaken to examine the potential of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in removing the pyritic sulfur and iron from high iron and sulfur containing US coal. The experiment was undertaken in 10 L batch stirred tank reactor having 10% pulp density of coal. The reactor was operated under mesophilic conditions and aerobic conditions were maintained by sparging the air into the reactor. After 35 days of experiment, about 64% of pyrite and 21% of pyritic sulfur was removed from the coal. The findings of the present study indicate that the biodesulfurization process does have potential in treating the high pyrite and sulfur containing coal. A good mass balance was also obtained with net loss of about 5% showing its feasibility for large scale application.
Abstract: New design of a grid for preparation of high density
granules with enhanced mechanical strength by granulation of
dispersed materials is suggested.
A method for hydrodynamic dimensioning of the grid depending
on granulation conditions, hydrodynamic regime of the operation,
dispersity and physicochemical characteristics of the materials to be
granulated was suggested.
The aim of the grid design is to solve the problems arising by the
granulation of disperse materials.
Abstract: Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants are cultivated for lawn constitution and as forage plants. Considerable number of perennial ryegrass genotypes are present in the flora of our country and they present substantial was performed based on a Project supported bu TUBITAK (Project numver : 106O159) and perannial ryegrass genotypes from 8 provinces were collected during 2006. Seeds of perennial ryegrass were collected from 48 different locations. Populations of turfgrass seeds in flowerpots to be 20 and 1 cm deep greenhouse were sown in three replications at 07.07.2007.Then the growth of turfgrass seedlings in the greenhouse in pots showed sufficiently separated from the plants were planted in each population. Plants planted in the garden of the observation scale of 1-9 was evaluated by the quality, 1 = the weakest / worst, 6 = acceptable and 9 = superior or considered as an ideal. Essentially only recognized in assessing the quality of the color of grass, but the color, density, uniformity, texture (texture), illness or environmental stresses are evaluated as a combination reaction. Turfgrass quality 15.11.2007, 19.03.2008, 27.05.2008, 27.11.2008, 07.03.2009 and 02.06.2009 have been 6 times to be in order. Observations made regarding the quality of grass; 3 years according to seasonal environments turf quality genotypes belonging to 14 different populations were found to be 7.5 and above are reserved for future use in breeding works.The number of genotypes belonging to 41 populations in terms of turfgrass quality was determined as 7.9 of 3 year average seasonal. Argıthan between Doğanhisar (Konya) is located 38.09 latitude and 31.40 longitude, altitude 1158 m in the set that population numbered 41.
Abstract: Cosmic showers, during the transit through space, produce
sub - products as a result of interactions with the intergalactic
or interstellar medium which after entering earth generate secondary
particles called Extensive Air Shower (EAS). Detection and analysis
of High Energy Particle Showers involve a plethora of theoretical and
experimental works with a host of constraints resulting in inaccuracies
in measurements. Therefore, there exist a necessity to develop a
readily available system based on soft-computational approaches
which can be used for EAS analysis. This is due to the fact that soft
computational tools such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN)s can be
trained as classifiers to adapt and learn the surrounding variations. But
single classifiers fail to reach optimality of decision making in many
situations for which Multiple Classifier System (MCS) are preferred
to enhance the ability of the system to make decisions adjusting
to finer variations. This work describes the formation of an MCS
using Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP), Recurrent Neural Network
(RNN) and Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) with data inputs
from correlation mapping Self Organizing Map (SOM) blocks and
the output optimized by another SOM. The results show that the setup
can be adopted for real time practical applications for prediction
of primary energy and location of EAS from density values captured
using detectors in a circular grid.
Abstract: In this study, a nickel film with nano-crystalline grains,
high hardness and smooth surface was electrodeposited using a post
supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) mixed Watts electrolyte. Although
the hardness was not as high as its Sc-CO2 counterpart, the thin coating
contained significantly less number of nano-sized pinholes. By
measuring the escape concentration of the dissolved CO2 in post
Sc-CO2 mixed electrolyte with the elapsed time, it was believed that
the residue of dissolved CO2 bubbles should closely relate to the
improvement in hardness and surface roughness over its conventional
plating counterpart. Therefore, shortening the duration of
electroplating with the raise of current density up to 0.5 A/cm2 could
effectively retain more post Sc-CO2 mixing effect. This study not only
confirms the roles of dissolved CO2 bubbles in electrolyte but also
provides a potential process to overcome most issues associated with
the cost in building high-pressure chamber for large size products and
continuous plating using supercritical method.
Abstract: This paper reports on the influence of surface-treated coarse recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) on developing the compressive strength of concrete. The coarse RCA was initially treated by separately impregnating it in calcium metasilicate (CM) or wollastonite and nanosilica (NS) prepared at various concentrations. The effects of both treatment materials on concrete properties (e.g., slump, density and compressive strength) were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed to examine the microstructure of the resulting concrete. Results show that the effective use of treated coarse RCA significantly enhances the compressive strength of concrete. This result is supported by the SEM analysis, which indicates the formation of a dense interface between the treated coarse RCA and the cement matrix. Coarse RCA impregnated in CM solution results in better concrete strength than NS, and the optimum concentration of CM solution recommended for treated coarse RCA is 10%.
Abstract: Fire disaster is the major factor to endanger the public
and environmental safety. People lost their life during fire disaster
mainly be attributed to the dense smoke and toxic gas under
combustion, which hinder the escape of people and the rescue of
firefighters under fire disaster. The smoke suppression effect of
several transitional metals oxide on the epoxy resin treated with
intumescent flame retardant and titanate couple agent
(EP/IFR/Titanate) system have been investigated. The results showed
manganese dioxide has great effect on reducing the smoke density rate
(SDR) of EP/IFR/Titanate system; however it has little effect to reduce
the maximum smoke density (MSD) of EP/IFR/Titanate system.
Copper oxide can decrease the maximum smoke density (MSD) and
smoke density rate of EP/IFR/Titanate system substantially. The MSD
and SDR of EP/IFR/Titanate system can reduce 20.3% and 39.1%
respectively when 2% of copper oxide is introduced.
Abstract: Plastics occupy wide place in the applications of
automotive, electronics and house goods. Especially reinforced
plastics become popular because of their high strength besides their
advantages of low weight and easy manufacturability. In this study,
mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene (PP) and
high density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix composites reinforced with
surface modified nano titan dioxide (TiO2) particles were
investigated. Surface modification was made by coating the nano
powders with maleic anhydride grafted styrene ethylene butylene
styrene (SEBS-g-MA) and silane, respectively. After surface
modification, PP/TiO2 and HDPE/TiO2 composites were obtained by
using twin screw extruder at titan dioxide loading of 1 wt.%, 3 wt.%
and 5 wt.%. Effects of surface modification were determined by
thermal and morphological analysis. SEBS-g-MA provided bridging
effect between TiO2 particles and polymer matrix while silane was
effective as a dispersant. Depending on that, homogenous structures
without agglomeration were obtained. Mechanical tests were
performed on the injection moldings of the composites for obtaining
the impact strength, tensile strength, stress at break, elongation and
elastic modulus. Reinforced HDPE and PP moldings gave higher
tensile strength and elastic modulus due to the rigid structure of TiO2.
Slight increment was seen in stress at break. Elongation and impact
strength decreased due to the stiffness of the nano titan dioxide.
Abstract: A device analysis of the photoconductive
semiconductor switch is carried out to investigate distribution of
electric field and carrier concentrations as well as the current density
distribution. The operation of this device was then investigated as a
switch operating in X band. It is shown that despite the presence of
symmetry geometry, switch current density of the on-state steady
state mode is distributed asymmetrically throughout the device.
Abstract: Rotational Smart Lighting Control System can supply
the quantity of lighting which is required to run plants by rotating few
LED and Fluorescent instead of that are used in the existing plant
factories.The initial installation of the existing plants factory is
expensive, so in order to solve the problem with smart lighting control
system was developed.
The beam required intensity for the growth of crops, Photosynthetic
Photon Flux Density(PPFD)is calculated; and the number of LED, are
installed on the blades, set; using the Lighting Simulation
Program.Relux, it is able to confirm that the difference of the beam
intensity between the center and the outer of lighting system when the
lighting device is rotating.
Abstract: The overriding goal of software engineering is to
provide a high quality system, application or a product. To achieve
this goal, software engineers must apply effective methods coupled
with modern tools within the context of a mature software process
[2]. In addition, it is also must to assure that high quality is realized.
Although many quality measures can be collected at the project
levels, the important measures are errors and defects. Deriving a
quality measure for reusable components has proven to be
challenging task now a days. The results obtained from the study are
based on the empirical evidence of reuse practices, as emerged from
the analysis of industrial projects. Both large and small companies,
working in a variety of business domains, and using object-oriented
and procedural development approaches contributed towards this
study. This paper proposes a quality metric that provides benefit at
both project and process level, namely defect removal efficiency
(DRE).
Abstract: A model of (4, 4) single-walled boron-nitride nanotube as a representative of armchair boron-nitride nanotubes studied. At first the structure optimization performed and then Nuclear Magnetic Resonance parameters (NMR) by Density Functional Theory (DFT) method at 11B and 15N nuclei calculated. Resulted parameters evaluation presents electrostatic environment heterogeneity along the nanotube and especially at the ends but the nuclei in a layer feel the same electrostatic environment. All of calculations carried out using Gaussian 98 Software package.
Abstract: This paper describes the development of a WLAN
propagation model, using Spectral Analyzer measurements. The
signal is generated by two Access Points (APs) on the base floor at
the administrative Communication School of ESPOL building. In
general, users do not have a Q&S reference about a wireless network;
however, this depends on the level signal as a function of frequency,
distance and other path conditions between receiver and transmitter.
Then, power density of the signal decrease as it propagates through
space and data transfer rate is affected. This document evaluates and
implements empirical mathematical formulation for the
characterization of WLAN radio wave propagation on two aisles of
the building base floor.
Abstract: In the Lost Foam Casting process, melting point
temperature of metal, as well as volume and rate of the foam
degradation have significant effect on the mold filling pattern.
Therefore, gas generation capacity and gas gap length are two
important parameters for modeling of mold filling time of the lost
foam casting processes. In this paper, the gas gap length at the liquidfoam
interface for a low melting point (aluminum) alloy and a high
melting point (Carbon-steel) alloy are investigated by the
photography technique. Results of the photography technique
indicated, that the gas gap length and the mold filling time are
increased with increased coating thickness and density of the foam.
The Gas gap lengths measured in aluminum and Carbon-steel,
depend on the foam density, and were approximately 4-5 and 25-60
mm, respectively. By using a new system, the gas generation
capacity for the aluminum and steel was measured. The gas
generation capacity measurements indicated that gas generation in
the Aluminum and Carbon-steel lost foam casting was about 50 CC/g
and 3200 CC/g polystyrene, respectively.
Abstract: Clustering algorithms are attractive for the task of class identification in spatial databases. However, the application to large spatial databases rises the following requirements for clustering algorithms: minimal requirements of domain knowledge to determine the input parameters, discovery of clusters with arbitrary shape and good efficiency on large databases. The well-known clustering algorithms offer no solution to the combination of these requirements. In this paper, a density based clustering algorithm (DCBRD) is presented, relying on a knowledge acquired from the data by dividing the data space into overlapped regions. The proposed algorithm discovers arbitrary shaped clusters, requires no input parameters and uses the same definitions of DBSCAN algorithm. We performed an experimental evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of it, and compared this results with that of DBSCAN. The results of our experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is significantly efficient in discovering clusters of arbitrary shape and size.
Abstract: A study of electromagnetic flow meter is presented in the paper. Comparison has been made between the analytical and the numerical results by the use of FEM numerical analysis (Quick Field 5.6) for determining polarization voltage through the circle cross section of the polarization transducer. Exciting and geometrical parameters increasing its effectiveness has been examined. The aim is to obtain maximal output signal. The investigations include different variants of the magnetic flux density distribution around the tube: homogeneous field of magnitude Bm, linear distribution with maximal value Bm and trapezium distribution conserving the same exciting magnetic energy as the homogeneous field.
Abstract: Guard channels improve the probability of successful
handoffs by reserving a number of channels exclusively for handoffs.
This concept has the risk of underutilization of radio spectrum due to
the fact that fewer channels are granted to originating calls even if
these guard channels are not always used, when originating calls are
starving for the want of channels. The penalty is the reduction of
total carried traffic. The optimum number of guard channels can help
reduce this problem. This paper presents fuzzy logic based guard
channel scheme wherein guard channels are reorganized on the basis
of traffic density, so that guard channels are provided on need basis.
This will help in incorporating more originating calls and hence high
throughput of the radio spectrum
Abstract: Effect of high temperature exposure on properties of cement mortar containing municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash as partial natural aggregate replacement is analyzed in the paper. The measurements of mechanical properties, bulk density, matrix density, total open porosity, sorption and desorption isotherms are done on samples exposed to the temperatures of 20°C to 1000°C. TGA analysis is performed as well. Finally, the studied samples are analyzed by IR spectroscopy in order to evaluate TGA data.
Abstract: According to the density of the chips, designers are
trying to put so any facilities of computational and storage on single
chips. Along with the complexity of computational and storage
circuits, the designing, testing and debugging become more and more
complex and expensive. So, hardware design will be built by using
very high speed hardware description language, which is more
efficient and cost effective. This paper will focus on the
implementation of 32-bit ALU design based on Verilog hardware
description language. Adder and subtracter operate correctly on both
unsigned and positive numbers. In ALU, addition takes most of the
time if it uses the ripple-carry adder. The general strategy for
designing fast adders is to reduce the time required to form carry
signals. Adders that use this principle are called carry look- ahead
adder. The carry look-ahead adder is to be designed with combination
of 4-bit adders. The syntax of Verilog HDL is similar to the C
programming language. This paper proposes a unified approach to
ALU design in which both simulation and formal verification can
co-exist.