Abstract: In the age of global communications, heterogeneous
networks are seen to be the best choice of strategy to ensure continuous and uninterruptible services. This will allow mobile
terminal to stay in connection even they are migrating into different segment coverage through the handoff process. With the increase of
teletraffic demands in mobile cellular system, hierarchical cellular systems have been adopted extensively for more efficient channel
utilization and better QoS (Quality of Service). This paper presents a
bidirectional call overflow scheme between two layers of microcells and macrocells, where handoffs are decided by the velocity of mobile
making the call. To ensure that handoff calls are given higher priorities, it is assumed that guard channels are assigned in both
macrocells and microcells. A hysteresis value introduced in mobile velocity is used to allow mobile roam in the same cell if its velocity
changes back within the set threshold values. By doing this the number of handoffs is reduced thereby reducing the processing overhead and enhancing the quality of service to the end user.
Abstract: Guard channels improve the probability of successful
handoffs by reserving a number of channels exclusively for handoffs.
This concept has the risk of underutilization of radio spectrum due to
the fact that fewer channels are granted to originating calls even if
these guard channels are not always used, when originating calls are
starving for the want of channels. The penalty is the reduction of
total carried traffic. The optimum number of guard channels can help
reduce this problem. This paper presents fuzzy logic based guard
channel scheme wherein guard channels are reorganized on the basis
of traffic density, so that guard channels are provided on need basis.
This will help in incorporating more originating calls and hence high
throughput of the radio spectrum
Abstract: Efficient handoff algorithms are a cost-effective way
of enhancing the capacity and QoS of cellular system. The higher
value of hysteresis effectively prevents unnecessary handoffs but
causes undesired cell dragging. This undesired cell dragging causes
interference or could lead to dropped calls in microcellular
environment. The problems are further exacerbated by the corner
effect phenomenon which causes the signal level to drop by 20-30 dB
in 10-20 meters. Thus, in order to maintain reliable communication
in a microcellular system new and better handoff algorithms must be
developed. A fuzzy based handoff algorithm is proposed in this paper
as a solution to this problem. Handoff on the basis of ratio of slopes
of normal signal loss to the actual signal loss is presented. The fuzzy
based solution is supported by comparing its results with the results
obtained in analytical solution.