Abstract: The hydrogenated amorphous carbon films (α-C:H)
were deposited on p-type Si (100) substrates at different thicknesses by
radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
technique (rf-PECVD). Raman spectra display asymmetric
diamond-like carbon (DLC) peaks, representative of the α-C:H films.
The decrease of intensity ID/IG ratios revealed the sp3 content arise at
different thicknesses of the α-C:H films. In terms of mechanical
properties, the high hardness and elastic modulus values showed the
elastic and plastic deformation behaviors related to sp3 content in
amorphous carbon films. Electrochemical properties showed that the
α-C:H films exhibited excellent corrosion resistance in air-saturated
3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for pH 2 at room temperature. Thickness
increasing affected the small sp2 clusters in matrix, restricting the
velocity transfer and exchange of electrons. The deposited α-C:H films
exhibited excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
Abstract: In regards to the energy sector in the modern period,
two points were raised. First is a vast and growing energy demand, and
second is an environmental impact associated with it. The enormous
consumption of fossil fuel to the mobile unit is leading to its rapid
depletion. Nuclear power is not the only problem. A modal shift that
utilizes personal transporters and independent power, in order to
realize a sustainable society, is very effective. The author proposes that
the world will continue to work on this. Energy of the future society,
innovation in battery technology and the use of natural energy is a big
key. And it is also necessary in order to save on energy consumption.
Abstract: From a perspective of moral education, this study has
examined the experiences of a group of college students who
volunteered in disaster areas after the magnitude 9.0 Earthquake,
which struck the Northeastern region of Japan in March, 2011. The
research, utilizing the method of grounded theory, has uncovered that
most of the students have gone through positive changes in their
development of moral and social characters, such as attaining deeper
sense of empathy and caring personalities. The study expresses, in
identifying the nature of those transformations, that the importance of
volunteer work should strongly be recognized by the colleges and
universities in Japan, in fulfilling their public responsibility of creating
and building learning communities that are responsible and caring.
Abstract: The knowledge of biodiesel density over large ranges
of temperature and pressure is important for predicting the behavior
of fuel injection and combustion systems in diesel engines, and for
the optimization of such systems. In this study, cottonseed oil was
transesterified into biodiesel and its density was measured at
temperatures between 288 K and 358 K and pressures between 0.1
MPa and 30 MPa, with expanded uncertainty estimated as ±1.6 kg⋅m-
3. Experimental pressure-volume-temperature (pVT) cottonseed data
was used along with literature data relative to other 18 biodiesels, in
order to build a database used to test the correlation of density with
temperarure and pressure using the Goharshadi–Morsali–Abbaspour
equation of state (GMA EoS). To our knowledge, this is the first that
density measurements are presented for cottonseed biodiesel under
such high pressures, and the GMA EoS used to model biodiesel
density. The new tested EoS allowed correlations within 0.2 kg·m-3
corresponding to average relative deviations within 0.02%. The built
database was used to develop and test a new full predictive model
derived from the observed linear relation between density and degree
of unsaturation (DU), which depended from biodiesel FAMEs
profile. The average density deviation of this method was only about
3 kg.m-3 within the temperature and pressure limits of application.
These results represent appreciable improvements in the context of
density prediction at high pressure when compared with other
equations of state.
Abstract: We propose a new alternative method for imposing
fluid-solid boundary conditions in simulations of Multiparticle
Collision Dynamics. Our method is based on the introduction of
an explicit potential force acting between the fluid particles and a
surface representing a solid boundary. We show that our method can
be used in simulations of plane Poiseuille flows. Important quantities
characterizing the flow and the fluid-solid interaction like the slip
coefficient at the solid boundary and the effective viscosity of the
fluid, are measured in terms of the set of independent parameters
defining the numerical implementation. We find that our method can
be used to simulate the correct hydrodynamic flow within a wide
range of values of these parameters.
Abstract: In recent decades with the development of technology
and lack of food sources, sewage sludge in production of human
foods is inevitable. Various sources of municipal and industrial
sewage sludge that is produced can provide the requirement of plant
nutrients. Soils in arid, semi-arid climate of central Iran that most
affected by water drainage, iron and zinc deficiencies, using of
sewage sludge is helpful. Therefore, the aim of this study is
investigation of sewage sludge and manure application on Ni, Pb and
Cd uptake by Savory. An experiment in a randomized complete block
design with three replications was performed. Sewage sludge
treatments consisted of four levels, control, 15, 30, 80 tons per
hectares; the manure was used in four levels of control, 20, 40 and 80
tons per hectare. Results showed that the wet and dry weights was not
affected by sewage sludge using, while, manure has significant effect
on them. The effect of sewage sludge on the cadmium and lead
concentrations were significant. Interactions of sewage sludge and
manure on dry weight values were not significant. Compare mean
analysis showed that increasing the amount of sewage sludge had no
significant effect on cadmium concentration and it reduced when
sewage sludge usage increased. This is probably due to increased
plant growth and reduced concentrations of these elements in the
plant.
Abstract: In the cloud computing hierarchy IaaS is the lowest
layer, all other layers are built over it. Thus it is the most important
layer of cloud and requisite more importance. Along with advantages
IaaS faces some serious security related issue. Mainly Security
focuses on Integrity, confidentiality and availability. Cloud
computing facilitate to share the resources inside as well as outside of
the cloud. On the other hand, cloud still not in the state to provide
surety to 100% data security. Cloud provider must ensure that end
user/client get a Quality of Service. In this report we describe
possible aspects of cloud related security.
Abstract: Aluminum hybrid reinforcement technology is a
response to the dynamic ever increasing service requirements of such
industries as transportation, aerospace, automobile, marine, etc. It is
unique in that it offers a platform of almost unending combinations of
materials to produce various hybrid composites. This article reviews
the studies carried out on various combinations of aluminum hybrid
composite and the effects on mechanical, physical and chemical
properties. It is observed that the extent of enhancement of these
properties of hybrid composites is strongly dependent on the nature
of the reinforcement, its hardness, particle size, volume fraction,
uniformity of dispersion within the matrix and the method of hybrid
production.
Abstract: This paper represents performance of particle swarm
optimisation (PSO) algorithm based integral (I) controller and
proportional-integral controller (PI) for interconnected hydro-thermal
automatic generation control (AGC) with generation rate constraint
(GRC) and Thyristor controlled phase shifter (TCPS) in series with
tie line. The control strategy of TCPS provides active control of
system frequency. Conventional objective function integral square
error (ISE) and another objective function considering square of
derivative of change in frequencies of both areas and change in tie
line power are considered. The aim of designing the objective
function is to suppress oscillation in frequency deviations and change
in tie line power oscillation. The controller parameters are searched
by PSO algorithm by minimising the objective functions. The
dynamic performance of the controllers I and PI, for both the
objective functions, are compared with conventionally optimized I
controller.
Abstract: In a highly competitive environment, it becomes more
important to shorten the whole business process while delivering or
even enhancing the business value to the customers and suppliers.
Although the workflow management systems receive much attention
for its capacity to practically support the business process enactment,
the effective workflow modeling method remain still challenging and
the high degree of process complexity makes it more difficult to gain
the short lead time. This paper presents a workflow structuring method
in a holistic way that can reduce the process complexity using
activity-needs and formal concept analysis, which eventually enhances
the key performance such as quality, delivery, and cost in business
process.
Abstract: This paper reports the numerical and experimental
performances of Double Glass Wall are investigated. Two
configurations were considered namely, the Double Clear Glass Wall
(DCGW) and the Double Translucent Glass Wall (DTGW). The
coupled governing equations as well as boundary conditions are
solved using the finite element method (FEM) via COMSOLTM
Multiphysics. Temperature profiles and flow field of the DCGW and
DTGW are reported and discussed. Different constant heat fluxes
were considered as 400 and 800 W.m-2 the corresponding initial
condition temperatures were 30.5 and 38.5ºC respectively. The
results show that the simulation results are in agreement with the
experimental data. Conclusively, the model considered in this study
could reasonable be used simulate the thermal and ventilation
performance of the DCGW and DTGW configurations.
Abstract: In this research article a comprehensive investigation
has been carried out to determine the effect of thermal cycle on
temperature dependent process parameters developed during gas
tungsten arc (GTA) welding of high carbon (AISI 1090) steel butt
joints. An experiment based thermal analysis has been performed to
obtain the thermal history. We have focused on different
thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity, heat transfer
coefficient and cooling rate. Angular torch model has been utilized to
find out the surface heat flux and its variation along the fusion zone as
well as along the longitudinal direction from fusion boundary. After
welding and formation of weld pool, heat transfer coefficient varies
rapidly in the vicinity of molten weld bead and heat affected zone. To
evaluate the heat transfer coefficient near the fusion line and near the
rear end of the plate (low temperature region), established correlation
has been implemented and has been compared with empirical
correlation which is noted as coupled convective and radiation heat
transfer coefficient. Change in thermal conductivity has been
visualized by analytical model of moving point heat source. Rate of
cooling has been estimated by using 2-dimensional mathematical
expression of cooling rate and it has shown good agreement with
experimental temperature cycle. Thermophysical properties have been
varied randomly within 0 -10s time span.
Abstract: Nowadays, the Web has become one of the most
pervasive platforms for information change and retrieval. It collects
the suitable and perfectly fitting information from websites that one
requires. Data mining is the form of extracting data’s available in the
internet. Web mining is one of the elements of data mining
Technique, which relates to various research communities such as
information recovery, folder managing system and simulated
intellects. In this Paper we have discussed the concepts of Web
mining. We contain generally focused on one of the categories of
Web mining, specifically the Web Content Mining and its various
farm duties. The mining tools are imperative to scanning the many
images, text, and HTML documents and then, the result is used by
the various search engines. We conclude by presenting a comparative
table of these tools based on some pertinent criteria.
Abstract: Two tragic tsunamis that devastated the west coast of
Sumatra Island, Indonesia in 2004 and North East Japan in 2011 had
damaged bridges to various extents. Tsunamis have resulted in the
catastrophic deterioration of infrastructures i.e. coastal structures,
utilities and transportation facilities. A bridge structure performs vital
roles to enable people to perform activities related to their daily needs
and for development. A damaged bridge needs to be repaired
expeditiously. In order to understand the effects of tsunami forces on
bridges, experimental tests are carried out to measure the
characteristics of hydrodynamic force at various wave heights.
Coastal bridge models designed at a 1:40 scale are used in a 24.0 m
long hydraulic flume with a cross section of 1.5 m by 2.0 m. The
horizontal forces and uplift forces in all cases show that forces
increase nonlinearly with increasing wave amplitude.
Abstract: Asphaltic concrete for pavement construction in India
are produced by using crushed stone, gravels etc. as aggregate. In
north-Eastern region of India, there is a scarcity of stone aggregate.
Therefore the road engineers are always in search of an optional
material as aggregate which can replace the regularly used material.
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the utilization of
substandard or marginal aggregates in flexible pavement
construction. The investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effects
of using lower quality aggregates such as over burnt brick aggregate
on the preparation of asphalt concrete for flexible pavements. The
scope of this work included a review of available literature and
existing data, a laboratory evaluation organized to determine the
effects of marginal aggregates and potential techniques to upgrade
these substandard materials, and a laboratory evaluation of these
upgraded marginal aggregate asphalt mixtures. Over burnt brick
aggregates are water susceptible and can leads to moisture damage.
Moisture damage is the progressive loss of functionality of the
material owing to loss of the adhesion bond between the asphalt
binder and the aggregate surface. Hence zycosoil as an anti striping
additive were evaluated in this study. This study summarizes the
results of the laboratory evaluation carried out to investigate the
properties of asphalt concrete prepared with zycosoil modified over
burnt brick aggregate. Marshall specimen were prepared with stone
aggregate, zycosoil modified stone aggregate, over burnt brick
aggregate and zycosoil modified over burnt brick aggregate. Results
show that addition of zycosoil with stone aggregate increased
stability by 6% and addition of zycosoil with over burnt brick
aggregate increased stability by 30%.
Abstract: The power converter that feeds high-frequency, highvoltage
transformers must be carefully designed due to parasitic
components, mainly the secondary winding capacitance and the
leakage inductance, that introduces resonances in relatively lowfrequency
range, next to the switching frequency. This paper
considers applications in which the load (resistive) has an
unpredictable behavior, changing from open to short-circuit condition
faster than the output voltage control loop could react. In this context,
to avoid overvoltage and over current situations, that could damage
the converter, the transformer or the load, it is necessary to find an
operation point that assure the desired output voltage in spite of the
load condition. This can done adjusting the frequency response of the
transformer adding an external inductance, together with selecting the
switching frequency to get stable output voltage independently of the
load.
Abstract: Quality control helps industries in improvements of its
product quality and productivity. Statistical Process Control (SPC) is
one of the tools to control the quality of products that turning practice
in bringing a department of industrial engineering process under
control. In this research, the process control of a turning
manufactured at workshops machines. The varying measurements
have been recorded for a number of samples of a rice polished
cylinder obtained from a number of trials with the turning practice.
SPC technique has been adopted by the process is finally brought
under control and process capability is improved.
Abstract: Due to growing concern about environmental and
social consequences throughout the world, a need has been felt to
incorporate sustainability concepts in conventional manufacturing.
This paper is an attempt to identify and evaluate drivers in
implementing sustainable manufacturing in Indian context. Nine
possible drivers for successful implementation of sustainable
manufacturing have been identified from extensive review. Further,
Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL)
approach has been utilized to evaluate and categorize these identified
drivers for implementing sustainable manufacturing in to the cause
and effect groups. Five drivers (Societal Pressure and Public
Concerns; Regulations and Government Policies; Top Management
Involvement, Commitment and Support; Effective Strategies and
Activities towards Socially Responsible Manufacturing and Market
Trends) have been categorized into the cause group and four drivers
(Holistic View in Manufacturing Systems; Supplier Participation;
Building Sustainable culture in Organization; and Corporate Image
and Benefits) have been categorized into the effect group. “Societal
Pressure and Public Concerns” has been found the most critical driver
and “Corporate Image and Benefits” as least critical or the most
easily influenced driver to implementing sustainable manufacturing
in Indian context. This paper may surely help practitioners in better
understanding of these drivers and their priorities towards effective
implementation of sustainable manufacturing.
Abstract: Nanostructured catalysts were successfully prepared
by acidification of diatomite and regeneration of FCC spent catalysts.
The obtained samples were characterized by IR, XRD, SEM, EDX,
MAS-NMR (27Al and 29Si), NH3-TPD and tested in catalytic
pyrolysis of biomass (rice straw). The results showed that the similar
bio-oil yield of 41.4% can be obtained by pyrolysis with catalysts at
450oC as compared to that of the pyrolysis without catalyst at 550oC.
The bio-oil yield reached a maximum of 42.55% at the pyrolysis
temperature of 500oC with catalytic content of 20%. Moreover, by
catalytic pyrolysis, bio-oil quality was better as reflected in higher
ratio of H/C, lower ratio of O/C. This clearly indicated high
application potential of these new nanostructured catalysts in the
production of bio-oil with low oxygenated compounds.
Abstract: The influence of three different types of halloysite
nanotubes (HNTs) with different dimensions, namely as camel lake
(CLA), Jarrahdale (JA) and Matauri Bay (MB), on their reinforcing
ability of ethylene propylene dine monomer (EPDM) were
investigated by varying the HNTs loading (from 0-15 phr).
Mechanical properties of the nanocomposites improved with addition
of all three HNTs, but CLA based nanocomposites exhibited a
significant enhancement compared to the other HNTs. For instance,
tensile properties of EPDM nanocomposites increased by 120%,
256% and 340% for MB, JA and CLA, respectively, with addition of
15 phr of HNTs. This could be due to the higher aspect ratio and
higher surface area of CLA compared to others. Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) of nanocomposites at 15 phr of HNT loadings
showed low amounts of pulled-out nanotubes which confirmed the
presence of more embedded nanotubes inside the EPDM matrix, as
well as aggregates within the fracture surface of EPDM/HNT
nanocomposites