Abstract: The effects of enzyme action and heat pretreatment on oil extraction yield from sunflower kernels were analysed using hexane extraction with Soxhlet, and aqueous extraction with incubator shaker. Ground kernels of raw and heat treated kernels, each with and without Viscozyme treatment were used. Microscopic images of the kernels were taken to analyse the visible effects of each treatment on the cotyledon cell structure of the kernels. Heat pretreated kernels before both extraction processes produced enhanced oil extraction yields than the control, with steam explosion the most efficient. In hexane extraction, applying a combination of steam explosion and Viscozyme treatments to the kernels before the extraction gave the maximum oil extractable in 1 hour; while for aqueous extraction, raw kernels treated with Viscozyme gave the highest oil extraction yield. Remarkable cotyledon cell disruption was evident in kernels treated with Viscozyme; whereas steam explosion and conventional heat treated kernels had similar effects.
Abstract: The present study has been carried out with a view to calculate the coastal vulnerability index (CVI) to know the high and low sensitive areas and area of inundation due to future SLR. Both conventional and remotely sensed data were used and analyzed through the modelling technique. Out of the total study area, 8.26% is very high risk, 14.21% high, 9.36% medium, 22.46% low and 7.35% in the very low vulnerable category, due to costal components. Results of the inundation analysis indicate that 225.2 km² and 397 km² of the land area will be submerged by flooding at 1m and 10m inundation levels. The most severely affected sectors are expected to be the residential, industrial and recreational areas. As this coast is planned for future coastal developmental activities, measures such as industrializations, building regulation, urban growth planning and agriculture, development of an integrated coastal zone management, strict enforcement of the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Act, monitoring of impacts and further research in this regard are recommended for the study area.
Abstract: A new digital transceiver circuit for asynchronous frame detection is proposed where both the transmitter and receiver contain all digital components, thereby avoiding possible use of conventional devices like monostable multivibrators with unstable external components such as resistances and capacitances. The proposed receiver circuit, in particular, uses a combinational logic block yielding an output which changes its state as soon as the start bit of a new frame is detected. This, in turn, helps in generating an efficient receiver sampling clock. A data latching circuit is also used in the receiver to latch the recovered data bits in any new frame. The proposed receiver structure is also extended from 4- bit information to any general n data bits within a frame with a common expression for the output of the combinational logic block. Performance of the proposed hardware design is evaluated in terms of time delay, reliability and robustness in comparison with the standard schemes using monostable multivibrators. It is observed from hardware implementation that the proposed circuit achieves almost 33 percent speed up over any conventional circuit.
Abstract: Subdivision is a method to create a smooth surface from a coarse mesh by subdividing the entire mesh. The conventional ways to compute and render surfaces are inconvenient both in terms of memory and computational time as the number of meshes will increase exponentially. An adaptive subdivision is the way to reduce the computational time and memory by subdividing only certain selected areas. In this paper, a new adaptive subdivision method for triangle meshes is introduced. This method defines a new adaptive subdivision rules by considering the properties of each triangle's neighbors and is embedded in a traditional Loop's subdivision. It prevents some undesirable side effects that appear in the conventional adaptive ways. Models that were subdivided by our method are compared with other adaptive subdivision methods
Abstract: The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of soil microorganisms and the burhead plant, as well as the combination of soil microorganisms and plants to remediate monoethylene glycol (MEG), diethylene glycol (DEG), and triethylene glycol (TEG) in synthetic wastewater. The result showed that a system containing both burhead plant and soil microorganisms had the highest efficiency in EGs removal. Around 100% of MEG and DEG and 85% of TEG were removed within 15 days of the experiments. However, the burhead plant had higher removal efficiency than soil microorganisms for MEG and DEG but the same for TEG in the study systems. The removal rate of EGs in the study system related to the molecular weight of the compounds and MEG, the smallest glycol, was removed faster than DEG and TEG by both the burhead plant and soil microorganisms in the study system.
Abstract: Modern organizations operate under the pressure of
dynamic and often unpredictable changes, both in external and
internal environment. Market success, in this context, requires a
particular competence in the form of flexibility, interpreted here both
on the level of individuals and on the level of organization. This
paper addresses the changes taking place in the sphere of
employment, as observed in economic entities operating on Polish
market. Based on own empirical studies, the authors focus on the
progressing trend of ‘flexibilization’ of employment, particularly in
the context of transformations in organizational structure, designed to
facilitate the transition into management by projects and
differentiation of labor forms.
Abstract: In gas lifted oil fields, the lift gas should be distributed optimally among the wells which share gas from a common source to maximize total oil production. One of the objectives of the paper is to show that a linear MPC consisting of a control objective and an economic objective can be used both as an optimizer and a controller for gas lifted systems. The MPC is based on linearized model of the oil field developed from first principles modeling. Simulation results show that the total oil production is increased by 3.4%. Difficulties in accurately measuring the bottom hole pressure using sensors in harsh operating conditions can be resolved by using an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) for estimation. In oil fields where input disturbance (total supply of gas) is not measured, UKF can also be used for disturbance estimation. Increased total oil production due to optimization leads to increased profit.
Abstract: Time full of changes which is associated with globalization, tougher competition, changes in the structures of markets and economic downturn, that all force companies to think about their competitive advantages. These changes can bring the company a competitive advantage and that can help improve competitive position in the market. Policy of the European Union is focused on the fast growing innovative companies which quickly respond to market demands and consequently increase its competitiveness. To meet those objectives companies need the right conditions and support of their state.
Abstract: Knowing the geometrical object pose of products in manufacturing line before robot manipulation is required and less time consuming for overall shape measurement. In order to perform it, the information of shape representation and matching of objects is become required. Objects are compared with its descriptor that conceptually subtracted from each other to form scalar metric. When the metric value is smaller, the object is considered closed to each other. Rotating the object from static pose in some direction introduce the change of value in scalar metric value of boundary information after feature extraction of related object. In this paper, a proposal method for indexing technique for retrieval of 3D geometrical models based on similarity between boundaries shapes in order to measure 3D CAD object pose using object shape feature matching for Computer Aided Testing (CAT) system in production line is proposed. In experimental results shows the effectiveness of proposed method.
Abstract: Knowledge of patterns of genetic diversity enhances
the efficiency of germplasm conservation and improvement. In this
study 96 Iranian landraces of Triticum turgidum originating from
different geographical areas of Iran, along with 18 durum cultivars
from ten countries were evaluated for variation in morphological and
high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) composition.
The first two principal components clearly separated the Iranian
landraces from cultivars. Three alleles were present at the Glu-A1
locus and 11 alleles at Glu-B1. In both cultivars and landraces of
durum wheat, the null allele (Glu-A1c) was observed more
frequently than the Glu-A1a and Glu-A1b alleles. Two alleles,
namely Glu-B1a (subunit 7) and Glu-B1e (subunit 20) represented
the more frequent alleles at Glu-B1 locus. The results showed that
the evaluated Iranian landraces formed an interesting source of
favourable glutenin subunits that might be very desirable in breeding
activities for improving pasta-making quality.
Abstract: Capacity and efficiency of any refrigerating system
diminish rapidly as the difference between the evaporating and
condensing temperature is increased by a reduction in the evaporator
temperature. The single stage vapour compression refrigeration
system using various refrigerants are limited to an evaporator
temperature of -40 0C. Below temperature of -40 0C the either
cascade refrigeration system or multi stage vapour compression
system is employed. Present work describes thermal design of
condenser (HTS), cascade condenser and evaporator (LTS) of
R404A-R508B and R410A-R23 cascade refrigeration system. Heat
transfer area of condenser, cascade condenser and evaporator for
both systems are compared and the effect of condenser and
evaporator temperature on heat-transfer area for both systems is
studied under same operating condition. The results shows that the
required heat-transfer area of condenser and cascade condenser for
R410A-R23 cascade system is lower than the R404A-R508B cascade
system but heat transfer area of evaporator is similar for both the
system. The heat transfer area of condenser and cascade condenser
decreases with increase in condenser temperature (Tc), whereas the
heat transfer area of cascade condenser and evaporator increases with
increase in evaporator temperature (Te).
Abstract: A dynamic stall-corrected Blade Element-Momentum algorithm based on a hybrid polar is validated through the comparison with Sandia experimental measurements on a 5-m diameter wind turbine of Troposkien shape. Different dynamic stall models are evaluated. The numerical predictions obtained using the extended aerodynamic coefficients provided by both Sheldal and Klimas and Raciti Castelli et al. are compared to experimental data, determining the potential of the hybrid database for the numerical prediction of vertical-axis wind turbine performances.
Abstract: An original DEA model is to evaluate each DMU
optimistically, but the interval DEA Model proposed in this paper
has been formulated to obtain an efficiency interval consisting of
Evaluations from both the optimistic and the pessimistic view points.
DMUs are improved so that their lower bounds become so large as to
attain the maximum Value one. The points obtained by this method
are called ideal points. Ideal PPS is calculated by ideal of efficiency
DMUs. The purpose of this paper is to rank DMUs by this ideal PPS.
Finally we extend the efficiency interval of a DMU under variable
RTS technology.
Abstract: In this paper we propose a novel approach for
searching eCommerce products using a mobile phone, illustrated by a
prototype eCoMobile. This approach aims to globalize the mobile
search by integrating the concept of user multilinguism into it. To
show that, we particularly deal with English and Arabic languages.
Indeed the mobile user can formulate his query on a commercial
product in either language (English/Arabic). The description of his
information need on commercial products relies on the ontology that
represents the conceptualization of the product catalogue knowledge
domain defined in both English and Arabic languages. A query
expressed on a mobile device client defines the concept that
corresponds to the name of the product followed by a set of pairs
(property, value) specifying the characteristics of the product. Once a
query is submitted it is then communicated to the server side which
analyses it and in its turn performs an http request to an eCommerce
application server (like Amazon). This latter responds by returning
an XML file representing a set of elements where each element
defines an item of the searched product with its specific
characteristics. The XML file is analyzed on the server side and then
items are displayed on the mobile device client along with its
relevant characteristics in the chosen language.
Abstract: Fast delay estimation methods, as opposed to
simulation techniques, are needed for incremental performance
driven layout synthesis. On-chip inductive effects are becoming
predominant in deep submicron interconnects due to increasing clock
speed and circuit complexity. Inductance causes noise in signal
waveforms, which can adversely affect the performance of the circuit
and signal integrity. Several approaches have been put forward which
consider the inductance for on-chip interconnect modelling. But for
even much higher frequency, of the order of few GHz, the shunt
dielectric lossy component has become comparable to that of other
electrical parameters for high speed VLSI design. In order to cope up
with this effect, on-chip interconnect has to be modelled as
distributed RLCG line. Elmore delay based methods, although
efficient, cannot accurately estimate the delay for RLCG interconnect
line. In this paper, an accurate analytical delay model has been
derived, based on first and second moments of RLCG
interconnection lines. The proposed model considers both the effect
of inductance and conductance matrices. We have performed the
simulation in 0.18μm technology node and an error of as low as less
as 5% has been achieved with the proposed model when compared to
SPICE. The importance of the conductance matrices in interconnect
modelling has also been discussed and it is shown that if G is
neglected for interconnect line modelling, then it will result an delay
error of as high as 6% when compared to SPICE.