Abstract: Advances technology in the field of photogrammetry
replaces analog cameras with reflection on aircraft GPS/IMU system
with a digital aerial camera. In this system, when determining the
position of the camera with the GPS, camera rotations are also
determined by the IMU systems. All around the world, digital aerial
cameras have been used for the photogrammetry applications in the
last ten years. In this way, in terms of the work done in
photogrammetry it is possible to use time effectively, costs to be
reduced to a minimum level, the opportunity to make fast and
accurate.
Geo-referencing techniques that are the cornerstone of the GPS /
INS systems, photogrammetric triangulation of images required for
balancing (interior and exterior orientation) brings flexibility to the
process. Also geo-referencing process; needed in the application of
photogrammetry targets to help to reduce the number of ground
control points. In this study, the use of direct and indirect georeferencing
techniques on the accuracy of the points was investigated
in the production of photogrammetric mapping.
Abstract: Persea declinata (Bl.) Kosterm is a member of the
Lauraceae family, widely distributed in Southeast Asia. It is from the
same genus with avocado (Persea americana Mill), which is widely
consumed as food and for medicinal purposes. In the present study,
we examined the anticancer properties of Persea declinata (Bl.)
Kosterm bark methanolic crude extract (PDM). PDM exhibited a
potent antiproliferative effect in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells,
with an IC50 value of 16.68 .g/mL after 48h of treatment. We
observed that PDM caused cell cycle arrest and subsequent apoptosis
in MCF-7 cells, as exhibited by increased population at G0/G1 phase,
higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and DNA
fragmentation. Mechanistic studies showed that PDM caused
significant elevation in ROS production, leading to perturbation of
mitochondrial membrane potential, cell permeability, and activation
of caspases-3/7. On the other hand, real-time PCR and Western blot
analysis showed that PDM treatment increased the expression of the
proapoptotic molecule, Bax, but decreased the expression of
prosurvival proteins, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, in a dose-dependent manner.
These findings imply that PDM could inhibit proliferation in MCF-7
cells via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction, indicating its
potential as a therapeutic agent worthy of further development.
Abstract: This article presents summary on preparation and
characterization of zinc, copper, cadmium and cobalt chromite
nanocrystals, embedded in an amorphous silica matrix. The
ZnCr2O4/SiO2, CuCr2O4/SiO2, CdCr2O4/SiO2 and CoCr2O4/SiO2
nanocomposites were prepared by a conventional sol-gel method
under acid catalysis. Final heat treatment of the samples was carried
out at temperatures in the range of 900−1200 ◦C to adjust the
phase composition and the crystallite size, respectively. The resulting
samples were characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD),
High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM),
Raman/FTIR spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. Formation
of the spinel phase was confirmed in all samples. The average size of
the nanocrystals was determined from the PXRD data and by direct
particle size observation on HRTEM; both results were correlated.
The mean particle size (reviewed by HRTEM) was in the range from
∼4 to 46 nm. The results showed that the sol-gel method can be
effectively used for preparation of the spinel chromite nanoparticles
embedded in the silica matrix and the particle size is driven by the
type of the cation A2+ in the spinel structure and the temperature
of the final heat treatment. Magnetic properties of the nanocrystals
were found to be just moderately modified in comparison to the bulk
phases.
Abstract: Metal-enhanced Luminescence of silicon nanocrystals
(SiNCs) was determined using two different particle sizes of silver
nanoparticles (AgNPs). SiNCs have been characterized by scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron
microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that
the SiNCs are crystalline with an average diameter of 65 nm and FCC
lattice. AgNPs were synthesized using photochemical reduction of
AgNO3 with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The enhanced
luminescence of SiNCs by AgNPs was evaluated by confocal Raman
microspectroscopy. Enhancement up to x9 and x3 times were
observed for SiNCs that mixed with AgNPs which have an average
particle size of 100 nm and 30 nm, respectively. Silver NPs-enhanced
luminescence of SiNCs occurs as a result of the coupling between the
excitation laser light and the plasmon bands of AgNPs; thus this
intense field at AgNPs surface couples strongly to SiNCs.
Abstract: Heavy metals are one of the major groups of
contaminants in the environment and many of them are toxic even at
very low concentration in plants and animals. However, some metals
play important roles in the biological function of many enzymes in
living organisms. Metals such as zinc, iron, and cooper are important
for survival and activity of enzymes in plants, however heavy metals
can inhibit enzyme which is responsible for defense system of plants.
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is a copper-containing metalloenzyme
which is responsible for enzymatic browning reaction of plants.
Enzymatic browning is a major problem for the handling of
vegetables and fruits in food industry. It can be increased and
effected with many different futures such as metals in the nature and
ground. In the present work, PPO was isolated and characterized
from green leaves of red poppy plant (Papaverr hoeas). Then, the
effect of some known antibrowning agents which can form
complexes with metals and metals were investigated on the red poppy
PPO activity. The results showed that glutathione was the most
potent inhibitory effect on PPO activity. Cu(II) and Fe(II) metals
increased the enzyme activities however, Sn(II) had the maximum
inhibitory effect and Zn(II) and Pb(II) had no significant effect on the
enzyme activity. In order to reduce the effect of heavy metals, the
effects of metal-antibrowning agent complexes on the PPO activity
were determined. EDTA and metal complexes had no significant
effect on the enzyme. L-ascorbic acid and metal complexes decreased
but L-ascorbic acid-Cu(II)-complex had no effect. Glutathione–metal
complexes had the best inhibitory effect on Red poppy leaf PPO
activity.
Abstract: Economic Dispatch (ED) is one of the most
challenging problems of power system since it is difficult to determine
the optimum generation scheduling to meet the particular load demand
with the minimum fuel costs while all constraints are satisfied. The
objective of the Economic Dispatch Problems (EDPs) of electric
power generation is to schedule the committed generating units
outputs so as to meet the required load demand at minimum operating
cost while satisfying all units and system equality and inequality
constraints. In this paper, an efficient and practical steady-state genetic
algorithm (SSGAs) has been proposed for solving the economic
dispatch problem. The objective is to minimize the total generation
fuel cost and keep the power flows within the security limits. To
achieve that, the present work is developed to determine the optimal
location and size of capacitors in transmission power system where,
the Participation Factor Algorithm and the Steady State Genetic
Algorithm are proposed to select the best locations for the capacitors
and determine the optimal size for them.
Abstract: This entry concerned with dense silica bricks
microstructure was produced as a part of a project within the
Technology Agency of the Czech Republic which is being
implemented in cooperation of the biggest producer of refractories
the P-D Refractories CZ company with the research organisation
Brno University of Technology. The paper is focused on the
influence of mixture homogenisation and the influence of grain size
of the mineraliser on the resulting utility properties of the material as
well as its microstructure. It has a decisive influence on the durability
of the material in a building structure. This paper is a continuation of
a previously published study dealing with the suitability of various
types of mineralising agents in terms of density, strength and mineral
composition of silica brick.
The entry describes the influence of the method of mixture
homogenisation and the influence of granulometry of the applied Femineralising
agent on the resulting silica microstructure. Porosity,
density, phase composition and microstructure of the experimentally
prepared silica bricks samples were examined and the results were
discussed in context with the technology of homogenisation and
firing temperature used. The properties of silica bricks samples were
compared to the sample without any Fe-mineraliser.
Abstract: This study focuses on the cooling of a photovoltaic
panel (PV). Indeed, the cooling improves the conversion capacity of
this one and maintains, under extreme conditions of air temperature,
the panel temperature at an appreciable level which avoids the
altering. To do this, a fan provides forced circulation of air. Because
the fan is supplied by the panel, it is necessary to determine the
optimum operating point that unites efficiency of the PV with the
consumption of the fan. For this matter, numerical simulations are
performed at varying mass flow rates of air, under two extreme air
temperatures (50°C, 25°C) and a fixed solar radiation (1000W.m2) in
a case of no wind.
Abstract: Pollution of the Klip River has caused
microorganisms inhabiting it to develop protective survival
mechanisms. This study isolated and characterized the heavy metal
resistant bacteria in the Klip River. Water and sediment samples were
collected from six sites along the course of the river. The pH,
turbidity, salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen were measured
in-situ. The concentrations of six heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb
and Zn) of the water samples were determined by atomic absorption
spectroscopy. Biochemical and antibiotic profiles of the isolates were
assessed using the API 20E® and Kirby Bauer Method. Growth
studies were carried out using spectrophotometric methods. The
isolates were identified using 16SrDNA sequencing. The uppermost
part of the Klip River with the lowest pH had the highest levels of
heavy metals. Turbidity, salinity and specific conductivity increased
measurably at Site 4 (Henley on Klip Weir). MIC tests showed that
16 isolates exhibited high iron and lead resistance. Antibiotic
susceptibility tests revealed that the isolates exhibited multitolerances
to drugs such as Tetracycline, Ampicillin, and
Amoxicillin.
Abstract: Access control is one of the most challenging issues
facing information security. Access control is defined as, the ability to
permit or deny access to a particular computational resource or digital
information by an unauthorized user or subject. The concept of usage
control (UCON) has been introduced as a unified approach to capture a
number of extensions for access control models and systems. In
UCON, an access decision is determined by three factors:
authorizations, obligations and conditions. Attribute mutability and
decision continuity are two distinct characteristics introduced by
UCON for the first time. An observation of UCON components
indicates that, the components are predefined and static. In this paper,
we propose a new and flexible model of usage control for the creation
and elimination of some of these components; for example new
objects, subjects, attributes and integrate these with the original
UCON model. We also propose a model for concurrent usage
scenarios in UCON.
Abstract: The article demonstrates on a case study how it is
possible to identify MSD risk. It is based on a dissertation Risk
identification model of occupational diseases formation in relation to
the work activity that determines what risk can endanger workers who
are exposed to the specific risk factors. It is evaluated based on
statistical calculations. These risk factors are main cause of upperextremities
musculoskeletal disorders.
Abstract: Chloride resistance in Ultra High Performance
Concrete (UHPC) is determined in this paper. This work deals with
the one dimension chloride transport, which can be potentially
dangerous particularly for the durability of concrete structures. Risk
of reinforcement corrosion due to exposure to the concrete surface to
direct the action of chloride ions (mainly in the form de-icing salts or
groundwater) is dangerously increases. The measured data are
investigated depending on the depth of penetration of chloride ions
into the concrete structure. Comparative measurements with normal
strength concrete are done as well. The experimental results showed
that UHCP have improved resistance of chlorides penetration than
NSC and also chloride diffusion depth is significantly lower in
UHCP.
Abstract: The aim of the present study is to investigate the
potential use of the selected seed oils. The oil was extracted using
Soxhlet apparatus and the physicochemical characteristics of the oil
determined using standard methods. The following results were
obtained for the physicochemical parameters analysed: for Egusi seed
oil, Oil yield 53.20%, Saponification value 178.03±1.25 mgKOH/g,
Iodine value 49.10±0.32 g I2/100g, Acid value 4.30±0.86 mgKOH/g,
and Peroxide value 5.80±0.27 meq/kg were obtained. For Pawpaw
seed oil, Oil yield 40.10%, Saponification value 24.13±3.93
mgKOH/g, Iodine value 24.87±0.19 g I2/100g, Acid value 9.46±0.40
mgKOH/g, and Peroxide value 3.12±1.22 meq/kg were obtained. For
Sweet orange seed oil, Oil yield 43.10%, Saponification value
106.30±2.37 mgKOH/g, Iodine value 37.08±0.04 g I2/100g, Acid
value 7.59±0.77 mgKOH/g, and Peroxide value 2.21±0.46 meq/kg
were obtained. From the obtained values of the determined
parameters, the oils can be extracted from the three selected seeds in
commercial quantities and that the egusi and sweet orange seed oils
may be utilized in the industrial soap production.
Abstract: Red River Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) is a tree
of the genus Eucalyptus widely distributed in Algeria and in the
world. The value of its aromatic secondary metabolites offers new
perspectives in the pharmaceutical industry. This strategy can
contribute to the sustainable development of our country. Preliminary
tests performed on the essential oil of Eucalyptus camendulensis
showed that this oil has antibacterial activity vis-à-vis the bacterial
strains (Enterococcus feacalis, Enterobacter cloaceai, Proteus
microsilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa) and antifungic (Fusarium sporotrichioide and Fusarium
graminearum). The culture medium used was nutrient broth Muller
Hinton. The interaction between the bacteria and the essential oil is
expressed by a zone of inhibition with diameters of MIC indirectly
expression of. And we used the PDA medium to determine the fungal
activity. The extraction of the aromatic fraction (essentially oilhydrolat)
of the fresh aerian part of the Eucalyptus camendulensis
was performed by hydrodistillation. The average essential oil yield is
0.99%. The antimicrobial and fungal study of the essential oil and
hydrosol showed a high inhibitory effect on the growth of pathogens.
Abstract: In this study, first thermoplastic composite materials
/plates that have high ballistic impact resistance were produced. For
this purpose, the thermoplastic prepreg and the vacuum bagging
technique were used to produce a composite material. Thermoplastic
prepregs (resin-impregnated fiber) that are supplied ready to be used,
namely high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was chosen as matrix and
unidirectional glass fiber was used as reinforcement. In order to
compare the fiber configuration effect on mechanical properties,
unidirectional and biaxial prepregs were used. Then the
microstructural properties of the composites were investigated with
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Impact properties of
the composites were examined by Charpy impact test and tensile
mechanical tests and then the effects of ultraviolet irradiation were
investigated on mechanical performance.
Abstract: The study area is Zaria, located in the basement
complex of northern Nigeria. The rock type forming the major part of
the Zaria batholith is granite. This research work was carried out to
compare the responses of seismic refraction tomography and
resistivity tomography in the same geologic environment and under
the same conditions. Hence, the choice of the site that has a visible
granitic outcrop that extends across a narrow stream channel and is
flanked by unconsolidated overburden, a neutral profile that was
covered by plain overburden and a site with thick lateritic cover
became necessary. The results of the seismic and resistivity
tomography models reveals that seismic velocity and resistivity does
not always simultaneously increase with depth, but their responses in
any geologic environment are determined by changes in the
mechanical and chemical content of the rock types rather than depth.
Abstract: In the 13th Malaysia’s General Elections held in 2013,
it was observed that large numbers of urban constituencies saw
strongly decisive young voters (between 21-39 age group) determine
the outcome in their favour. Also, the Elections Commission had
approximated that 70% of some 4.2 million unregistered voters at the
time were citizens aged between 21 and 40 years old. If they are not
already considered an important form of political leverage, 450,000
young Malaysians turn 21 years old each year. Further compounding
this fact were the 2.4 million new voters registered in 2012, which at
the time constituted almost 30% of the entire voting population. This
article discusses the importance of issues for the youth, with
reference to the university students in Malaysia in their decision
making on polling day.
Abstract: Malathion (ML) is a well known pesticide commonly
used in many agricultural and non-agricultural processes. Its toxicity
has been attributed primarily to the accumulation of acetylcholine
(Ach) at nerve junctions, due to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
(AChE). The aim of the current research was to study the protective
effect of the melissa plant extract against reproductive impairment
induced by malathion in 32 male albino rats, and the biological
experiment was divided into four groups (8 in each) that given
malathion (27 mg/kg; 1/50 of the LD50 for an oral dose) and/or
Melissa officinalis (MO) extract (200mg/kg/day) by gavages
technique. The sperm counts, sperm motility, sperm morphology,
FSH, LH, and testosterone levels had been determined in testes
homogenate at the end of the experiment. It is worthy to report that,
rats treated with melissa extract did not show a significant difference
when compared with the control group, while rats given malathion
alone had significantly lower sperm count, sperm motility, and
significantly higher abnormal sperm numbers, than the untreated
control rats as well as having significantly lower serum FSH, LH, and
testosterone levels compared with the control group. Administrations
of melissa extract restore all mentioned histological parameters
towards the control group and the melissa extract had a strong
positive protective effect against malathion toxicity. Results the of
biological parameters were confirmed by the histological
examination of rat testes and indicated that, both control and melissa
groups showing normal seminiferous tubules, while malathion group
testicular tissues had necrosis, edema in the seminiferous tubules and
degeneration of spermatogonial cells lining the seminiferous tubules
with incomplete spermatogenesis. The use of melissa against
malathion improved the histological picture and showing normal
seminiferous tubules with complete spermatogenesis and almost there
was no histopathological changes could be noted.
Abstract: The mineral bioflotation represents a viable
alternative for the evaluation of new processes benefit alternative.
The adsorption bacteria on minerals surfaces will depend mainly on
the type of the microorganism as well as of the studied mineral
surface. In the current study, adhesion of S. carnosus on coal was
studied. Several methods were used as: DRX, Fourier Transform
Infra-Red (FTIR) adhesion isotherms and kinetic. The main goal is to
recovery of organic matter by the microflotation process on coal
particles with biological reagent (S. carnosus). Adhesion tests
revealed that adhesion took place after of 8 h at pH 9. The results
suggest that the adhesion of bacteria to solid substrates can be
considered an abiotic physicochemical process that is consequently
governed by bacterial surface properties such as their specific surface
area, hydrophobicity and surface functionalities. The greatest coal
fine flotability was of 75%, after 5 min of flotation.
Abstract: Composite materials have important assets compared
to traditional materials. They bring many functional advantages:
lightness, mechanical resistance and chemical, etc. In the present
study we examine the effect of a circular central notch and a precrack
on the tensile fracture of two woven composite materials. The tensile
tests were applied to a standardized specimen, notched and a
precarcked (orientation of the crack 0°, 45° and 90°). These tensile
tests were elaborated according to an experimental planning design of
the type 23.31 requiring 24 experiments with three repetitions. By the
analysis of regression, we obtained a mathematical model describing
the maximum load according to the influential parameters (hole
diameter, precrack length, angle of a precrack orientation). The
specimens precracked at 90° have a better behavior than those having
a precrack at 45° and still better than those having of the precracks
oriented at 0°. In addition the maximum load is inversely
proportional to the notch size.