Abstract: Histogram plays an important statistical role in digital
image processing. However, the existing quantum image models are
deficient to do this kind of image statistical processing because
different gray scales are not distinguishable. In this paper, a novel
quantum image representation model is proposed firstly in which the
pixels with different gray scales can be distinguished and operated
simultaneously. Based on the new model, a fast quantum algorithm of
constructing histogram for quantum image is designed. Performance
comparison reveals that the new quantum algorithm could achieve an
approximately quadratic speedup than the classical counterpart. The
proposed quantum model and algorithm have significant meanings for
the future researches of quantum image processing.
Abstract: Due to the non- intuitive nature of Quantum
algorithms, it becomes difficult for a classically trained person to
efficiently construct new ones. So rather than designing new
algorithms manually, lately, Genetic algorithms (GA) are being
implemented for this purpose. GA is a technique to automatically
solve a problem using principles of Darwinian evolution. This has
been implemented to explore the possibility of evolving an n-qubit
circuit when the circuit matrix has been provided using a set of
single, two and three qubit gates. Using a variable length population
and universal stochastic selection procedure, a number of possible
solution circuits, with different number of gates can be obtained for
the same input matrix during different runs of GA. The given
algorithm has also been successfully implemented to obtain two and
three qubit Boolean circuits using Quantum gates. The results
demonstrate the effectiveness of the GA procedure even when the
search spaces are large.
Abstract: To investigate effect of salt stress on Chlorophyll
fluorescence four cultivars (fong,star,chamran and kharchia) of wheat
(Triticum aestivum) plants subjected to salinity levels ( control,8,12
and 16 dsm-1 ) from one week after emergence to the end of stem
elongation under greenhouse condition . results showed that quantum
yield of photosystem II from light adopted leaves (ΦPSII),
Photochemical quenching (qP) ,quantum yield of dark adopted leaves
(fv/fm) and non photochemical quenching (NPq) were affected by
salt stress . Salinity levels affected photosynthetic rate. Star and fong
cultivars showed minimum and maximum levels of photosynthetic
rate in respectively. Minimum photosynthetic rate differences
between levels of salinity were shown in Kharchia. Shoot dry matter
of all cultivars decreased by increasing salinity levels. Results
showed that non photochemical quenching by salinity levels attribute
to the decreases in shoot dry matter.
Abstract: Prime Factorization based on Quantum approach in
two phases has been performed. The first phase has been achieved at
Quantum computer and the second phase has been achieved at the
classic computer (Post Processing). At the second phase the goal is to
estimate the period r of equation xrN ≡ 1 and to find the prime factors
of the composite integer N in classic computer. In this paper we
present a method based on Randomized Approach for estimation the
period r with a satisfactory probability and the composite integer N
will be factorized therefore with the Randomized Approach even the
gesture of the period is not exactly the real period at least we can find
one of the prime factors of composite N. Finally we present some
important points for designing an Emulator for Quantum Computer
Simulation.
Abstract: In the present work we model a Multiquantum Well
structure Separate Absorption and Charge Multiplication Avalanche
Photodiode (MQW-SACM-APD), while the Absorption region
coincide with the MQW. We consider the nonuniformity of electric
field using split-step method in active region. This model is based on
the carrier rate equations in the different regions of the device. Using
the model we obtain the photocurrent, and dark current. As an
example, InGaAs/InP SACM-APD and MQW-SACM-APD are
simulated. There is a good agreement between the simulation and
experimental results.
Abstract: The threshold voltage and capacitance voltage characteristics of ultra-thin Silicon-on-Insulator MOSFET are greatly influenced by the thickness and doping concentration of the silicon film. In this work, the capacitance voltage characteristics and threshold voltage of the device have been analyzed with quantum mechanical effects using the Self-Consistent model. Reduction of channel thickness and adding doping impurities cause an increase in the threshold voltage. Moreover, the temperature effects cause a significant amount of threshold voltage shift. The temperature dependence of threshold voltage has also been observed with Self- Consistent approach which are well supported from experimental performance of practical devices.
Abstract: A systematic and exhaustive method based on the group
structure of a unitary Lie algebra is proposed to generate an enormous
number of quantum codes. With respect to the algebraic structure,
the orthogonality condition, which is the central rule of generating
quantum codes, is proved to be fully equivalent to the distinguishability
of the elements in this structure. In addition, four types of
quantum codes are classified according to the relation of the codeword
operators and some initial quantum state. By linking the unitary Lie
algebra with the additive group, the classical correspondences of some
of these quantum codes can be rendered.
Abstract: In the closed quantum system, if the control system is
strongly regular and all other eigenstates are directly coupled to the
target state, the control system can be asymptotically stabilized at the
target eigenstate by the Lyapunov control based on the state error.
However, if the control system is not strongly regular or as long as
there is one eigenstate not directly coupled to the target state, the
situations will become complicated. In this paper, we propose an
implicit Lyapunov control method based on the state error to solve the
convergence problems for these two degenerate cases. And at the same
time, we expand the target state from the eigenstate to the arbitrary
pure state. Especially, the proposed method is also applicable in the
control system with multi-control Hamiltonians. On this basis, the
convergence of the control systems is analyzed using the LaSalle
invariance principle. Furthermore, the relation between the implicit
Lyapunov functions of the state distance and the state error is
investigated. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to verify
the effectiveness of the proposed implicit Lyapunov control method.
The comparisons of the control effect using the implicit Lyapunov
control method based on the state distance with that of the state error
are given.
Abstract: We report the size dependence of 1D superconductivity in ultrathin (10-130 nm) nanowires produced by coating suspended carbon nanotubes with a superconducting NbN thin film. The resistance-temperature characteristic curves for samples with ≧25 nm wire width show the superconducting transition. On the other hand, for the samples with 10-nm width, the superconducting transition is not exhibited owing to the quantum size effect. The differential resistance vs. current density characteristic curves show some peak, indicating that Josephson junctions are formed in nanowires. The presence of the Josephson junctions is well explained by the measurement of the magnetic field dependence of the critical current. These understanding allow for the further expansion of the potential application of NbN, which is utilized for single photon detectors and so on.
Abstract: We report on a high-speed quantum cryptography
system that utilizes simultaneous entanglement in polarization and in
“time-bins". With multiple degrees of freedom contributing to the
secret key, we can achieve over ten bits of random entropy per detected coincidence. In addition, we collect from multiple spots o
the downconversion cone to further amplify the data rate, allowing usto achieve over 10 Mbits of secure key per second.
Abstract: Absorption and fluorescence spectra of quinine
sulphate (QSD) have been recorded at room temperature in wide
range of solvents of different polarities. The ground-state dipole
moment of QSD was obtained from quantum mechanical calculations
and the excited state dipole moment of QSD was estimated from
Bakhshiev-s and Kawski-Chamma-Viallet-s equations by means of
solvatochromic shift method. Higher value of dipole moment is
observed for excited state as compared to the corresponding ground
state value and this is attributed to the more polar excited state of
QSD.
Abstract: Classical Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes C that contain their dual codes can be used to construct quantum stabilizer codes this chapter studies the properties of such codes. It had been shown that a BCH code of length n which contains its dual code satisfies the bound on weight of any non-zero codeword in C and converse is also true. One impressive difficulty in quantum communication and computation is to protect informationcarrying quantum states against undesired interactions with the environment. To address this difficulty, many good quantum errorcorrecting codes have been derived as binary stabilizer codes. We were able to shed more light on the structure of dual containing BCH codes. These results make it possible to determine the parameters of quantum BCH codes in terms of weight of non-zero dual codeword.
Abstract: Ovshinsky initiated scientific research in the field of
amorphous and disordered materials that continues to this day. The
Ovshinsky Effect where the resistance of thin GST films is
significantly reduced upon the application of low voltage is of
fundamental importance in phase-change - random access memory
(PC-RAM) devices.GST stands for GdSbTe chalcogenide type
glasses.However, the Ovshinsky Effect is not without controversy.
Ovshinsky thought the resistance of GST films is reduced by the
redistribution of charge carriers; whereas, others at that time including
many PC-RAM researchers today argue that the GST resistance
changes because the GST amorphous state is transformed to the
crystalline state by melting, the heat supplied by external heaters. In
this controversy, quantum mechanics (QM) asserts the heat capacity of
GST films vanishes, and therefore melting cannot occur as the heat
supplied cannot be conserved by an increase in GST film
temperature.By precluding melting, QM re-opens the controversy
between the melting and charge carrier mechanisms. Supporting
analysis is presented to show that instead of increasing GST film
temperature, conservation proceeds by the QED induced creation of
photons within the GST film, the QED photons confined by TIR. QED
stands for quantum electrodynamics and TIR for total internal
reflection. The TIR confinement of QED photons is enhanced by the
fact the absorbedheat energy absorbed in the GST film is concentrated
in the TIR mode because of their high surface to volume ratio. The
QED photons having Planck energy beyond the ultraviolet produce
excitons by the photoelectric effect, the electrons and holes of which
reduce the GST film resistance.
Abstract: In present work are considered the scheme of
evaluation the transition probability in quantum system. It is based on
path integral representation of transition probability amplitude and its
evaluation by means of a saddle point method, applied to the part of
integration variables. The whole integration process is reduced to
initial value problem solutions of Hamilton equations with a random
initial phase point. The scheme is related to the semiclassical initial
value representation approaches using great number of trajectories. In
contrast to them from total set of generated phase paths only one path
for each initial coordinate value is selected in Monte Karlo process.
Abstract: In this paper we consider quantum motion integrals
depended on the algebraic reconstruction of BPHZ method for
perturbative renormalization in two different procedures. Then based
on Bogoliubov character and Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff (BCH) formula,
we show that how motion integral condition on components
of Birkhoff factorization of a Feynman rules character on Connes-
Kreimer Hopf algebra of rooted trees can determine a family of fixed
point equations.
Abstract: The production of devices in nanoscale with specific
molecular rectifying function is one of the most significant goals in
state-of-art technology. In this work we show by ab initio quantum
mechanics calculations coupled with non-equilibrium Green
function, the design of an organic two-terminal device. These
molecular structures have molecular source and drain with several
bridge length (from five up to 11 double bonds). Our results are
consistent with significant features as a molecular rectifier and can be
raised up as: (a) it can be used as bi-directional symmetrical rectifier;
(b) two devices integrated in one (FET with one operational region,
and Thyristor thiristor); (c) Inherent stability due small intrinsic
capacitance under forward/reverse bias. We utilize a scheme for the
transport mechanism based on previous properties of ¤Ç bonds type
that can be successfully utilized to construct organic nanodevices.
Abstract: The aim of this research was to calculate the thermal
properties of Au3Ni Nanowire. The molecular dynamics (MD)
simulation technique was used to obtain the effect of radius size on
the energy, the melting temperature and the latent heat of fusion at
the isobaric-isothermal (NPT) ensemble. The Quantum Sutton-Chen
(Q-SC) many body interatomic potentials energy have been used for
Gold (Au) and Nickel (Ni) elements and a mixing rule has been
devised to obtain the parameters of these potentials for nanowire
stats. Our MD simulation results show the melting temperature and
latent heat of fusion increase upon increasing diameter of nanowire.
Moreover, the cohesive energy decreased with increasing diameter of
nanowire.
Abstract: We propose the use of magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) to realize single-qubit quantum gates. We consider longitudinal and polar MOKE in reflection geometry in which the magnetic field is parallel to both the plane of incidence and surface of the film. MOKE couples incident TE and TM polarized photons and the Hamiltonian that represents this interaction is isomorphic to that of a canonical two-level quantum system. By varying the phase and amplitude of the magnetic field, we can realize Hadamard, NOT, and arbitrary phase-shift single-qubit quantum gates. The principal advantage is operation with magnetically non-transparent materials.
Abstract: This paper presents a new optimization technique based on quantum computing principles to solve a security constrained power system economic dispatch problem (SCED). The proposed technique is a population-based algorithm, which uses some quantum computing elements in coding and evolving groups of potential solutions to reach the optimum following a partially directed random approach. The SCED problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem in a way that insures a secure-economic system operation. Real Coded Quantum-Inspired Evolution Algorithm (RQIEA) is then applied to solve the constrained optimization formulation. Simulation results of the proposed approach are compared with those reported in literature. The outcome is very encouraging and proves that RQIEA is very applicable for solving security constrained power system economic dispatch problem (SCED).
Abstract: A simple and dexterous in situ method was introduced to load CdS nanocrystals into organofunctionalized mesoporous, which used an ion-exchange method. The products were extensively characterized by combined spectroscopic methods. X- ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) demonstrated both the maintenance of pore symmetry (space group p6mm) of SBA-15 and the presence of CdS nanocrystals with uniform sizes of about 6 - 8 nm inside the functionalized SBA-15 channels. These mesoporous silica-supported CdS composites showed room temperature photoluminescence properties with a blue shift, indicating the quantum size effect of nanocrystalline CdS.