Abstract: This paper proposes a new methodology for the
optimal allocation and sizing of Embedded Generation (EG)
employing Real Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA) to minimize the
total power losses and to improve voltage profiles in the radial
distribution networks. RCGA is a method that uses continuous
floating numbers as representation which is different from
conventional binary numbers. The RCGA is used as solution tool,
which can determine the optimal location and size of EG in radial
system simultaneously. This method is developed in MATLAB. The
effect of EG units- installation and their sizing to the distribution
networks are demonstrated using 24 bus system.
Abstract: In Public Wireless LANs(PWLANs), user anonymity
is an essential issue. Recently, Juang et al. proposed an anonymous
authentication and key exchange protocol using smart cards in
PWLANs. They claimed that their proposed scheme provided identity
privacy, mutual authentication, and half-forward secrecy. In this paper,
we point out that Juang et al.'s protocol is vulnerable to the
stolen-verifier attack and does not satisfy user anonymity.
Abstract: It has formed an essential issue that Climate Change, composed of highly knowledge complexity, reveals its significant impact on human existence. Therefore, specific national policies, some of which present the educational aspects, have been published for overcoming the imperative problem. Accordingly, the study aims to analyze as well as integrate the relationship between Climate Change and environmental education and apply the perspective of concept map to represent the knowledge contents and structures of Climate Change; by doing so, knowledge contents of Climate Change could be represented in an even more comprehensive way and manipulated as the tool for environmental education. The method adapted for this study is knowledge conversion model compounded of the platform for experts and teachers, who were the participants for this study, to cooperate and combine each participant-s standpoints into a complete knowledge framework that is the foundation for structuring the concept map. The result of this research contains the important concepts, the precise propositions and the entire concept map for representing the robust concepts of Climate Change.
Abstract: This paper focuses on the Mega-Sub Controlled
Structure Systems (MSCSS) performances and characteristics
regarding the new control principle contained in MSCSS subjected to
strong earthquake excitations. The adopted control scheme consists of
modulated sub-structures where the control action is achieved by
viscous dampers and sub-structure own configuration. The
elastic-plastic time history analysis under severe earthquake excitation
is analyzed base on the Finite Element Analysis Method (FEAM), and
some comparison results are also given in this paper. The result shows
that the MSCSS systems can remarkably reduce vibrations effects
more than the mega-sub structure (MSS). The study illustrates that the
improved MSCSS presents good seismic resistance ability even at 1.2g
and can absorb seismic energy in the structure, thus imply that
structural members cross section can be reduce and achieve to good
economic characteristics. Furthermore, the elasto-plastic analysis
demonstrates that the MSCSS is accurate enough regarding
international building evaluation and design codes. This paper also
shows that the elasto-plastic dynamic analysis method is a reasonable
and reliable analysis method for structures subjected to strong
earthquake excitations and that the computed results are more precise.
Abstract: Traffic congestion has become a major problem in
many countries. One of the main causes of traffic congestion is due
to road merges. Vehicles tend to move slower when they reach the
merging point. In this paper, an enhanced algorithm for traffic
simulation based on the fluid-dynamic algorithm and kinematic wave
theory is proposed. The enhanced algorithm is used to study traffic
congestion at a road merge. This paper also describes the
development of a dynamic traffic simulation tool which is used as a
scenario planning and to forecast traffic congestion level in a certain
time based on defined parameter values. The tool incorporates the
enhanced algorithm as well as the two original algorithms. Output
from the three above mentioned algorithms are measured in terms of
traffic queue length, travel time and the total number of vehicles
passing through the merging point. This paper also suggests an
efficient way of reducing traffic congestion at a road merge by
analyzing the traffic queue length and travel time.
Abstract: Existing ground movement surveillance technologies
at airports are subjected to limitations due to shadowing effects or
multiple reflections. Therefore, there is a strong demand for a new
sensing technology, which will be cost effective and will provide
detection of non-cooperative targets under any weather conditions.
This paper aims to present a new intelligent system, developed
within the framework of the EC-funded ISMAEL project, which is
based on a new magnetic sensing technology and provides detection,
tracking and automatic classification of targets moving on the airport
surface. The system is currently being installed at two European
airports. Initial experimental results under real airport traffic
demonstrate the great potential of the proposed system.
Abstract: Increasing the demand for effectively use of the
production facility requires the tools for sharing the manufacturing
facility through remote operation of the machining process. This
research introduces the methodology of machining technology for
direct remote operation of networked milling machine. The
integrated tools with virtual simulation, remote desktop protocol and
Setup Free Attachment for remote operation of milling process are
proposed. Accessing and monitoring of machining operation is
performed by remote desktop interface and 3D virtual simulations.
Capability of remote operation is supported by an auto setup
attachment with a reconfigurable pin type setup free technology
installed on the table of CNC milling machine to perform unattended
machining process. The system is designed using a computer server
and connected to a PC based controlled CNC machine for real time
monitoring. A client will access the server through internet
communication and virtually simulate the machine activity. The
result has been presented that combination between real time virtual
simulation and remote desktop tool is enabling to operate all machine
tool functions and as well as workpiece setup..
Abstract: There has been a growing interest in utilizing surfactants in remediation processes to separate the hydrophobic volatile organic compounds (HVOCs) from aqueous solution. One attractive process is cloud point extraction (CPE), which utilizes nonionic surfactants as a separating agent. Since the surfactant cost is a key determination of the economic viability of the process, it is important that the surfactants are recycled and reused. This work aims to study the performance of the co-current vacuum stripping using a packed column for HVOCs removal from contaminated surfactant solution. Six types HVOCs are selected as contaminants. The studied surfactant is the branched secondary alcohol ethoxylates (AEs), Tergitol TMN-6 (C14H30O2). The volatility and the solubility of HVOCs in surfactant system are determined in terms of an apparent Henry’s law constant and a solubilization constant, respectively. Moreover, the HVOCs removal efficiency of vacuum stripping column is assessed in terms of percentage of HVOCs removal and the overall liquid phase volumetric mass transfer coefficient. The apparent Henry’s law constant of benzenz , toluene, and ethyl benzene were 7.00×10-5, 5.38×10-5, 3.35× 10-5 respectively. The solubilization constant of benzene, toluene, and ethyl benzene were 1.71, 2.68, 7.54 respectively. The HVOCs removal for all solute were around 90 percent.
Abstract: Tourists- eyes will often be attracted by the unique
phenomenon of the roadsides: betel nut beauties (pronounced as
binlang xishi in Mandarin), if they drive on the roads of Taiwan.
Sitting in the neon-lit glass stalls with attractive dress on the roadsides,
betel nut beauties usually sell betel nuts to the passing truckers or car
drivers with much of their efforts. Moreover, in order to attract
peoples- eyesight and increase the sales volume, the young girls are in
skimpy clothing to promote betel nuts or beverages to their customers.
Therefore, when the Chinese tourists come to Taiwan, to see the
unique betel nut beauty phenomenon has become one of their greatly
interested things or even a “must see". This paper describes betel but
beauties in Taiwan, explained why the Chinese tourists like to see
them in Taiwan and proposed propositions for examination.
Abstract: Adaptive control involves modifying the control law
used by the controller to cope with the fact that the parameters of the
system being controlled change drastically due to change in
environmental conditions or in system itself. This technique is based
on the fundamental characteristic of adaptation of living organism.
The adaptive control process is one that continuously and
automatically measures the dynamic behavior of plant, compares it
with the desired output and uses the difference to vary adjustable
system parameters or to generate an actuating signal in such a way so
that optimal performance can be maintained regardless of system
changes. This paper deals with application of model reference
adaptive control scheme in first order system. The rule which is used
for this application is MIT rule. This paper also shows the effect of
adaptation gain on the system performance. Simulation is done in
MATLAB and results are discussed in detail.
Abstract: The fault detection and diagnosis of complicated
production processes is one of essential tasks needed to run the process
safely with good final product quality. Unexpected events occurred in
the process may have a serious impact on the process. In this work,
triangular representation of process measurement data obtained in an
on-line basis is evaluated using simulation process. The effect of using
linear and nonlinear reduced spaces is also tested. Their diagnosis
performance was demonstrated using multivariate fault data. It has
shown that the nonlinear technique based diagnosis method produced
more reliable results and outperforms linear method. The use of
appropriate reduced space yielded better diagnosis performance. The
presented diagnosis framework is different from existing ones in that it
attempts to extract the fault pattern in the reduced space, not in the
original process variable space. The use of reduced model space helps
to mitigate the sensitivity of the fault pattern to noise.
Abstract: MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) is an
emerging technology that aims to address many of the existing issues
associated with packet forwarding in today-s Internetworking
environment. It provides a method of forwarding packets at a high
rate of speed by combining the speed and performance of Layer 2
with the scalability and IP intelligence of Layer 3. In a traditional IP
(Internet Protocol) routing network, a router analyzes the destination
IP address contained in the packet header. The router independently
determines the next hop for the packet using the destination IP
address and the interior gateway protocol. This process is repeated at
each hop to deliver the packet to its final destination. In contrast, in
the MPLS forwarding paradigm routers on the edge of the network
(label edge routers) attach labels to packets based on the forwarding
Equivalence class (FEC). Packets are then forwarded through the
MPLS domain, based on their associated FECs , through swapping
the labels by routers in the core of the network called label switch
routers. The act of simply swapping the label instead of referencing
the IP header of the packet in the routing table at each hop provides
a more efficient manner of forwarding packets, which in turn allows
the opportunity for traffic to be forwarded at tremendous speeds and
to have granular control over the path taken by a packet. This paper
deals with the process of MPLS forwarding mechanism,
implementation of MPLS datapath , and test results showing the
performance comparison of MPLS and IP routing. The discussion
will focus primarily on MPLS IP packet networks – by far the
most common application of MPLS today.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of enhancing images from a left and right stereo pair in order to increase the resolution of a 3D representation of a scene generated from that same pair. A new neural network structure known as a Self Delaying Dynamic Network (SDN) has been used to perform the enhancement. The advantage of SDNs over existing techniques such as bicubic interpolation is their ability to cope with motion and noise effects. SDNs are used to generate two high resolution images, one based on frames taken from the left view of the subject, and one based on the frames from the right. This new high resolution stereo pair is then processed by a disparity map generator. The disparity map generated is compared to two other disparity maps generated from the same scene. The first is a map generated from an original high resolution stereo pair and the second is a map generated using a stereo pair which has been enhanced using bicubic interpolation. The maps generated using the SDN enhanced pairs match more closely the target maps. The addition of extra noise into the input images is less problematic for the SDN system which is still able to out perform bicubic interpolation.
Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are emerging
because of the developments in wireless communication technology and miniaturization of the hardware. WSN consists of a large number of low-cost, low-power, multifunctional sensor nodes to monitor physical conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure,
motion, etc. The MAC protocol to be used in the sensor networks must be energy efficient and this should aim at conserving the energy during its operation. In this paper, with the focus of analyzing the
MAC protocols used in wireless Adhoc networks to WSN, simulation
experiments were conducted in Global Mobile Simulator
(GloMoSim) software. Number of packets sent by regular nodes, and received by sink node in different deployment strategies, total energy
spent, and the network life time have been chosen as the metric for comparison. From the results of simulation, it is evident that the IEEE 802.11 protocol performs better compared to CSMA and MACA protocols.
Abstract: The aeration process via injectors is used to combat
the lack of oxygen in lakes due to eutrophication. A 3D numerical
simulation of the resulting flow using a simplified model is presented.
In order to generate the best dynamic in the fluid with respect to
the aeration purpose, the optimization of the injectors location is
considered. We propose to adapt to this problem the topological
sensitivity analysis method which gives the variation of a criterion
with respect to the creation of a small hole in the domain. The main
idea is to derive the topological sensitivity analysis of the physical
model with respect to the insertion of an injector in the fluid flow
domain. We propose in this work a topological optimization algorithm
based on the studied asymptotic expansion. Finally we present some
numerical results, showing the efficiency of our approach
Abstract: A new SUZ-4 zeolite membrane with
tetraethlyammonium hydroxide as the template was fabricated on
mullite tube via hydrothermal sol-gel synthesis in a rotating
autoclave reactor. The suitable synthesis condition was SiO2:Al2O3
ratio of 21.2 for 4 days at 155 °C crystallization under autogenous
pressure. The obtained SUZ-4 possessed a high BET surface area of
396.4 m2/g, total pore volume at 2.611 cm3/g, and narrow pore size
distribution with 97 nm mean diameter and 760 nm long of needle
crystal shape. The SUZ-4 layer obtained from seeding crystallization
was thicker than that of without seeds or in situ crystallization.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with the application of the vision control algorithm for robot's point placement task in discontinuous trajectory caused by obstacle. The presented vision control algorithm consists of four models, which are the robot kinematic model, vision system model, parameters estimation model, and robot joint angle estimation model.When the robot moves toward a target along discontinuous trajectory, several types of obstacles appear in two obstacle regions. Then, this study is to investigate how these changes will affect the presented vision control algorithm.Thus, the practicality of the vision control algorithm is demonstrated experimentally by performing the robot's point placement task in discontinuous trajectory by obstacle.
Abstract: This is a study on numerical simulation of the convection-diffusion transport of a chemical species in steady flow through a small-diameter tube, which is lined with a very thin layer made up of retentive and absorptive materials. The species may be subject to a first-order kinetic reversible phase exchange with the wall material and irreversible absorption into the tube wall. Owing to the velocity shear across the tube section, the chemical species may spread out axially along the tube at a rate much larger than that given by the molecular diffusion; this process is known as dispersion. While the long-time dispersion behavior, well described by the Taylor model, has been extensively studied in the literature, the early development of the dispersion process is by contrast much less investigated. By early development, that means a span of time, after the release of the chemical into the flow, that is shorter than or comparable to the diffusion time scale across the tube section. To understand the early development of the dispersion, the governing equations along with the reactive boundary conditions are solved numerically using the Flux Corrected Transport Algorithm (FCTA). The computation has enabled us to investigate the combined effects on the early development of the dispersion coefficient due to the reversible and irreversible wall reactions. One of the results is shown that the dispersion coefficient may approach its steady-state limit in a short time under the following conditions: (i) a high value of Damkohler number (say Da ≥ 10); (ii) a small but non-zero value of absorption rate (say Γ* ≤ 0.5).
Abstract: This paper presents an algorithm which extends the rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) framework to deal with change of the task environments. This algorithm called the Retrieval RRT Strategy (RRS) combines a support vector machine (SVM) and RRT and plans the robot motion in the presence of the change of the surrounding environment. This algorithm consists of two levels. At the first level, the SVM is built and selects a proper path from the bank of RRTs for a given environment. At the second level, a real path is planned by the RRT planners for the given environment. The suggested method is applied to the control of KUKA™,, a commercial 6 DOF robot manipulator, and its feasibility and efficiency are demonstrated via the cosimulatation of MatLab™, and RecurDyn™,.
Abstract: Tanzania is a developing country, which significantly lags behind the rest of the world in information communications technology (ICT), especially for the Internet. Internet connectivity to the rest of the world is via expensive satellite links, thus leaving the majority of the population unable to access the Internet due to the high cost. This paper introduces the concept of an optical WDM network for Internet infrastructure in Tanzania, so as to reduce Internet connection costs, and provide Internet access to the majority of people who live in both urban and rural areas. We also present a proposed optical WDM network, which mitigates the effects of system impairments, and provide simulation results to show that the data is successfully transmitted over a longer distance using a WDM network.