Abstract: There is a acute water problem especially in the dry
season in and around Perundurai (Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India)
where there are more number of tannery units. Hence an attempt was
made to use the waste water from tannery industry for construction
purpose. The mechanical properties such as compressive strength,
tensile strength, flexural strength etc were studied by casting various
concrete specimens in form of cube, cylinders and beams etc and
were found to be satisfactory. Hence some special properties such as
chloride attack, sulphate attack and chemical attack are considered
and comparatively studied with the conventional potable water. In
this experimental study the results of specimens prepared by using
treated and untreated tannery effluent were compared with the
concrete specimens prepared by using potable water. It was observed
that the concrete had some reduction in strength while subjected to
chloride attack, sulphate attack and chemical attack. So admixtures
were selected and optimized in suitable proportion to counter act the
adverse effects and the results were found to be satisfactory.
Abstract: This paper presents the experimental results on
artificial ageing test of 22 kV XLPE cable for distribution system
application in Thailand. XLPE insulating material of 22 kV cable
was sliced to 60-70 μm in thick and was subjected to ac high voltage
at 23
Ôùª
C, 60
Ôùª
C and 75
Ôùª
C. Testing voltage was constantly applied to
the specimen until breakdown. Breakdown voltage and time to
breakdown were used to evaluate life time of insulating material.
Furthermore, the physical model by J. P. Crine for predicts life time
of XLPE insulating material was adopted as life time model and was
calculated in order to compare the experimental results. Acceptable
life time results were obtained from Crine-s model comparing with
the experimental result. In addition, fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR) for chemical analysis and scanning electron
microscope (SEM) for physical analysis were conducted on tested
specimens.
Abstract: Xanthan gum is a microbial polysaccharide of great
commercial significance. The purpose of this study was to select the
optimum fermentation time for xanthan gum production by
Xanthomonas campestris (NRRL-B-1459) using 10% sugar beet
molasses as a carbon source. The pre-heating of sugar beet molasses
and the supplementation of the medium were investigated in order to
improve xanthan gum production. Maximum xanthan gum
production in fermentation media (9.02 g/l) was observed after 4 days
shaking incubation at 25°C and 240 rpm agitation speed. A solution
of 10% sucrose was used as a control medium. Results indicated that
the optimum period for xanthan gum production in this condition was
4 days.
Abstract: Recently, it has been suggested that thought control strategies aimed at controlling unwanted thoughts may be used to cope with paranoid thoughts in both clinical and nonclinical samples. The current study aims to examine the type of thought control strategies that were associated with the frequency of paranoid thoughts in nonclinical samples. A total of 159 Japanese undergraduate students completed the two scales–the Paranoia Checklist and the Thought Control Questionnaire. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis demonstrated that worry-based control strategies were associated with paranoid thoughts, whereas distraction- and social-based control strategies were inversely associated with paranoid thoughts. Our findings suggest that in a nonclinical population, worry-based strategies may be especially maladaptive, whereas distraction- and social-based strategies may be adaptive to paranoid thoughts.
Abstract: In this investigation Salicylic acid, Sulfosalicylic acid
and Acetyl salicylic acid were chosen as a sample for thin layer
chromatography (TLC) on silica gel plates. Bicarbonate buffer at
different pH containing different amounts of boric acid was applied
as mobile phase. Specific interaction of these substances with boric
acid has effect on Rf in thin layer chromatography. Regular and
similar trend was observed in variations of Rf for mentioned
compounds in TLC by altering of percentages of boric acid in mobile
phase in pH range of 8-10. Also effect of organic solvent, mixture of
water/ organic solvent and organic solvent containing boric acid as
mobile phase was studied.
Abstract: In this research paper we have presented control
architecture for robotic arm movement and trajectory planning using
Fuzzy Logic (FL) and Genetic Algorithms (GAs). This architecture is
used to compensate the uncertainties like; movement, friction and
settling time in robotic arm movement. The genetic algorithms and
fuzzy logic is used to meet the objective of optimal control
movement of robotic arm. This proposed technique represents a
general model for redundant structures and may extend to other
structures. Results show optimal angular movement of joints as result
of evolutionary process. This technique has edge over the other
techniques as minimum mathematics complexity used.
Abstract: A scalable QoS aware multicast deployment in
DiffServ networks has become an important research dimension in
recent years. Although multicasting and differentiated services are
two complementary technologies, the integration of the two
technologies is a non-trivial task due to architectural conflicts
between them. A popular solution proposed is to extend the
functionality of the DiffServ components to support multicasting. In
this paper, we propose an algorithm to construct an efficient QoSdriven
multicast tree, taking into account the available bandwidth per
service class. We also present an efficient way to provision the
limited available bandwidth for supporting heterogeneous users. The
proposed mechanism is evaluated using simulated tests. The
simulated result reveals that our algorithm can effectively minimize
the bandwidth use and transmission cost
Abstract: This paper presents a new sensor-based online method for generating collision-free near-optimal paths for mobile robots pursuing a moving target amidst dynamic and static obstacles. At each iteration, first the set of all collision-free directions are calculated using velocity vectors of the robot relative to each obstacle and target, forming the Directive Circle (DC), which is a novel concept. Then, a direction close to the shortest path to the target is selected from feasible directions in DC. The DC prevents the robot from being trapped in deadlocks or local minima. It is assumed that the target's velocity is known, while the speeds of dynamic obstacles, as well as the locations of static obstacles, are to be calculated online. Extensive simulations and experimental results demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed method and its success in coping with complex environments and obstacles.
Abstract: The term hybrid composite refers to the composite
containing more than one type of fiber material as reinforcing fillers.
It has become attractive structural material due to the ability of
providing better combination of properties with respect to single fiber
containing composite. The eco-friendly nature as well as processing
advantage, light weight and low cost have enhanced the attraction
and interest of natural fiber reinforced composite. The objective of
present research is to study the mechanical properties of jute-coir
fiber reinforced hybrid polypropylene (PP) composite according to
filler loading variation. In the present work composites were
manufactured by using hot press machine at four levels of fiber
loading (5, 10, 15 and 20 wt %). Jute and coir fibers were utilized at a
ratio of (1:1) during composite manufacturing. Tensile, flexural,
impact and hardness tests were conducted for mechanical
characterization. Tensile test of composite showed a decreasing trend
of tensile strength and increasing trend of the Young-s modulus with
increasing fiber content. During flexural, impact and hardness tests,
the flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength and hardness
were found to be increased with increasing fiber loading. Based on
the fiber loading used in this study, 20% fiber reinforced composite
resulted the best set of mechanical properties.
Abstract: Goat milk has an hypoallergenic effects, and allergic
diseases related to abnormal of intestinal flora. Probiotic microorganisms
do exert an activity on the immune system in the skin of
the individual.The purpose of this study are to determine the number
of leukocyte and lymphocyte proliferation in rat supplemented with
fermented goat milk (acidophilus milk and kefir) and sensitized with
dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Female Wistar rats 6-8 weeks olds
were divided into 3 treatment groups. The first group supplemented
goat milk kefir, second group acidophilus goat milk, and third group
as control. During 28-day experiment, on day 15 rat sensitized with
allergen DNCB on the dorsal of the body, and on day 24 was
challenged with DNCB on the ear. Sampling of blood and tissue of
intestinal Peyer'patch (PP) were performed on day 14 (before DNCB
sensitized) and on day 28 (after DNCB sensitized). The results
showed the number of neutrophils in rats supplemented with
acidophilus milk was higher (P
Abstract: The spiral angle of the elementary cellulose fibril in
the wood cell wall, often called microfibril angle, (MFA). Microfibril
angle in hardwood is one of the key determinants of solid timber
performance due to its strong influence on the stiffness, strength,
shrinkage, swelling, thermal-dynamics mechanical properties and
dimensional stability of wood. Variation of MFA (degree) in the S2
layer of the cell walls among Acacia mangium trees was determined
using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The length and
orientation of the microfibrils of the cell walls in the irradiated
volume of the thin samples are measured using SAXS and optical
microscope for 3D surface measurement. The undetermined
parameters in the analysis are the MFA, (M) and the standard
deviation (σФ) of the intensity distribution arising from the wandering
of the fibril orientation about the mean value. Nine separate pairs of
values are determined for nine different values of the angle of the
incidence of the X-ray beam relative to the normal to the radial
direction in the sample. The results show good agreement. The
curve distribution of scattered intensity for the real cell wall structure
is compared with that calculated with that assembly of rectangular
cells with the same ratio of transverse to radial cell wall length. It is
demonstrated that for β = 45°, the peaks in the curve intensity
distribution for the real and the rectangular cells coincide. If this
peak position is Ф45, then the MFA can be determined from the
relation M = tan-1 (tan Ф45 / cos 45°), which is precise for rectangular
cells. It was found that 92.93% of the variation of MFA can be
attributed to the distance from pith to bark. Here we shall present our
results of the MFA in the cell wall with respect to its shape, structure
and the distance from pith to park as an important fast check and yet
accurate towards the quality of wood, its uses and application.
Abstract: e-Government structures permits the government to operate in a more transparent and accountable manner of which it increases the power of the individual in relation to that of the government. This paper identifies the factors that determine customer-s attitude towards e-Government services using a theoretical model based on the Technology Acceptance Model. Data relating to the constructs were collected from 200 respondents. The research model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques via the Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS 16) computer software. SEM is a comprehensive approach to testing hypotheses about relations among observed and latent variables. The proposed model fits the data well. The results demonstrated that e- Government services acceptance can be explained in terms of compatibility and attitude towards e-Government services. The setup of the e-Government services will be compatible with the way users work and are more likely to adopt e-Government services owing to their familiarity with the Internet for various official, personal, and recreational uses. In addition, managerial implications for government policy makers, government agencies, and system developers are also discussed.
Abstract: This paper demonstrates the application of craziness based particle swarm optimization (CRPSO) technique for designing the 8th order low pass Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter. CRPSO, the much improved version of PSO, is a population based global heuristic search algorithm which finds near optimal solution in terms of a set of filter coefficients. Effectiveness of this algorithm is justified with a comparative study of some well established algorithms, namely, real coded genetic algorithm (RGA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Simulation results affirm that the proposed algorithm CRPSO, outperforms over its counterparts not only in terms of quality output i.e. sharpness at cut-off, pass band ripple, stop band ripple, and stop band attenuation but also in convergence speed with assured stability.
Abstract: By means of the extended homoclinic test approach (shortly EHTA) with the aid of a symbolic computation system such as Maple, some complexiton type solutions for the (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa equation are presented.
Abstract: The Internet is the global data communications
infrastructure based on the interconnection of both public and private
networks using protocols that implement Internetworking on a global
scale. Hence the control of protocol and infrastructure development,
resource allocation and network operation are crucial and interlinked
aspects. Internet Governance is the hotly debated and contentious
subject that refers to the global control and operation of key Internet
infrastructure such as domain name servers and resources such as
domain names. It is impossible to separate technical and political
positions as they are interlinked. Furthermore the existence of a
global market, transparency and competition impact upon Internet
Governance and related topics such as network neutrality and
security. Current trends and developments regarding Internet
governance with a focus on the policy-making process, security and
control have been observed to evaluate current and future
implications on the Internet. The multi stakeholder approach to
Internet Governance discussed in this paper presents a number of
opportunities, issues and developments that will affect the future
direction of the Internet. Internet operation, maintenance and
advisory organisations such as the Internet Corporation for Assigned
Names and Numbers (ICANN) or the Internet Governance Forum
(IGF) are currently in the process of formulating policies for future
Internet Governance. Given the controversial nature of the issues at
stake and the current lack of agreement it is predicted that
institutional as well as market governance will remain present for the
network access and content.
Abstract: The POD-assisted projective integration method based on the equation-free framework is presented in this paper. The method is essentially based on the slow manifold governing of given system. We have applied two variants which are the “on-line" and “off-line" methods for solving the one-dimensional viscous Bergers- equation. For the on-line method, we have computed the slow manifold by extracting the POD modes and used them on-the-fly along the projective integration process without assuming knowledge of the underlying slow manifold. In contrast, the underlying slow manifold must be computed prior to the projective integration process for the off-line method. The projective step is performed by the forward Euler method. Numerical experiments show that for the case of nonperiodic system, the on-line method is more efficient than the off-line method. Besides, the online approach is more realistic when apply the POD-assisted projective integration method to solve any systems. The critical value of the projective time step which directly limits the efficiency of both methods is also shown.
Abstract: Series of tellurite glass of the system 78TeO2-10PbO-
10Li2O-(2-x)Nd2O3-xEr2O3, where x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 was
successfully been made. A study of upconversion luminescence of
the Nd3+/Er3+ co-doped tellurite glass has been carried out. From
Judd-Ofelt analysis, the experimental lifetime, exp. τ of the glass
serie are found higher in the visible region as they varies from
65.17ms to 114.63ms, whereas in the near infrared region (NIR) the
lifetime are varies from 2.133ms to 2.270ms. Meanwhile, the
emission cross section,σ results are found varies from 0.004 x 1020
cm2 to 1.007 x 1020 cm2 with respect to composition. The emission
spectra of the glass are found been contributed from Nd3+ and Er3+
ions by which nine significant transition peaks are observed. The
upconversion mechanism of the co-doped tellurite glass has been
shown in the schematic energy diagrams. In this works, it is found
that the excited state-absorption (ESA) is still dominant in the
upconversion excitation process as the upconversion excitation
mechanism of the Nd3+ excited-state levels is accomplished through a
stepwise multiphonon process. An efficient excitation energy transfer
(ET) has been observed between Nd3+ as a donor and Er3+ as the
acceptor. As a result, respective emission spectra had been observed.
Abstract: Experimental data are presented to show the influence of different types of chemical demulsifier on the stability and demulsification of emulsions. Three groups of demulsifier with different functional groups were used in this work namely amines, alcohol and polyhydric alcohol. The results obtained in this study have exposed the capability of chemical breaking agents in destabilization of water in crude oil emulsions. From the present study, found that molecular weight of the demulsifier were influent the capability of the emulsion to separate.
Abstract: Waste corn pulp was investigated as a potential feedstock during vermicomposting using Eisenia fetida. Corn pulp is the major staple food in Southern Africa and constitutes about 25% of the total organic waste. Wastecooked corn pulp was blended with cow dung in the ratio 6:1 respectively to optimize the vermicomposting process. The feedstock was allowed to vermicompost for 30 days. The vermicomposting took place in a 3- tray plastic worm bin. Moisture content, temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity were monitoreddaily. The NPK content was determined at day 30. During vermicomposting, moisture content increased from 27.68% to 52.41%, temperature ranged between 19- 25◦C, pH increased from 5.5 to 7.7, and electrical conductivity decreased from 80000μS/cm to 60000μS/cm. The ash content increased from 11.40% to 28.15%; additionally the volatile matter increased from 1.45% to 10.02%. An odorless, dark brown vermicompost was obtained. The vermicompost NPK content was 4.19%, 1.15%, and 6.18% respectively.
Abstract: Many difficulties are faced in the process of learning
computer programming. This paper will propose a system framework
intended to reduce cognitive load in learning programming. In first
section focus is given on the process of learning and the
shortcomings of the current approaches to learning programming.
Finally the proposed prototype is suggested along with the
justification of the prototype. In the proposed prototype the concept
map is used as visualization metaphor. Concept maps are similar to
the mental schema in long term memory and hence it can reduce
cognitive load well. In addition other method such as part code
method is also proposed in this framework to can reduce cognitive
load.