Investigation of the Relationship between Exam Anxiety and Binge Disorders in High School Students in the 15-19 Age Range
Goat milk has an hypoallergenic effects, and allergic
diseases related to abnormal of intestinal flora. Probiotic microorganisms
do exert an activity on the immune system in the skin of
the individual.The purpose of this study are to determine the number
of leukocyte and lymphocyte proliferation in rat supplemented with
fermented goat milk (acidophilus milk and kefir) and sensitized with
dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Female Wistar rats 6-8 weeks olds
were divided into 3 treatment groups. The first group supplemented
goat milk kefir, second group acidophilus goat milk, and third group
as control. During 28-day experiment, on day 15 rat sensitized with
allergen DNCB on the dorsal of the body, and on day 24 was
challenged with DNCB on the ear. Sampling of blood and tissue of
intestinal Peyer'patch (PP) were performed on day 14 (before DNCB
sensitized) and on day 28 (after DNCB sensitized). The results
showed the number of neutrophils in rats supplemented with
acidophilus milk was higher (P<0.05) in after DNCB sensitized than
before, but the lymphocyte count was lower. The number of
monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils before and after DNCB
sensitized have the same average for all treatments of milk fermented
and control. Fermented goat milk (kefir and acidophilus milk) did not
affect on rat PP lymphocyte proliferation culture supernatant,
whereas the rat that had been DNCB sensitized showed higher in
proliferative response to PHA mitogen (P <0.05) than before
sensitized. In conclusion, supplementation of acidophilus goat milk
with a dose of 2.0 ml / head / day on DNCB sensitized rat, can
increase the number of neutrophils that play a role in innate
immunity, however it was not able to increase lymphocyte
proliferation that related to adaptive immunity.
[1] B. Wang, H. Fujisawa, L. Zhuang, I. Freed, B.G. Howell, S. Shahid,
G.M. Shivji, T.W. Mak, and D.N. Sauder, "CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ type 1
cytotoxic T cells both play a crucial role in the full development of
contact hypersensitivity", The Journal of Immunology, 165, pp.6783-
6790, 2000.
[2] E. Marschan, " Immunological effects of probiotic bacteria in prevention
and treatment of allergic diseases in children", Publication of the
National Public Health Institute, Department of Viral Diseases and
Immunology, National Public Health Institute Helsinki, Findland and
Hospital for Children and Adolescents. University of Helsinki, Findland,
2007
[3] T. Kullisaar, E. Songisepp, M. Mikelsaar, K. Zilmer, T. Vihalemm, and
M. Zilmer, "Antioxidative probiotic fermented goat-s milk decreases
oxidative stress-mediated atherogenicity in human subjects", British
Journal of Nutrition, vol. 90, pp. 449-456, 2003.
[4] M. Baur, F. Couzy, and A. Gueniche, "Use of probiotic lactic acid
bacteria for balancing the skin-s immune system", United States Patent,
No.: US 7,547,527 B2, 2009
[5] C.Traidl, F. Judgert, T. Krieg, H. Merk, and N. Hunzelmann. 1999.
Inhibition of allergic contact dermatitis to DNCB but not to oxazolone in
interleukine-4-deficient mice. The journal of Investigative Dermatology,
vol. 112, no.4, pp. 476-482, 1999.
[6] P.G. Reeves, F.H. Neilsen and G.C. Fahey, JR. "AIN-93 Purified Diets
for Laboratory Rodents: FinalReport of the American Institute of
Nutrition Ad Hoc Writing Committee on the Formulation of the AIN-
76A Rodent Diet", J. Nutr., vol.123. pp. 1939-1951, 1993
[7] S. Oties, and O. Cangindi 2003. "Kefir: A probiotic dairy-composition,
nutritional and therapeutic aspects", Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, vol. 2,
no.2. pp. 54-59, 2003
[8] BJB Wood, "Microbiology of Fermented Foods", Elsevier Applied
Science Publishers, 1985, vol 1.
[9] Benjamin, M.M. 1981. Outline of Veterinary Chemical Pathology. 3 rd
Edition. The Iowa State University Press, Iowa. USA.
[10] J. Chen, C-Pei Ng, D.K. Rowlands, P-Hui Xu, J-Y Gao, Y-Wa Chung,
H-C Chan, "Interaction between enteric epithelial cells and Peyer-s
patch lymphocytes in responses to Shigella lipopoysaccharide : Effect on
nitric oxide and IL-6 release", World J Gastroenterol, vol. 12, no.24, pp.
3895-3900, June 2006.
[11] M..A. Wijayanti, "The Role of Macrophages in Immunity against
Malaria Infection: A Study of Phagocytic and Oxygen Radical
Intermediates Secretion Ability on Peritoneal Macrophage by In Vitro
Immunized and Non Immunized Mice". Thesis. Public Health Studies
Program, Department of Health Sciences. Universitas Gadjah Mada,
Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 1996.
[12] F.I. Aboderin, and V.O. Oyetaya. 2006, "Haematological studies of rats
fed different doses of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum, isolated from
fermenting corn slurry", Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, vol. 5, no.2, pp.
102-105.
[13] G.A. Azeredo, T.L.M. Stamford, E.L. de Souza, F.F. Veras, E.R de
Almeida, and J M de Araujo, "In vivo assessment of possible probiotic
properties of Zymomonas mobilis in a Wistar rat model", Electronic
Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 13, no.2, pp. 1-7, 2010.
[14] D.G. Cameron, and G.M. Watson. The blood counts of adult albino rat.
www.bloodjournal.org, 2010.
[15] Anonymous, Neutrophils - Anti-microbial Functions of the neutrophils.
http://blood.ygoy.com/neutrophils-anti-microbial-functions-of-theneutrophils/,
2010
[16] A. Latifynia, M. Vojgani, M.J. Gharagozlou, R. Sharifian, " Neutrophil
function (innate immunity) during ramadan", J Ayub Med Coll
Abbottabad, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 111-115, 2009.
[17] S.K. Ramaiah and H. Jaeschke, " Role of neutrophil in the pathogenesis
of acut inflammatory liver injury", Toxicologic Pathology, vol. 35, pp.
757-766, 2007.
[18] Z. Effendi, "The role of leukocyte as anti-inflammatory in the body",
Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera
Utara, 2003
[19] J.G. Wheeler, S.J. Shema, M.L. Bogle, M.A. Shirrel, A.W. Burks, A.
Pittler and R.M.Helm," Immune and clinical impact of Lactobacillus
acidophilus on asthma", Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology,
vol.79, no. 3, pp. 229-233, 1997.
[20] Anonymous, "Acute inflammation",
http://courses.washington.edu/conj/inflammation/acuteinflam.htm 2 011
[21] B.M.Ogilvie, M.H. Patricia, and M.E. Rose, "Nippostrongylus
brasiliensis: Peripheral blood leucocyte response of rats , with special
reference to basophils", Experimental Parasitology vol. 46, pp. 20-30,
1978
[22] Y. Li, L. Lixin, R. Wadley, S.W. Reddel, J.C. Qi, C. Archis, A. Collins,
E. Clark, M. Cooley, S. Kouts, H.M. Naif, M. Alali, A. Cunningham,
G.W. Wong, R.L. Stevens, and S.A. Krilis, "Mast cells/basophils in
peripheral blood of allergic individuals who are HIV-1 susceptible due
to their surface expression of CD4 and the chemokine receptors CCR3,
CCR5, and CXCR4", Blood, vol. 97, no.11, pp. 3484-3490, 2001.
[23] I. Roitt, J. Brostoff, and D. Male, " Immunology", 3rd ed. Mosby-
Year Book Europe Ltd. London, 1993, pp. 19.1-19.13.
[24] H.S. Gill, K.J. Rutherfurd, J. Prasad, P.K.Gopal, " Enhancement of
natural and acquired immunity by Lactobacillus rhamnosus (HN001),
Lactobacillus acidophilus (HN017) and Bifidobacterium lactis
(HN019)", Br J Nutr. vol. 83, no.2, pp.167-176, 2000
[25] H.V.L.N. Swamy, T.K. Smith, E.J. MacDonald, N.A. Karrow, B.
Woodward, and H.J. Boermans, "Effect of feeding a blend of grains
naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxin on growth and
immunological measurements of starter pigs, and the efficacy of
polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent", J. Anim. Sci, vol . 81.pp.
2792-2803.
[1] B. Wang, H. Fujisawa, L. Zhuang, I. Freed, B.G. Howell, S. Shahid,
G.M. Shivji, T.W. Mak, and D.N. Sauder, "CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ type 1
cytotoxic T cells both play a crucial role in the full development of
contact hypersensitivity", The Journal of Immunology, 165, pp.6783-
6790, 2000.
[2] E. Marschan, " Immunological effects of probiotic bacteria in prevention
and treatment of allergic diseases in children", Publication of the
National Public Health Institute, Department of Viral Diseases and
Immunology, National Public Health Institute Helsinki, Findland and
Hospital for Children and Adolescents. University of Helsinki, Findland,
2007
[3] T. Kullisaar, E. Songisepp, M. Mikelsaar, K. Zilmer, T. Vihalemm, and
M. Zilmer, "Antioxidative probiotic fermented goat-s milk decreases
oxidative stress-mediated atherogenicity in human subjects", British
Journal of Nutrition, vol. 90, pp. 449-456, 2003.
[4] M. Baur, F. Couzy, and A. Gueniche, "Use of probiotic lactic acid
bacteria for balancing the skin-s immune system", United States Patent,
No.: US 7,547,527 B2, 2009
[5] C.Traidl, F. Judgert, T. Krieg, H. Merk, and N. Hunzelmann. 1999.
Inhibition of allergic contact dermatitis to DNCB but not to oxazolone in
interleukine-4-deficient mice. The journal of Investigative Dermatology,
vol. 112, no.4, pp. 476-482, 1999.
[6] P.G. Reeves, F.H. Neilsen and G.C. Fahey, JR. "AIN-93 Purified Diets
for Laboratory Rodents: FinalReport of the American Institute of
Nutrition Ad Hoc Writing Committee on the Formulation of the AIN-
76A Rodent Diet", J. Nutr., vol.123. pp. 1939-1951, 1993
[7] S. Oties, and O. Cangindi 2003. "Kefir: A probiotic dairy-composition,
nutritional and therapeutic aspects", Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, vol. 2,
no.2. pp. 54-59, 2003
[8] BJB Wood, "Microbiology of Fermented Foods", Elsevier Applied
Science Publishers, 1985, vol 1.
[9] Benjamin, M.M. 1981. Outline of Veterinary Chemical Pathology. 3 rd
Edition. The Iowa State University Press, Iowa. USA.
[10] J. Chen, C-Pei Ng, D.K. Rowlands, P-Hui Xu, J-Y Gao, Y-Wa Chung,
H-C Chan, "Interaction between enteric epithelial cells and Peyer-s
patch lymphocytes in responses to Shigella lipopoysaccharide : Effect on
nitric oxide and IL-6 release", World J Gastroenterol, vol. 12, no.24, pp.
3895-3900, June 2006.
[11] M..A. Wijayanti, "The Role of Macrophages in Immunity against
Malaria Infection: A Study of Phagocytic and Oxygen Radical
Intermediates Secretion Ability on Peritoneal Macrophage by In Vitro
Immunized and Non Immunized Mice". Thesis. Public Health Studies
Program, Department of Health Sciences. Universitas Gadjah Mada,
Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 1996.
[12] F.I. Aboderin, and V.O. Oyetaya. 2006, "Haematological studies of rats
fed different doses of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum, isolated from
fermenting corn slurry", Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, vol. 5, no.2, pp.
102-105.
[13] G.A. Azeredo, T.L.M. Stamford, E.L. de Souza, F.F. Veras, E.R de
Almeida, and J M de Araujo, "In vivo assessment of possible probiotic
properties of Zymomonas mobilis in a Wistar rat model", Electronic
Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 13, no.2, pp. 1-7, 2010.
[14] D.G. Cameron, and G.M. Watson. The blood counts of adult albino rat.
www.bloodjournal.org, 2010.
[15] Anonymous, Neutrophils - Anti-microbial Functions of the neutrophils.
http://blood.ygoy.com/neutrophils-anti-microbial-functions-of-theneutrophils/,
2010
[16] A. Latifynia, M. Vojgani, M.J. Gharagozlou, R. Sharifian, " Neutrophil
function (innate immunity) during ramadan", J Ayub Med Coll
Abbottabad, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 111-115, 2009.
[17] S.K. Ramaiah and H. Jaeschke, " Role of neutrophil in the pathogenesis
of acut inflammatory liver injury", Toxicologic Pathology, vol. 35, pp.
757-766, 2007.
[18] Z. Effendi, "The role of leukocyte as anti-inflammatory in the body",
Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera
Utara, 2003
[19] J.G. Wheeler, S.J. Shema, M.L. Bogle, M.A. Shirrel, A.W. Burks, A.
Pittler and R.M.Helm," Immune and clinical impact of Lactobacillus
acidophilus on asthma", Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology,
vol.79, no. 3, pp. 229-233, 1997.
[20] Anonymous, "Acute inflammation",
http://courses.washington.edu/conj/inflammation/acuteinflam.htm 2 011
[21] B.M.Ogilvie, M.H. Patricia, and M.E. Rose, "Nippostrongylus
brasiliensis: Peripheral blood leucocyte response of rats , with special
reference to basophils", Experimental Parasitology vol. 46, pp. 20-30,
1978
[22] Y. Li, L. Lixin, R. Wadley, S.W. Reddel, J.C. Qi, C. Archis, A. Collins,
E. Clark, M. Cooley, S. Kouts, H.M. Naif, M. Alali, A. Cunningham,
G.W. Wong, R.L. Stevens, and S.A. Krilis, "Mast cells/basophils in
peripheral blood of allergic individuals who are HIV-1 susceptible due
to their surface expression of CD4 and the chemokine receptors CCR3,
CCR5, and CXCR4", Blood, vol. 97, no.11, pp. 3484-3490, 2001.
[23] I. Roitt, J. Brostoff, and D. Male, " Immunology", 3rd ed. Mosby-
Year Book Europe Ltd. London, 1993, pp. 19.1-19.13.
[24] H.S. Gill, K.J. Rutherfurd, J. Prasad, P.K.Gopal, " Enhancement of
natural and acquired immunity by Lactobacillus rhamnosus (HN001),
Lactobacillus acidophilus (HN017) and Bifidobacterium lactis
(HN019)", Br J Nutr. vol. 83, no.2, pp.167-176, 2000
[25] H.V.L.N. Swamy, T.K. Smith, E.J. MacDonald, N.A. Karrow, B.
Woodward, and H.J. Boermans, "Effect of feeding a blend of grains
naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxin on growth and
immunological measurements of starter pigs, and the efficacy of
polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent", J. Anim. Sci, vol . 81.pp.
2792-2803.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:49650", author = "Nurliyani and Eni Harmayani and Marsetyawan HNE Soesatyo", title = "Investigation of the Relationship between Exam Anxiety and Binge Disorders in High School Students in the 15-19 Age Range", abstract = "Goat milk has an hypoallergenic effects, and allergic
diseases related to abnormal of intestinal flora. Probiotic microorganisms
do exert an activity on the immune system in the skin of
the individual.The purpose of this study are to determine the number
of leukocyte and lymphocyte proliferation in rat supplemented with
fermented goat milk (acidophilus milk and kefir) and sensitized with
dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Female Wistar rats 6-8 weeks olds
were divided into 3 treatment groups. The first group supplemented
goat milk kefir, second group acidophilus goat milk, and third group
as control. During 28-day experiment, on day 15 rat sensitized with
allergen DNCB on the dorsal of the body, and on day 24 was
challenged with DNCB on the ear. Sampling of blood and tissue of
intestinal Peyer'patch (PP) were performed on day 14 (before DNCB
sensitized) and on day 28 (after DNCB sensitized). The results
showed the number of neutrophils in rats supplemented with
acidophilus milk was higher (P", keywords = "Leukocytes, Lymphocyte proliferation, Kefir,Acidophilus milk, Dinitrochlorobenzene", volume = "5", number = "6", pages = "323-5", }
