Abstract: In this research, effort was made to identify and
evaluate barriers to the development of entrepreneurship among
Iranian entrepreneur women who were graduated from universities.
In this study, perspectives of thirty-seven available entrepreneur
women were examined. In order to prepare questionnaires and
receive knowledge about barriers among these women, seven cases of
entrepreneur women took part in in-depth interviews. Then, to
evaluate the importance of barriers, the researchers made a
questionnaire with closed questions in which the barriers were
classified into the following categories: personal-familial barriers;
socio-cultural barriers; economic-financial-commercial barriers; and
structural barriers. Entrepreneur women were requested to rate the
importance of each item. The results indicated that there were
different obstacles among entrepreneur women. The order of the
important barriers was as fallow: economic-financial-commercial,
structural, socio-cultural, and personal-familial.
Abstract: In this paper, the dynamic analysis of fuel storage
tanks has been studied and some equations are presented for the
created fluid waves due to storage tank motions. Also, the equations
for finite elements of fluid and structure interactions, and boundary
conditions dominant on structure and fluid, were researched. In this
paper, a numerical simulation is performed for the dynamic analysis
of a storage tank contained a fluid. This simulation has carried out by
ANSYS software, using FSI solver (Fluid and Structure Interaction
solver), and by considering the simulated fluid dynamic motions due
to earthquake loading, based on velocities and movements of
structure and fluid according to all boundary conditions dominant on
structure and fluid.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to identify seat belt wearing
factor among road users in Malaysia. Evidence-based approach
through in-depth crash investigation was utilised to determine the
intended objectives. The objective was scoped into crashes
investigated by Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research
(MIROS) involving passenger vehicles within 2007 and 2010. Crash
information of a total of 99 crash cases involving 240 vehicles and
864 occupants were obtained during the study period. Statistical test
and logistic regression analysis have been performed. Results of the
analysis revealed that gender, seat position and age were associated
with seat belt wearing compliance in Malaysia. Males are 97.6%
more likely to wear seat belt compared to females (95% CI 1.317 to
2.964). By seat position, the finding indicates that frontal occupants
were 82 times more likely to be wearing seat belt (95% CI 30.199 to
225.342) as compared to rear occupants. It is also important to note
that the odds of seat belt wearing increased by about 2.64% (95% CI
1.0176 to 1.0353) for every one year increase in age. This study is
essential in understanding the Malaysian tendency in belting up
while being occupied in a vehicle. The factors highlighted in this
study should be emphasized in road safety education in order to
increase seat belt wearing rate in this country and ultimately in
preventing deaths due to road crashes.
Abstract: Tread design has evolved over the years to achieve the common tread pattern used in current vehicles. However, to meet safety and comfort requirements, tread design considers more than one design factor. Tread design must consider the grip and drainage, and the manner in which to reduce rolling noise, which is one of the main factors considered by manufacturers. The main objective of this study was the application the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique to simulate the contact surface of the tire and ground. The results demonstrated an air-Pumping and large pressure drop effect in the process of contact surface. The results also revealed that the pressure can be used to analyze sound pressure level (SPL).
Abstract: Societal security, continuity scenarios and methodological cycling approach explained in this article. Namely societal security organizational challenges ask implementation of international standards BS 25999-2 & global ISO 22300 which is a family of standards for business continuity management system. Efficient global organization system is distinguished of high entity´s complexity, connectivity & interoperability, having not only cooperative relations in a fact. Competing business have numerous participating ´enemies´, which are in apparent or hidden opponent and antagonistic roles with prosperous organization system, resulting to a crisis scene or even to a battle theatre. Organization business continuity scenarios are necessary for such ´a play´ preparedness, planning, management & overmastering in real environments.
Abstract: Data from 1731 Gentile di Puglia lambs, sired by 65 rams over a 5-year period were analyzed by a mixed model to estimate the variance components for heritability. The considered growth traits were: birth weight (BW), weight at 30 days of age (W30) and average daily gain from birth to 30 days of age (DG). Year of birth, sex of lamb, type of birth (single or twin), dam age at lambing and farm were significant sources of variation for all the considered growth traits. The average lamb weights were 3.85±0.16 kg at birth, 9.57±0.91 kg at 30 days of age and the average daily gain was 191±14 g. Estimates of heritability were 0.33±0.05, 0.41±0.06 and 0.16±0.05 respectively for the same traits. These values suggest there is a good opportunity to improve Gentile di Puglia lambs by selecting animals for growth traits.
Abstract: Irradiation is considered one of the most efficient technological processes for the reduction of microorganisms in food. It can be used to improve the safety of food products, and to extend their shelf lives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of gamma irradiation for improvement of saffron shelf life. Samples were treated with 0 (none irradiated), 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 kGy of gamma irradiation and held for 2 months. The control and irradiated samples were underwent microbial analysis, chemical characteristics and sensory evaluation at 30 days intervals. Microbial analysis indicated that irradiation had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the reduction of microbial loads. There was no significant difference in sensory quality and chemical characteristics during storage in saffron.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a novel time-frequency distribution (TFD) for the analysis of multi-component signals. In particular, we use synthetic as well as real-life speech signals to prove the superiority of the proposed TFD in comparison to some existing ones. In the comparison, we consider the cross-terms suppression and the high energy concentration of the signal around its instantaneous frequency (IF).
Abstract: Lipases are enzymes particularly amenable for
immobilization by entrapment methods, as they can work equally
well in aqueous or non-conventional media and long-time stability of
enzyme activity and enantioselectivity is needed to elaborate more
efficient bioprocesses. The improvement of Pseudomonas
fluorescens (Amano AK) lipase characteristics was investigated by
optimizing the immobilization procedure in hybrid organic-inorganic
matrices using ionic liquids as additives. Ionic liquids containing a
more hydrophobic alkyl group in the cationic moiety are beneficial
for the activity of immobilized lipase. Silanes with alkyl- or aryl
nonhydrolizable groups used as precursors in combination with
tetramethoxysilane could generate composites with higher
enantioselectivity compared to the native enzyme in acylation
reactions of secondary alcohols. The optimal effect on both activity
and enantioselectivity was achieved for the composite made from
octyltrimethoxysilane and tetramethoxysilane at 1:1 molar ratio (60%
increase of total activity following immobilization and enantiomeric
ratio of 30). Ionic liquids also demonstrated valuable properties as
reaction media for the studied reactions, comparable with the usual
organic solvent, hexane.
Abstract: The present paper considers the steady free convection
boundary layer flow of a viscoelastic fluid on solid sphere with
Newtonian heating. The boundary layer equations are an order higher
than those for the Newtonian (viscous) fluid and the adherence
boundary conditions are insufficient to determine the solution of
these equations completely. Thus, the augmentation an extra
boundary condition is needed to perform the numerical
computational. The governing boundary layer equations are first
transformed into non-dimensional form by using special
dimensionless group and then solved by using an implicit finite
difference scheme. The results are displayed graphically to illustrate
the influence of viscoelastic K and Prandtl Number Pr parameters on
skin friction, heat transfer, velocity profiles and temperature profiles.
Present results are compared with the published papers and are found
to concur very well.
Abstract: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the standard routing protocol between various autonomous systems (AS) in the internet. In the event of failure, a considerable delay in the BGP convergence has been shown by empirical measurements. During the convergence time the BGP will repeatedly advertise new routes to some destination and withdraw old ones until it reach a stable state. It has been found that the KEEPALIVE message timer and the HOLD time are tow parameters affecting the convergence speed. This paper aims to find the optimum value for the KEEPALIVE timer and the HOLD time that maximally reduces the convergence time without increasing the traffic. The KEEPALIVE message timer optimal value founded by this paper is 30 second instead of 60 seconds, and the optimal value for the HOLD time is 90 seconds instead of 180 seconds.
Abstract: This paper presents modeling and optimization of two NP-hard problems in flexible manufacturing system (FMS), part type selection problem and loading problem. Due to the complexity and extent of the problems, the paper was split into two parts. The first part of the papers has discussed the modeling of the problems and showed how the real coded genetic algorithms (RCGA) can be applied to solve the problems. This second part discusses the effectiveness of the RCGA which uses an array of real numbers as chromosome representation. The novel proposed chromosome representation produces only feasible solutions which minimize a computational time needed by GA to push its population toward feasible search space or repair infeasible chromosomes. The proposed RCGA improves the FMS performance by considering two objectives, maximizing system throughput and maintaining the balance of the system (minimizing system unbalance). The resulted objective values are compared to the optimum values produced by branch-and-bound method. The experiments show that the proposed RCGA could reach near optimum solutions in a reasonable amount of time.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tissue
composition and carcass muscularity of 32 legs of Ile de France
lambs fed with diets containing sunflower seeds and vitamin E, with
mean body weight of 15 kg, lodged in individual pens at 15 kg and
slaughtered at 32 kg of body weight. The treatments influenced
(P0,05) by the treatments. The
interaction of the sunflower and vitamin E was positive for bone total
weights and intermuscular fat.
Abstract: Undular hydraulic jumps are illustrated by a smooth
rise of the free surface followed by a train of stationary waves. They
are sometimes experienced in natural waterways and rivers. The
characteristics of undular hydraulic jumps are studied here. The
height, amplitude and the main characteristics of undular jump is
depended on the upstream Froude number and aspect ratio. The
experiments were done on the smooth bed flume. These results
compared with other researches and the main characteristics of the
undular hydraulic jump were studied in this article.
Abstract: Evaluation and survey of curriculum quality as one of the most important components of universities system is necessary for different levels in higher education. The main purpose of this study was to survey of the curriculum quality of Actuarial science field. Case: University of SHahid Beheshti and Higher education institute of Eco insurance (according to viewpoint of students, alumni, employers and faculty members). Descriptive statistics (mean, tables, percentage, and frequency distribution) and inferential statistics (CHI SQUARE) were used to analyze the data. Six criteria considered for the Quality of curriculum: objectives, content, teaching and learning methods, space and facilities, Time, assessment of learning. Content, teaching and learning methods, space and facilities, assessment of learning criteria were relatively desirable level, objectives and time criterions were desirable level. The quality of curriculum of Actuarial Science field was relatively desirable level.
Abstract: In July 2012, an indoor/outdoor monitoring
programme was undertaken in two university sports facilities: a
fronton and a gymnasium. Comfort parameters (temperature, relative
humidity, CO and CO2) and total volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) were continuously monitored. Concentrations of NO2,
carbonyl compounds and individual VOCs were obtained. Low
volume samplers were used to collect particulate matter (PM10). The
minimum ventilation rates stipulated for acceptable indoor air quality
were observed in both sports facilities. It was found that cleaning
activities may have a large influence on the VOC levels. Acrolein
was one of the most abundant carbonyl compounds, showing
concentrations above the recommended limit. Formaldehyde was
detected at levels lower than those commonly reported for other
indoor environments. The PM10 concentrations obtained during the
occupancy periods ranged between 38 and 43μgm-3 in the fronton and
from 154 to 198μgm-3 in the gymnasium.
Abstract: Many computational techniques were applied to
solution of heat conduction problem. Those techniques were the
finite difference (FD), finite element (FE) and recently meshless
methods. FE is commonly used in solution of equation of heat
conduction problem based on the summation of stiffness matrix of
elements and the solution of the final system of equations. Because
of summation process of finite element, convergence rate was
decreased. Hence in the present paper Cellular Automata (CA)
approach is presented for the solution of heat conduction problem.
Each cell considered as a fixed point in a regular grid lead to the
solution of a system of equations is substituted by discrete systems of
equations with small dimensions. Results show that CA can be used
for solution of heat conduction problem.
Abstract: Arc welding creates a weld pool to realize continuity between pieces of assembly. The thermal history of the weld is dependent on heat transfer and fluid flow in the weld pool. The metallurgical transformation during welding and cooling are modeled in the literature only at solid state neglecting the fluid flow. In the present paper we associate a heat transfer – fluid flow and metallurgical model for the 16MnD5 steel. The metallurgical transformation model is based on Leblond model for the diffusion kinetics and on the Koistinen-Marburger equation for Marteniste transformation. The predicted thermal history and metallurgical transformations are compared to a simulation without fluid phase. This comparison shows the great importance of the fluid flow modeling.
Abstract: The paper presents a technique suitable in robot
vision applications where it is not possible to establish the object position from one view. Usually, one view pose calculation methods
are based on the correspondence of image features established at a
training step and exactly the same image features extracted at the
execution step, for a different object pose. When such a
correspondence is not feasible because of the lack of specific features
a new method is proposed. In the first step the method computes
from two views the 3D pose of feature points. Subsequently, using a
registration algorithm, the set of 3D feature points extracted at the execution phase is aligned with the set of 3D feature points extracted
at the training phase. The result is a Euclidean transform which have
to be used by robot head for reorientation at execution step.
Abstract: In this work, the plate bending formulation of the boundary element method - BEM, based on the Reissner?s hypothesis, is extended to the analysis of plates reinforced by beams taking into account the membrane effects. The formulation is derived by assuming a zoned body where each sub-region defines a beam or a slab and all of them are represented by a chosen reference surface. Equilibrium and compatibility conditions are automatically imposed by the integral equations, which treat this composed structure as a single body. In order to reduce the number of degrees of freedom, the problem values defined on the interfaces are written in terms of their values on the beam axis. Initially are derived separated equations for the bending and stretching problems, but in the final system of equations the two problems are coupled and can not be treated separately. Finally are presented some numerical examples whose analytical results are known to show the accuracy of the proposed model.