Abstract: The Automobile Braking System has a crucial role for safety of the passenger and riding quality of the vehicle. The braking force mainly depends on normal reaction on the wheel and the co-efficient of friction between the tire and the road surface. Whenever a vehicle is loaded, the normal reaction on the rear wheel is increased. Thus the amount of braking force required to halt the vehicle with minimum stopping distance, is based on the pillion load on the vehicle. In this work, in order to vary the braking force in two wheelers, the mechanical leverage which operates the master cylinder is varied based on the pillion load. Thus the amount of braking force developed between ground and tire is varied. This optimum braking force on the disc brake helps in attaining the minimum vehicle stopping distance. In addition to that, it also helps in preventing sliding. Thus the system results in reducing the stopping distance of the two wheelers and providing a better braking efficiency than the conventional braking system.
Abstract: this paper presents an auto-regressive network called the Auto-Regressive Multi-Context Recurrent Neural Network (ARMCRN), which forecasts the daily peak load for two large power plant systems. The auto-regressive network is a combination of both recurrent and non-recurrent networks. Weather component variables are the key elements in forecasting because any change in these variables affects the demand of energy load. So the AR-MCRN is used to learn the relationship between past, previous, and future exogenous and endogenous variables. Experimental results show that using the change in weather components and the change that occurred in past load as inputs to the AR-MCRN, rather than the basic weather parameters and past load itself as inputs to the same network, produce higher accuracy of predicted load. Experimental results also show that using exogenous and endogenous variables as inputs is better than using only the exogenous variables as inputs to the network.
Abstract: This paper presents the IP traffic analysis. The traffic
was collected from the network of Suranaree University of
Technology using the software based on the Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP). In particular, we analyze the
distribution of the aggregated traffic during the hours of peak load
and light load. The traffic profiles including the parameters described
the traffic distributions were derived. From the statistical analysis
applying three different methods, including the Kolmogorov Smirnov
test, Anderson Darling test, and Chi-Squared test, we found that the
IP traffic distribution is a non-normal distribution and the
distributions during the peak load and the light load are different. The
experimental study and analysis show high uncertainty of the IP
traffic.
Abstract: One of the most important power quality issues is voltage flicker. Nowadays this issue also impacts the power system all over the world. The fact of the matter is that the more and the larger capacity of wind generator has been installed. Under unstable wind power situation, the variation of output current and voltage have caused trouble to voltage flicker. Hence, the major purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of wind generator on voltage flicker of power system. First of all, digital simulation and analysis are carried out based on wind generator operating under various system short circuit capacity, impedance angle, loading, and power factor of load. The simulation results have been confirmed by field measurements.
Abstract: In this paper, SFQ (Start Time Fair Queuing)
algorithm is analyzed when this is applied in computer networks to
know what kind of behavior the traffic in the net has when different
data sources are managed by the scheduler. Using the NS2 software
the computer networks were simulated to be able to get the graphs
showing the performance of the scheduler. Different traffic sources
were introduced in the scripts, trying to establish the real scenario.
Finally the results were that depending on the data source, the traffic
can be affected in different levels, when Constant Bite Rate is
applied, the scheduler ensures a constant level of data sent and
received, but the truth is that in the real life it is impossible to ensure
a level that resists the changes in work load.
Abstract: Mobile agents are a powerful approach to develop distributed systems since they migrate to hosts on which they have the resources to execute individual tasks. In a dynamic environment like a peer-to-peer network, Agents have to be generated frequently and dispatched to the network. Thus they will certainly consume a certain amount of bandwidth of each link in the network if there are too many agents migration through one or several links at the same time, they will introduce too much transferring overhead to the links eventually, these links will be busy and indirectly block the network traffic, therefore, there is a need of developing routing algorithms that consider about traffic load. In this paper we seek to create cooperation between a probabilistic manner according to the quality measure of the network traffic situation and the agent's migration decision making to the next hop based on decision tree learning algorithms.
Abstract: In This paper, the behavior of eccentric braced frame
(EBF) is studied with replacing friction damper (FD) in confluence of these braces, in 5 and 10-storey steel frames. For FD system, the main step is to determine the slip load. For this reason, the performance indexes include roof displacement, base shear, dissipated energy and relative performance should be investigated. In
nonlinear dynamic analysis, the response of structure to three
earthquake records has been obtained and the values of roof
displacement, base shear and column axial force for FD and EBF
frames have been compared. The results demonstrate that use of the FD in frames, in comparison with the EBF, substantially reduces the roof displacement, column axial force and base shear. The obtained results show suitable performance of FD in higher storey structure in
comparison with the EBF.
Abstract: An experimental study of Reinforced Concrete, RC, columns strengthened using a steel jacketing technique was conducted. The jacketing technique consisted of four steel vertical angles installed at the corners of the column joined by horizontal steel straps confining the column externally. The effectiveness of the technique was evaluated by testing the RC column specimens under eccentric monotonic loading until failure occurred. Strain gauges were installed to monitor the strains in the internal reinforcement as well as the external jacketing system. The effectiveness of the jacketing technique was demonstrated, and the parameters affecting the technique were studied.
Abstract: This paper describes the development, modeling, and
testing of skyhook and MiniMax control strategies of semi-active
suspension. The control performances are investigated using
Matlab/Simulink [1], with a two-degree-of-freedom quarter car semiactive
suspension system model. The comparison and evaluation of
control result are made using software-in-the-loop simulation (SILS)
method. This paper also outlines the development of a hardware-inthe-
loop simulation (HILS) system. The simulation results show that
skyhook strategy can significantly reduce the resonant peak of body
and provide improvement in vehicle ride comfort. Otherwise,
MiniMax strategy can be employed to effectively improve drive
safety of vehicle by influencing wheel load. The two strategies can
be switched to control semi-active suspension system to fulfill
different requirement of vehicle in different stages.
Abstract: Air conditioning is mainly to be used as human
comfort medium. It has been use more often in country in which the
daily temperatures are high. In scientific, air conditioning is defined
as a process of controlling the moisture, cooling, heating and cleaning
air. Without proper estimation of cooling load, big amount of waste
energy been used because of unsuitable of air conditioning system are
not considering to overcoming heat gains from surrounding. This is
due to the size of the room is too big and the air conditioning has to
use more energy to cool the room and the air conditioning is too
small for the room. The studies are basically to develop a program to
calculate cooling load. Through this study it is easy to calculate
cooling load estimation. Furthermore it-s help to compare the cooling
load estimation by hourly and yearly. Base on the last study that been
done, the developed software are not user-friendly. For individual
without proper knowledge of calculating cooling load estimation
might be problem. Easy excess and user-friendly should be the main
objective to design something. This program will allow cooling load
able be estimate by any users rather than estimation by using rule of
thumb. Several of limitation of case study is judged to sure it-s
meeting to Malaysia building specification. Finally validation is done
by comparison manual calculation and by developed program.
Abstract: In this study, a vibration analysis was carried out of
symmetric angle-ply laminated composite plates with and without
square hole when subjected to compressive loads, numerically. A
buckling analysis is also performed to determine the buckling load of
laminated plates. For each fibre orientation, the compression load is
taken equal to 50% of the corresponding buckling load. In the
analysis, finite element method (FEM) was applied to perform
parametric studies, the effects of degree of orthotropy and stacking
sequence upon the fundamental frequencies and buckling loads are
discussed. The results show that the presence of a constant
compressive load tends to reduce uniformly the natural frequencies
for materials which have a low degree of orthotropy. However, this
reduction becomes non-uniform for materials with a higher degree of
orthotropy.
Abstract: This paper presents an analytical model to estimate
the cost of an optimized design of reinforced concrete isolated
footing base on structural safety. Flexural and optimized formulas for
square and rectangular footingare derived base on ACI building code
of design, material cost and optimization. The optimization
constraints consist of upper and lower limits of depth and area of
steel. Footing depth and area of reinforcing steel are to be minimized
to yield the optimal footing dimensions. Optimized footing materials
cost of concrete, reinforcing steel and formwork of the designed
sections are computed. Total cost factor TCF and other cost factors
are developed to generalize and simplify the calculations of footing
material cost. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the
model capability of estimating the material cost of the footing for a
desired axial load.
Abstract: This paper presents an analytical method to solve
governing consolidation parabolic partial differential equation (PDE)
for inelastic porous Medium (soil) with consideration of variation of
equation coefficient under cyclic loading. Since under cyclic loads,
soil skeleton parameters change, this would introduce variable
coefficient of parabolic PDE. Classical theory would not rationalize
consolidation phenomenon in such condition. In this research, a
method based on time space mapping to a virtual time space along
with superimposing rule is employed to solve consolidation of
inelastic soils in cyclic condition. Changes of consolidation
coefficient applied in solution by modification of loading and
unloading duration by introducing virtual time. Mapping function is
calculated based on consolidation partial differential equation results.
Based on superimposing rule a set of continuous static loads in
specified times used instead of cyclic load. A set of laboratory
consolidation tests under cyclic load along with numerical
calculations were performed in order to verify the presented method.
Numerical solution and laboratory tests results showed accuracy of
presented method.
Abstract: Learning programming is difficult for many learners. Some researches have found that the main difficulty relates to cognitive load. Cognitive overload happens in programming due to the nature of the subject which is intrinisicly over-bearing on the working memory. It happens due to the complexity of the subject itself. The problem is made worse by the poor instructional design methodology used in the teaching and learning process. Various efforts have been proposed to reduce the cognitive load, e.g. visualization softwares, part-program method etc. Use of many computer based systems have also been tried to tackle the problem. However, little success has been made to alleviate the problem. More has to be done to overcome this hurdle. This research attempts at understanding how cognitive load can be managed so as to reduce the problem of overloading. We propose a mechanism to measure the cognitive load during pre instruction, post instruction and in instructional stages of learning. This mechanism is used to help the instruction. As the load changes the instruction is made to adapt itself to ensure cognitive viability. This mechanism could be incorporated as a sub domain in the student model of various computer based instructional systems to facilitate the learning of programming.
Abstract: Cylindrical concrete reservoirs are appropriate choice
for storing liquids as water, oil and etc. By using of the pre-cast
concrete reservoirs instead of the in-situ constructed reservoirs, the
speed and precision of the construction would considerably increase.
In this construction method, wall and roof panels would make in
factory with high quality materials and precise controlling. Then,
pre-cast wall and roof panels would carry out to the construction site
for assembling. This method has a few faults such as: the existing
weeks in connection of wall panels together and wall panels to
foundation. Therefore, these have to be resisted under applied loads
such as seismic load. One of the innovative methods which was
successfully applied for seismic retrofitting of numerous pre-cast
cylindrical water reservoirs in New Zealand, using of the high tensile
cables around the reservoirs and post-tensioning them. In this paper,
analytical modeling of wall and roof panels and post-tensioned
cables are carried out with finite element method and the effect of
height to diameter ratio, post-tensioning force value, liquid level in
reservoir, installing position of tendons on seismic response of
reservoirs are investigated.
Abstract: Identifying protein coding regions in DNA sequences is a basic step in the location of genes. Several approaches based on signal processing tools have been applied to solve this problem, trying to achieve more accurate predictions. This paper presents a new predictor that improves the efficacy of three techniques that use the Fourier Transform to predict coding regions, and that could be computed using an algorithm that reduces the computation load. Some ideas about the combination of the predictor with other methods are discussed. ROC curves are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed predictor, based on the computation of 25 DNA sequences from three different organisms.
Abstract: In this paper a special kind of buffer management policy is studied where the packet are preempted even when sufficient space is available in the buffer for incoming packets. This is done to congestion for future incoming packets to improve QoS for certain type of packets. This type of study has been done in past for ATM type of scenario. We extend the same for heterogeneous traffic where data rate and size of the packets are very versatile in nature. Typical example of this scenario is the buffer management in Differentiated Service Router. There are two aspects that are of interest. First is the packet size: whether all packets have same or different sizes. Second aspect is the value or space priority of the packets, do all packets have the same space priority or different packets have different space priorities. We present two types of policies to achieve QoS goals for packets with different priorities: the push out scheme and the expelling scheme. For this work the scenario of packets of variable length is considered with two space priorities and main goal is to minimize the total weighted packet loss. Simulation and analytical studies show that, expelling policies can outperform the push out policies when it comes to offering variable QoS for packets of two different priorities and expelling policies also help improve the amount of admissible load. Some other comparisons of push out and expelling policies are also presented using simulations.
Abstract: Shear walls are used in most of the tall buildings for
carrying the lateral load. When openings for doors or windows are
necessary to be existed in the shear walls, a special type of the shear
walls is used called "coupled shear walls" which in some cases is
stiffened by specific beams and so, called "stiffened coupled shear
walls".
In this paper, a mathematical method for geometrically nonlinear
analysis of the stiffened coupled shear walls has been presented.
Then, a suitable formulation for determining the critical load of the
stiffened coupled shear walls under gravity force has been proposed.
The governing differential equations for equilibrium and deformation
of the stiffened coupled shear walls have been obtained by setting up
the equilibrium equations and the moment-curvature relationships for
each wall. Because of the complexity of the differential equation, the
energy method has been adopted for approximate solution of the
equations.
Abstract: Many studies have emphasized the importance of
resistive exercise to maintain a healthy human body, particular in
prevention of weakening of physical strength. Recently, some studies
advocated that an application of vibration as a supplementary means in
a regular training was effective in encouraging physical strength. Aim
of the current study was, therefore, to identify if an application of
vibration in a resistive exercise was effective in encouraging physical
strength as that in a regular training. A 3-dimensional virtual lower
extremity model for a healthy male and virtual leg-press model were
generated and synchronized. Dynamic leg-press exercises on a slide
machine with/without extra load and on a footboard with vibration as
well as on a slide machine with extra load were analyzed. The results
of the current indicated that the application of the vibration on the
dynamic leg-press exercise might be not greatly effective in
encouraging physical strength, compared with the dynamic leg press
exercise with extra load. It was, however, thought that the application
of the vibration might be helpful to elderly individuals because the
reduced maximum muscle strength appeared by the effect of the
vibration may avoid a muscular spasm, which can be driven from a
high muscle strength sometimes produced during the leg-press
exercise with extra load.
Abstract: Active power filter continues to be a powerful tool to control harmonics in power systems thereby enhancing the power quality. This paper presents a fuzzy tuned PID controller based shunt active filter to diminish the harmonics caused by non linear loads like thyristor bridge rectifiers and imbalanced loads. Here Fuzzy controller provides the tuning of PID, based on firing of thyristor bridge rectifiers and variations in input rms current. The shunt APF system is implemented with three phase current controlled Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and is connected at the point of common coupling for compensating the current harmonics by injecting equal but opposite filter currents. These controllers are capable of controlling dc-side capacitor voltage and estimating reference currents. Hysteresis Current Controller (HCC) is used to generate switching signals for the voltage source inverter. Simulation studies are carried out with non linear loads like thyristor bridge rectifier along with unbalanced loads and the results proved that the APF along with fuzzy tuned PID controller work flawlessly for different firing angles of non linear load.