Abstract: Forging parts is used to automobiles; because, they have high strength and it is possible to press them into complicated shape. When itis possible to manufacture hollow forging parts, it leads to reduce weightof the automobiles. But, hollow forging parts are confined to axisymmetrical shape. Hollowforging parts that were pressed to complicated shape are expected. Therefore, we forge a blank that aluminum alloy was inserted in stainless steel. After that, we can providecomplex forging parts that are reduced weight,ifit is possible to be melted the aluminum alloy away by using different of melting points.It is necessary to establish heat forging analysis methodon blank consist of stainless steel and aluminum alloy. Because,this forging is different from conventional forging and this technology is not confirmed. In this study, we compared forging experiment with numerical analysis on the view point of forming load and shape after forming and establish how to set the material temperaturesof two metals and material property of stainless steel on the analysis method. Consequently, temperature difference of stainless steel and aluminum alloy was obtained by experiment. We got material property of stainless steel on forging experimental by compression tests. We had compared numerical analysis that was used the temperature difference of two metals and the material property of stainless steel on forging experimental with forging experiment. Forging analysis method on blankconsist of two metals was established by result of numerical analysis having agreedwith result of forging experiment.
Abstract: The importance of using mother tongue and
translation in foreign language classrooms cannot be ignored and
translation can be utilized as a method in English Language Teaching
courses. There exist researches advocating or objecting to the use of
translation in foreign language learning but they all have a point in
common: Translation should be used as an aid to teaching, not an end
in itself. In this research, prospective English language teachers’
opinions about translation use and use of mother tongue in foreign
language teaching are investigated and according to the findings,
some explanations and recommendations are made.
Abstract: Guided by the theory of learning styles, this study is
based on the development of a multimedia learning application for
students with mastery learning style. The learning material was
developed by applying a graduated difficulty learning strategy.
Algebra was chosen as the learning topic for this application. The
effectiveness of this application in helping students learn is measured
by giving a pre- and post-test. The result shows that students who
learn using the learning material that matches their preferred learning
style perform better than the students with a non-personalized
learning material.
Abstract: The reliability of the filtered HVBK model is now
investigated via some large eddy simulations (LES) of freely
decaying isotropic superfluid turbulence. For homogeneous
turbulence at very high Reynolds numbers, comparison of the terms
in the spectral kinetic energy budget equation indicates, in the
energy-containing range, that the production and energy transfer
effects become significant except for dissipation. In the inertial range,
where the two fluids are perfectly locked, the mutual friction maybe
neglected with respect to other terms. Also, the LES results for the
other terms of the energy balance are presented.
Abstract: In sheet metal forming process, raw material
mechanical properties are important parameters. This paper is to
compare the wall’s incline angle or formability of SS 400 steel and
SUS 304 stainless steel in single point incremental forming. The two
materials are ferrous base alloyed, which have the different unit cell,
mechanical property and chemical composition. They were forming
into cone shape specimens having 100 mm diameter with different
wall’s incline angle: 90o, 75o and 60o. The investigation was
continued until the specimens formed surface facture. The
experimental result showed that the smaller the wall incline angle
higher the formability with the both materials. The formability limit
of the ferrous base alloy was approx. 60o wall’s incline angle. By
nature, SS 400 has higher formability than SUS 304. This result can
be used as the initial data in designing the single point incremental
forming parts.
Abstract: Violet Sr–Al–O:Eu2+ phosphor particles were
synthesized from a metal–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
solution of Sr, Al, Eu, and particulate alumina via spray drying and
sintering in a reducing atmosphere. The crystal structures and emission
properties at 85–300 K were investigated. The composition of the
violet Sr–Al–O:Eu2+ phosphor particles was determined from various
Sr–Al–O:Eu2+ phosphors by their emission properties’ dependence
on temperature. The highly crystalline SrAl12O19:Eu2+ emission phases
were confirmed by their crystallite sizes and the activation energies for
the 4f5d–8S7/2 transition of the Eu2+ ion. These results showed that the
material identification for the violet Sr–Al–O:Eu2+ phosphor was
accomplished by the low-temperature luminescence measurements.
Abstract: In this paper the CVA computation of interest rate
swap is presented based on its rating. Rating and probability default
given by Moody’s Investors Service are used to calculate our CVA
for a specific swap with different maturities. With this computation
the influence of rating variation can be shown on CVA. Application
is made to the analysis of Greek CDS variation during the period of
Greek crisis between 2008 and 2011. The main point is the
determination of correlation between the fluctuation of Greek CDS
cumulative value and the variation of swap CVA due to change of
rating.
Abstract: There are a variety of reference current identification
methods, for the shunt active power filter (SAPF), such as the
instantaneous active and reactive power, the instantaneous active and
reactive current and the synchronous detection method are evaluated
and compared under ideal, non sinusoidal and unbalanced voltage
conditions. The SAPF performances, for the investigated
identification methods, are tested for a non linear load. The
simulation results, using Matlab Power System Blockset Toolbox
from a complete structure, are presented and discussed.
Abstract: The purpose of this work is examining the multiproduct
multi-stage in a battery production line. To improve the
performances of an assembly production line by determine the
efficiency of each workstation. Data collected from every
workstation. The data are throughput rate, number of operator, and
number of parts that arrive and leaves during part processing. Data
for the number of parts that arrives and leaves are collected at least at
the amount of ten samples to make the data is possible to be analyzed
by Chi-Squared Goodness Test and queuing theory. Measures of this
model served as the comparison with the standard data available in
the company. Validation of the task time value resulted by comparing
it with the task time value based on the company database. Some
performance factors for the multi-product multi-stage in a battery
production line in this work are shown.
The efficiency in each workstation was also shown. Total
production time to produce each part can be determined by adding
the total task time in each workstation. To reduce the queuing time
and increase the efficiency based on the analysis any probably
improvement should be done. One probably action is by increasing
the number of operators how manually operate this workstation.
Abstract: Many problems in science and engineering field require
the solution of shifted linear systems with multiple right hand
sides and multiple shifts. To solve such systems efficiently, the
implicitly restarted global GMRES algorithm is extended in this
paper. However, the shift invariant property could no longer hold over
the augmented global Krylov subspace due to adding the harmonic
Ritz matrices. To remedy this situation, we enforce the collinearity
condition on the shifted system and propose shift implicitly restarted
global GMRES. The new method not only improves the convergence
but also has a potential to simultaneously compute approximate
solution for the shifted systems using only as many matrix vector
multiplications as the solution of the seed system requires. In
addition, some numerical experiments also confirm the effectiveness
of our method.
Abstract: This research work is concerned with the life cycle
assessment (LCA) of an expressway, as well as its infrastructure, in
Thailand. The life cycle of an expressway encompasses the raw
material acquisition phase, the construction phase, the use or service
phase, the rehabilitation phase, and finally the demolition and
disposal phase. The LCA in this research was carried out using CML
baseline 2000 and in accordance with the ISO 14040 standard. A
functional unit refers to transportation of one person over one
kilometer of a 3-lane expressway with a 50-year lifetime. This
research has revealed that the construction phase produced the largest
proportion of the environmental impact (81.46%), followed by the
service, rehabilitation, demolition and disposal phases and
transportation at 11.97%, 3.72% 0.33% and 2.52%, respectively. For
the expressway under study, the total carbon footprint over its
lifetime is equivalent to 245,639 tons CO2-eq per 1 kilometer
functional unit, with the phases of construction, service,
rehabilitation, demolition and disposal and transportation
contributing 153,690; 73,773; 3693, 755 and 13,728 tons CO2-eq,
respectively. The findings could be adopted as a benchmark against
which the environmental impacts of future similar projects can be
measured.
Abstract: Due to the determination of the pollution status of
fresh resources in the Egyptian territorial waters is very important for
public health; this study was carried out to reveal the levels of heavy
metals in the shellfish and their environment and its relation to the
highly developed industrial activities in those areas. A total of 100
shellfish samples from the Rosetta, Edku, El-Maadiya, Abo-Kir and
El-Max coasts [10 crustaceans (shrimp) and 10 mollusks (oysters)]
were randomly collected from each coast. Additionally, 10 samples
from both the water and the sediment were collected from each coast.
Each collected sample was analyzed for cadmium, chromium,
copper, lead and zinc residues using a Perkin Elmer atomic
absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the
levels of heavy metals were higher in the water and sediment from
Abo-Kir. The heavy metal levels decreased successively for the
Rosetta, Edku, El-Maadiya, and El-Max coasts, and the
concentrations of heavy metals, except copper and zinc, in shellfish
exhibited the same pattern. For the concentration of heavy metals in
shellfish tissue, the highest was zinc and the concentrations decreased
successively for copper, lead, chromium and cadmium for all coasts,
except the Abo-Kir coast, where the chromium level was highest and
the other metals decreased successively for zinc, copper, lead and
cadmium. In Rosetta, chromium was higher only in the mollusks,
while the level of this metal was lower in the crustaceans; this trend
was observed at the Edku, El-Maadiya and El-Max coasts as well.
Herein, we discuss the importance of such contamination for public
health and the sources of shellfish contamination with heavy metals.
We suggest measures to minimize and prevent these pollutants in the
aquatic environment and, furthermore, how to protect humans from
excessive intake.
Abstract: In this work, a Multi-Level Artificial Bee Colony
(called MLABC) for optimizing numerical test functions is presented.
In MLABC, two species are used. The first species employs n
colonies where each of them optimizes the complete solution vector.
The cooperation between these colonies is carried out by exchanging
information through a leader colony, which contains a set of elite
bees. The second species uses a cooperative approach in which the
complete solution vector is divided to k sub-vectors, and each of
these sub-vectors is optimized by a colony. The cooperation between
these colonies is carried out by compiling sub-vectors into the
complete solution vector. Finally, the cooperation between two
species is obtained by exchanging information. The proposed
algorithm is tested on a set of well-known test functions. The results
show that MLABC algorithm provides efficiency and robustness to
solve numerical functions.
Abstract: The use of mobile phones is growing tremendously all
over the world. In Tanzania there are a number of operators licensed
by Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority (TCRA) aiming
at attracting customers into their networks. So far
telecommunications market competition has been very stiff. Various
measures are being taken by mobile operators to survive in the
market. Such measure include introducing of different air time
bundles on daily, weekly and monthly at lower tariffs. Other
measures include the introduction of normal tariff, tourist package
and one network. Despite of all these strategies, there is a dynamic
competition in the market which needs to be explored. Some
influences which attract customers to choose a certain mobile
operator are of particular interest. This paper is investigating if the
network effects and Quality of Services (QoS) influence mobile
customers in selection of their mobile network operators. Seventy
seven students from high learning institutions in Dodoma
Municipality in Tanzania participated in responding to prepared
questionnaires. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for
Social Science (SPSS) Software. The results indicate that, network
coverage does influence customers in selection of mobile operators.
In addition, this paper proposes further research in some areas
especially where the study came up with different findings from what
the theory has in place.
Abstract: In today’s era, it is no news that organizations should
demonstrate honest conduct as well as ethical administration.
Therefore, the concept of corporate social responsibility
(subsequently CSR) has created its tag upon the company’s focal
point as well as marketing communications, and will continue in the
future. The importance of CSR has increased in the last decade, and
this concept has attracted global attention. The notion of CSR has
strategic significance for many organizations. However, businesses
are not adapting the activities of CSR that benefit to all of its
stakeholders (including society). The main reason is the practitioners
are unfortunately unable to comprehend its importance; and
therefore, the activities of the CSR are so detached from the business
activities. Hence, it is required to develop an understanding that the
activities of CSR are not only beneficial for the society but it also
benefit to business. This paper focuses on the concept of strategic
CSR, and develops a theoretical framework that will help
practitioners to filter and chose the activities of CSR that are strategic
in nature.
Abstract: City shrinkage is one of the thorny problems that many
European cities have to face with nowadays. It is mainly expressed as
the decrease of population in these cities. Eastern Germany is one of
the pioneers of European shrinking cities with long shrinking history.
The paper selects one representative shrinking city Halle (Saale) in
eastern Germany as research objective, collecting and investigating
nearly 20 years (1993-2010) municipal data after the reunification of
Germany. These data based on five dimensions, which are
demographic, economic, social, spatial and environmental and total 16
eligible variables. Factor Analysis is used to deal with these variables
in order to assess the most important factors affecting shrinking Halle.
The results show that there are three main factors determine the
shrinkage of Halle, respectively named “demographical and
economical factor”, “social stability factor”, and “city vitality factor”.
The three factors act at different time period of Halle’s shrinkage: from
1993 to 1997 the demographical and economical factor played an
important role; from 1997 to 2004 the social stability factor is
significant to city shrinkage; since 2005 city vitality factor determines
the shrinkage of Halle. In recent years, the shrinkage in Halle mitigates
that shows the sign of growing population. Thus the city Halle should
focus on attaching more importance on the city vitality factor to
prevent the city from shrinkage. Meanwhile, the city should possess a
positive perspective to shift the growth-oriented development to tap
the potential of shrinking cities. This method is expected to apply to
further research and other shrinking cities
Abstract: In this paper, the influence of upstream structures on the flow patternaround and inside the wind-catcher is experimentally investigated by smoke flow visualization techniques. Wind-catchers are an important part of natural ventilation in residential buildings or public places such as shopping centers, libraries, etc. Wind-catchers might be also used in places of high urban densities; hence their potential to provide natural ventilation is dependent on the presence of upstream structures. In this study, the two-sided wind-catcher model was based on a real wind-catcher observed in the city of Yazd, Iran. The present study focuses on the flow patterns around and inside the isolated two-sided wind-catcher, and on a two-sided wind-catcher in the presence of an upstream structure. The results show that the presence of an upstream structure influences the airflow pattern force and direction. Placing a high upstream structure reverses the airflow direction inside the wind-catcher.
Abstract: Domestic goats (Capra hircus) are extremely diverse
species and principal animal genetic resource of the developing
world. These facilitate a persistent supply of meat, milk, fibre, and
skin and are considered as important revenue generators in small
pastoral environments. This study aimed to fingerprint β-LG gene at
PCR-RFLP level in native Saudi goat breeds (Ardi, Habsi and Harri)
in an attempt to have a preliminary image of β-LG genotypic patterns
in Saudi breeds as compared to other foreign breeds such as Indian
and Egyptian. Also, the Phylogenetic analysis was done to investigate
evolutionary trends and similarities among the caprine β-LG gene
with that of the other domestic specie, viz. cow, buffalo and sheep.
Blood samples were collected from 300 animals (100 for each breed)
and genomic DNA was extracted. A fragment of the β-LG gene
(427bp) was amplified using specific primers. Subsequent digestion
with Sac II restriction endonuclease revealed two alleles (A and B)
and three different banding patterns or genotypes i.e. AA, AB and
BB. The statistical analysis showed a general trend that β-LG AA
genotype had higher milk yield than β-LG AB and β-LG BB
genotypes. Nucleotide sequencing of the selected β-LG fragments
was done and submitted to GenBank NCBI (Accession No.
KJ544248, KJ588275, KJ588276, KJ783455, KJ783456 and
KJ874959). Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of nucleotide
sequences of native Saudi goats indicated evolutional similarity with
the GenBank reference sequences of goat, Bubalus bubalis and Bos
taurus. However, the origin of sheep which is the most closely
related from the evolutionary point of view, was located some
distance away.
Abstract: The hydrogenated amorphous carbon films (α-C:H)
were deposited on p-type Si (100) substrates at different thicknesses by
radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
technique (rf-PECVD). Raman spectra display asymmetric
diamond-like carbon (DLC) peaks, representative of the α-C:H films.
The decrease of intensity ID/IG ratios revealed the sp3 content arise at
different thicknesses of the α-C:H films. In terms of mechanical
properties, the high hardness and elastic modulus values showed the
elastic and plastic deformation behaviors related to sp3 content in
amorphous carbon films. Electrochemical properties showed that the
α-C:H films exhibited excellent corrosion resistance in air-saturated
3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for pH 2 at room temperature. Thickness
increasing affected the small sp2 clusters in matrix, restricting the
velocity transfer and exchange of electrons. The deposited α-C:H films
exhibited excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
Abstract: The Quad Tree Decomposition based performance
analysis of compressed image data communication for lossy and
lossless through wireless sensor network is presented. Images have
considerably higher storage requirement than text. While transmitting
a multimedia content there is chance of the packets being dropped
due to noise and interference. At the receiver end the packets that
carry valuable information might be damaged or lost due to noise,
interference and congestion. In order to avoid the valuable
information from being dropped various retransmission schemes have
been proposed. In this proposed scheme QTD is used. QTD is an
image segmentation method that divides the image into homogeneous
areas. In this proposed scheme involves analysis of parameters such
as compression ratio, peak signal to noise ratio, mean square error,
bits per pixel in compressed image and analysis of difficulties during
data packet communication in Wireless Sensor Networks. By
considering the above, this paper is to use the QTD to improve the
compression ratio as well as visual quality and the algorithm in
MATLAB 7.1 and NS2 Simulator software tool.