Abstract: An important official knowledge in each country is to
have a comprehensive knowledge about markets of each group of
products. Drink markets are one the most important markets of each
country as a sub-group of nourishment markets. This paper is going
to study these markets in Iran. To do so, first, two drink products are
selected as pilot, including milk and concentrate. Then, for each
product, two groups of information are estimated for the last five
years, including 1) total consumption (demand) and 2) total
production. Finally, the two groups of productions are compared
statistically by means of two statistical tests called t test and Mann-
Whitney test. The implemented Different related tables and figures
are also illustrated to show the method more explicitly.
Abstract: In studies on psychological health and children-s personality development and in researches on emotional distresses, children-s behavioral disorders associated with mother deprivation, are known as the major cause of mental disorders. Therefore, for identification of children-s attachment styles in nursery-s children are of significant importance. For this purpose, to compare the attachment styles between children of nursery with those provided care by their families, the Separation Anxiety Test (SAT) of Slough and et al was administered on 72 children (36 in nursery and 36 family-cared). The results indicated, almost half of children in both groups have insecure attachment styles. Tendency ratio of both groups of children towards Secure and Ambivalent Insecure styles are almost the same. However the avoidant style of attachment in children of nursery is more than those provided care by their families. The children under family care compared to the children of nursery, in the situations of separation from their mothers in the first day of school and sleeping in their room, have shown more self reliance.
Abstract: Studies were carried out on the comparative study of the production of Avicelase enzyme using sugarcane bagasse-SCB in two different statuses (i.e. treated and untreated SCB) by thermophilic Geobacillus stearothermophilus at 50ºC. Only four thermophilic bacterial isolates were isolated and assayed for Avicelase production using UntSCB and TSCB. Only one isolate selected as most potent and identified as G. stearothermophilus used in this study. A specific endo-β-1,4-D-glucanase (Avicelase EC 3.2.1.91) was partially purified from a thermophilic bacterial strain was isolated from different soil samples when grown on cellulose enrichment SCB substrate as the sole carbon source. Results shown that G. stearothermophilus was the better Avicelase producer strain. Avicelase had an optimum pH and temperature 7.0 and 50ºC for both UntSCB and TSCB and exhibited good pH stability between "5-8" and "4-9", however, good temperature stability between (30-80ºC) for UntSCB and TSCB, respectively. Other factors affecting the production of Avicelase were compared (i.e. SCB concentration, inoculum size and different incubation periods), all results observed and obtained were revealed that the TSCB was exhibited maximal enzyme activity in comparison with the results obtained from UntSCB, so, the TSCB was enhancing the Avicelase production.
Abstract: At present the process of formation of corporate
values in Kazakh universities is under the influence of a whole range
of socio-economic and cultural changes: on the one hand universities
must maintain and transmit traditional cultural values of education,
on the other, to improve quality of service and to involve young
people to science, providing thus own competitiveness. Thus, this
article presents some results of two cycles of sociological research
conducted in 2012 and aimed at identifying possible ways to
popularize science and readiness to participate of youth in given
activities, expectations of young scientists and the prospects of future
development of the Kazakh science.
Abstract: Current advancements in nanotechnology are dependent
on the capabilities that can enable nano-scientists to extend their eyes
and hands into the nano-world. For this purpose, a haptics (devices
capable of recreating tactile or force sensations) based system for
AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) is proposed. The system enables
the nano-scientists to touch and feel the sample surfaces, viewed
through AFM, in order to provide them with better understanding of
the physical properties of the surface, such as roughness, stiffness and
shape of molecular architecture. At this stage, the proposed work uses
of ine images produced using AFM and perform image analysis to
create virtual surfaces suitable for haptics force analysis. The research
work is in the process of extension from of ine to online process
where interaction will be done directly on the material surface for
realistic analysis.
Abstract: A statistical optimization of the saccharification
process of EFB was studied. The statistical analysis was done by
applying faced centered central composite design (FCCCD) under
response surface methodology (RSM). In this investigation, EFB
dose, enzyme dose and saccharification period was examined, and the
maximum 53.45% (w/w) yield of reducing sugar was found with 4%
(w/v) of EFB, 10% (v/v) of enzyme after 120 hours of incubation. It
can be calculated that the conversion rate of cellulose content of the
substrate is more than 75% (w/w) which can be considered as a
remarkable achievement. All the variables, linear, quadratic and
interaction coefficient, were found to be highly significant, other than
two coefficients, one quadratic and another interaction coefficient.
The coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.9898 that confirms a
satisfactory data and indicated that approximately 98.98% of the
variability in the dependent variable, saccharification of EFB, could
be explained by this model.
Abstract: Behavior of dams against the seismic loads has been
studied by many researchers. Most of them proposed new numerical
methods to investigate the dam safety. In this paper, to study the
effect of nonlinear parameters of concrete in gravity dams, a twodimensional
approach was used including the finite element method,
staggered method and smeared crack approach. Effective parameters
in the models are physical properties of concrete such as modulus of
elasticity, tensile strength and specific fracture energy. Two different
models were used in foundation (mass-less and massed) in order to
determine the seismic response of concrete gravity dams. Results
show that when the nonlinear analysis includes the dam- foundation
interaction, the foundation-s mass, flexibility and radiation damping
are important in gravity dam-s response.
Abstract: The increase popularity of multimedia application especially in image processing places a great demand on efficient data storage and transmission techniques. Network communication such as wireless network can easily be intercepted and cause of confidential information leaked. Unfortunately, conventional compression and encryption methods are too slow; it is impossible to carry out real time secure image processing. In this research, Embedded Zerotree Wavelet (EZW) encoder which specially designs for wavelet compression is examined. With this algorithm, three methods are proposed to reduce the processing time, space and security protection that will be secured enough to protect the data.
Abstract: The technique of k-anonymization has been proposed to obfuscate private data through associating it with at least k identities. This paper investigates the basic tabular structures that
underline the notion of k-anonymization using cell suppression.
These structures are studied under idealized conditions to identify the
essential features of the k-anonymization notion. We optimize data kanonymization
through requiring a minimum number of anonymized
values that are balanced over all columns and rows. We study the
relationship between the sizes of the anonymized tables, the value k, and the number of attributes. This study has a theoretical value through contributing to develop a mathematical foundation of the kanonymization
concept. Its practical significance is still to be
investigated.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of
mucus production as a biomarker. This was done by exposing the
mussel Perna perna to various sublethal concentrations of Cu.
Mussels are effective as a bioindicator species as they accumulate Cu
in their tissues. Differences in mucus production rates were evaluated
at different Cu concentrations. The findings of this study indicate that
increasing Cu concentrations had a significant effect on the mucus
production rates over a 24 hour exposure. There were also significant
differences between the mucus production rates at different Cu
concentrations (p < 0.05). Thus, mucus is an essential detoxification
mechanism.
Abstract: Success is a European project that will implement several clean transport offers in three European cities and evaluate the environmental impacts. The goal of these measures is to improve urban mobility or the displacement of residents inside cities. For e.g. park and ride, electric vehicles, hybrid bus and bike sharing etc. A list of 28 criteria and 60 measures has been established for evaluation of these transport projects. The evaluation criteria can be grouped into: Transport, environment, social, economic and fuel consumption. This article proposes a decision support system based that encapsulates a hybrid approach based on fuzzy logic, multicriteria analysis and belief theory for the evaluation of impacts of urban mobility solutions. A web-based tool called DeSSIA (Decision Support System for Impacts Assessment) has been developed that treats complex data. The tool has several functionalities starting from data integration (import of data), evaluation of projects and finishes by graphical display of results. The tool development is based on the concept of MVC (Model, View, and Controller). The MVC is a conception model adapted to the creation of software's which impose separation between data, their treatment and presentation. Effort is laid on the ergonomic aspects of the application. It has codes compatible with the latest norms (XHTML, CSS) and has been validated by W3C (World Wide Web Consortium). The main ergonomic aspect focuses on the usability of the application, ease of learning and adoption. By the usage of technologies such as AJAX (XML and Java Script asynchrones), the application is more rapid and convivial. The positive points of our approach are that it treats heterogeneous data (qualitative, quantitative) from various information sources (human experts, survey, sensors, model etc.).
Abstract: This paper describes a rapid prototyping (RP)
technology for forming a hydroxyapatite (HA) bone scaffold model.
The HA powder and a silica sol are mixed into bioceramic slurry form
under a suitable viscosity. The HA particles are embedded in the
solidified silica matrix to form green parts via a wide range of process
parameters after processing by selective laser sintering (SLS). The
results indicate that the proposed process was possible to fabricate
multilayers and hollow shell structure with brittle property but
sufficient integrity for handling prior to post-processing. The
fabricated bone scaffold models had a surface finish of 25
Abstract: The level of visual abilities, language, memory
processes and intellectual functioning development affects the quality
of a written text. The following analysis will present the results of
diagnostic tests indicating the most common criterion for a group and
stating whether a person has been diagnosed with having cognitive
developmental level below the group-s average or not.The study-s
aim is to determine whether there are specific patterns of cognitive
deficits, which can be distinguished among the group of young
people with spelling disorders.
Abstract: The aim of this work is to present a multi-objective optimization method to find maximum efficiency kinematics for a flapping wing unmanned aerial vehicle. We restrained our study to rectangular wings with the same profile along the span and to harmonic dihedral motion. It is assumed that the birdlike aerial vehicle (whose span and surface area were fixed respectively to 1m and 0.15m2) is in horizontal mechanically balanced motion at fixed speed. We used two flight physics models to describe the vehicle aerodynamic performances, namely DeLaurier-s model, which has been used in many studies dealing with flapping wings, and the model proposed by Dae-Kwan et al. Then, a constrained multi-objective optimization of the propulsive efficiency is performed using a recent evolutionary multi-objective algorithm called є-MOEA. Firstly, we show that feasible solutions (i.e. solutions that fulfil the imposed constraints) can be obtained using Dae-Kwan et al.-s model. Secondly, we highlight that a single objective optimization approach (weighted sum method for example) can also give optimal solutions as good as the multi-objective one which nevertheless offers the advantage of directly generating the set of the best trade-offs. Finally, we show that the DeLaurier-s model does not yield feasible solutions.
Abstract: Researches on the general rules of temperature field
changing and their effects on the bridge in construction are necessary.
This paper investigated the rules of temperature field changing and its
effects on bridge using onsite measurement and computational
analysis. Guanyinsha Bridge was used as a case study in this research.
The temperature field was simulated in analyses. The effects of certain
boundary conditions such as sun radiance, wind speed, and model
parameters such as heat factor and specific heat on temperature field
are investigated. Recommended values for these parameters are
proposed. The simulated temperature field matches the measured
observations with high accuracy. At the same time, the stresses and
deflections of the bridge computed with the simulated temperature
field matches measured values too. As a conclusion, the temperature
effect analysis of reinforced concrete box girder can be conducted
directly based on the reliable weather data of the concerned area.
Abstract: Slag sample from copper smelting operation in a
water jacket furnace from DRC plant was used. The study intends to
determine the effect of cooling in the extraction of base metals. The
cooling methods investigated were water quenching, air cooling and
furnace cooling. The latter cooling ways were compared to the
original as received slag. It was observed that, the cooling rate of the
slag affected the leaching of base metals as it changed the phase
distribution in the slag and the base metals distribution within the
phases. It was also found that fast cooling of slag prevented
crystallization and produced an amorphous phase that encloses the
base metals. The amorphous slags from the slag dumps were more
leachable in acidic medium (HNO3) which leached 46%Cu, 95% Co,
85% Zn, 92% Pb and 79% Fe with no selectivity at pH0, than in
basic medium (NH4OH). The leachability was vice versa for the
modified slags by quenching in water which leached 89%Cu with a
high selectivity as metal extractions are less than 1% for Co, Zn, Pb
and Fe at ambient temperature and pH12. For the crystallized slags,
leaching of base metals increased with the increase of temperature
from ambient temperature to 60°C and decreased at the higher
temperature of 80°C due to the evaporation of the ammonia solution
used for basic leaching, the total amounts of base metals that were
leached in slow cooled slags were very low compared to the
quenched slag samples.
Abstract: Evapotranspiration (ET) is a major component of the hydrologic cycle and its accurate estimation is essential for hydrological studies. In past, various estimation methods have been developed for different climatological data, and the accuracy of these methods varies with climatic conditions. Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is a key variable in procedures established for estimating evapotranspiration rates of agricultural crops. Values of ET0 are used with crop coefficients for many aspects of irrigation and water resources planning and management. Numerous methods are used for estimating ET0. As per internationally accepted procedures outlined in the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization-s Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56(FAO-56), use of Penman-Monteith equation is recommended for computing ET0 from ground based climatological observations. In the present study, seven methods have been selected for performance evaluation. User friendly software has been developed using programming language visual basic. The visual basic has ability to create graphical environment using less coding. For given data availability the developed software estimates reference evapotranspiration for any given area and period for which data is available. The accuracy of the software has been checked by the examples given in FAO-56.The developed software is a user friendly tool for estimating ET0 under different data availability and climatic conditions.
Abstract: Given bipartite graphs H1 and H2, the bipartite Ramsey number b(H1;H2) is the smallest integer b such that any subgraph G of the complete bipartite graph Kb,b, either G contains a copy of H1 or its complement relative to Kb,b contains a copy of H2. It is known that b(K2,2;K2,2) = 5, b(K2,3;K2,3) = 9, b(K2,4;K2,4) = 14 and b(K3,3;K3,3) = 17. In this paper we study the case that both H1 and H2 are even cycles, prove that b(C2m;C2n) ≥ m + n - 1 for m = n, and b(C2m;C6) = m + 2 for m ≥ 4.
Abstract: In this paper, we present a matrix game-theoretic cross-layer optimization formulation to maximize the network lifetime in wireless ad hoc networks with network coding. To this end, we introduce a cross-layer formulation of general NUM (network utility maximization) that accommodates routing, scheduling, and stream control from different layers in the coded networks. Specifically, for the scheduling problem and then the objective function involved, we develop a matrix game with the strategy sets of the players corresponding to hyperlinks and transmission modes, and design the payoffs specific to the lifetime. In particular, with the inherit merit that matrix game can be solved with linear programming, our cross-layer programming formulation can benefit from both game-based and NUM-based approaches at the same time by cooperating the programming model for the matrix game with that for the other layers in a consistent framework. Finally, our numerical example demonstrates its performance results on a well-known wireless butterfly network to verify the cross-layer optimization scheme.
Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks consist of inexpensive, low power sensor nodes deployed to monitor the environment and collect
data. Gathering information in an energy efficient manner is a critical aspect to prolong the network lifetime. Clustering algorithms have an advantage of enhancing the network lifetime. Current clustering algorithms usually focus on global re-clustering and local re-clustering separately. This paper, proposed a combination of those two reclustering methods to reduce the energy consumption of the network. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can apply to homogeneous as well as heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. In addition, the cluster head rotation happens, only when its energy drops below a dynamic threshold value computed by the algorithm. The simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm prolong the network lifetime compared to existing algorithms.