Abstract: Recently, a lot of attention has been devoted to
advanced techniques of system modeling. PNN(polynomial neural
network) is a GMDH-type algorithm (Group Method of Data
Handling) which is one of the useful method for modeling nonlinear
systems but PNN performance depends strongly on the number of
input variables and the order of polynomial which are determined by
trial and error. In this paper, we introduce GPNN (genetic
polynomial neural network) to improve the performance of PNN.
GPNN determines the number of input variables and the order of all
neurons with GA (genetic algorithm). We use GA to search between
all possible values for the number of input variables and the order of
polynomial. GPNN performance is obtained by two nonlinear
systems. the quadratic equation and the time series Dow Jones stock
index are two case studies for obtaining the GPNN performance.
Abstract: Chest pain is one of the most prevalent complaints
among adults that cause the people to attend to medical centers. The
aim was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of chest pain
among over 30 years old people in Tehran. In this cross-sectional
study, 787 adults took part from Apr 2005 until Apr 2006. The
sampling method was random cluster sampling and there were 25
clusters. In each cluster, interviews were performed with 32 over 30
years old, people lived in those houses. In cases with chest pain, extra
questions asked. The prevalence of CP was 9% (71 cases). Of them
21 cases (6.5%) were in 41-60 year age ranges and the remainders
were over 61 year old. 19 cases (26.8%) mentioned CP in resting
state and all of the cases had exertion onset CP. The CP duration was
10 minutes or less in all of the cases and in most of them (84.5%), the
location of pain mentioned left anterior part of chest, left anterior part
of sternum and or left arm. There was positive history of myocardial
infarction in 12 cases (17%). There was significant relation between
CP and age, sex and between history of myocardial infarction and
marital state of study people. Our results are similar to other studies-
results in most parts, however it is necessary to perform
supplementary tests and follow up studies to differentiate between
cardiac and non-cardiac CP exactly.
Abstract: The Mongol expansion in the West and the political
and commercial interests arising from antagonisms between the
Golden Horde and the Persian Ilkhanate determined the
transformation of the Black Sea into an international trade turntable
beginning with the last third of the XIIIth century. As the Volga
Khanate attracted the maritime power of Genoa in the
transcontinental project of deviating the Silk Road to its own benefit,
the latter took full advantage of the new historical conjuncture, to the
detriment of its rival, Venice. As a consequence, Genoa settled
important urban centers on the Pontic shores, having mainly a
commercial role. In the Romanian outer-Carpathian area, Vicina,
Cetatea Albâ, and Chilia are notable, representing distinct, important
types of cities within the broader context of the Romanian medieval
urban genesis typology.
Abstract: This paper discusses the applicability of the Data
Distribution Service (DDS) for the development of automated and modular manufacturing systems which require a flexible and robust
communication infrastructure. DDS is an emergent standard for datacentric publish/subscribe middleware systems that provides an
infrastructure for platform-independent many-to-many
communication. It particularly addresses the needs of real-time systems that require deterministic data transfer, have low memory
footprints and high robustness requirements. After an overview of the
standard, several aspects of DDS are related to current challenges for the development of modern manufacturing systems with distributed architectures. Finally, an example application is presented based on a modular active fixturing system to illustrate the described aspects.
Abstract: This paper is mainly concerned with the application of
a novel technique of data interpretation for classifying measurements
of plasma columns in Tokamak reactors for nuclear fusion
applications. The proposed method exploits several concepts derived
from soft computing theory. In particular, Artificial Neural Networks
and Multi-Class Support Vector Machines have been exploited to
classify magnetic variables useful to determine shape and position of
the plasma with a reduced computational complexity. The proposed
technique is used to analyze simulated databases of plasma equilibria
based on ITER geometry configuration. As well as demonstrating the
successful recovery of scalar equilibrium parameters, we show that
the technique can yield practical advantages compared with earlier
methods.
Abstract: We study the spatial design of experiment and we want to select a most informative subset, having prespecified size, from a set of correlated random variables. The problem arises in many applied domains, such as meteorology, environmental statistics, and statistical geology. In these applications, observations can be collected at different locations and possibly at different times. In spatial design, when the design region and the set of interest are discrete then the covariance matrix completely describe any objective function and our goal is to choose a feasible design that minimizes the resulting uncertainty. The problem is recast as that of maximizing the determinant of the covariance matrix of the chosen subset. This problem is NP-hard. For using these designs in computer experiments, in many cases, the design space is very large and it's not possible to calculate the exact optimal solution. Heuristic optimization methods can discover efficient experiment designs in situations where traditional designs cannot be applied, exchange methods are ineffective and exact solution not possible. We developed a GA algorithm to take advantage of the exploratory power of this algorithm. The successful application of this method is demonstrated in large design space. We consider a real case of design of experiment. In our problem, design space is very large and for solving the problem, we used proposed GA algorithm.
Abstract: The paper presents the brief information on particular results of experimental study focused to the problems of behavior of structural plated components made of fiber-cement-based materials and used in building constructions, exposed to atmospheric physical effects given by the weather changes in the summer period. Weather changes represented namely by temperature and rain cause also the changes of the temperature and moisture of the investigated structural components. This can affect their static behavior that means stresses and deformations, which have been monitored as the main outputs of tests performed. Experimental verification is based on the simulation of the influence of temperature and rain using the defined procedure of warming and water sprinkling with respect to the corresponding weather conditions during summer period in the South Moravian region at the Czech Republic, for which the application of these structural components is mainly planned. Two types of components have been tested: (i) glass-fiber-concrete panels used for building façades and (ii) fiber-cement slabs used mainly for claddings, but also as a part of floor structures or lost shuttering, and so on.
Abstract: In this study the adsorption of Cu (II) ions from aqueous solutions on synthetic zeolite NaA was evaluated. The effect of solution temperature and the determination of the kinetic parameters of adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solution on zeolite NaA is important in understanding the adsorption mechanism. Variables of the system include adsorption time, temperature (293- 328K), initial solution concentration and pH for the system. The sorption kinetics of the copper ions were found to be strongly dependent on pH (the optimum pH 3-5), solute ion concentration and temperature (293 – 328 K). It was found, the pseudo-second-order model was the best choice among all the kinetic models to describe the adsorption behavior of Cu(II) onto ziolite NaA, suggesting that the adsorption mechanism might be a chemisorptions process The activation energy of adsorption (Ea) was determined as Cu(II) 13.5 kJ mol-1. The low value of Ea shows that Cu(II) adsorption process by zeolite NaA may be an activated chemical adsorption. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0) were also determined from the temperature dependence. The results show that the process of adsorption Cu(II) is spontaneous and endothermic process and rise in temperature favors the adsorption.
Abstract: Metaphor has recently gained extensive interest most probably due to developments in cognitive sciences and the study of language as the reflection of humans- world perception. Metaphor is no longer reckoned as solely literary expressive means. Nowadays it is studied in a whole number of discourses, such as politics, law, medicine, sports, etc. with the purpose of the analysis and determining its role. The scientific language is not an exception. It might seem that metaphor cannot suit it; we would dare to draw a hypothesis that metaphor has indeed found its stable place in terminology. In comprehension of metaphorically represented terms the stage of visualization plays a significant role. We proceeded on the assumption that this stage is the main in provision of better term comprehension and would try to exemplify it with metaphoricallyoriented terms.
Abstract: Levenberg-Marquardt method (LM) was proposed to
be applied as a non-linear least-square fitting in the analysis of a
natural gamma-ray spectrum that was taken by the Hp (Ge) detector.
The Gaussian function that composed of three components, main
Gaussian, a step background function and tailing function in the lowenergy
side, has been suggested to describe each of the y-ray lines
mathematically in the spectrum. The whole spectrum has been
analyzed by determining the energy and relative intensity for the
strong y-ray lines.
Abstract: In the present study, a procedure was developed to
determine the optimum reaction rate constants in generalized
Arrhenius form and optimized through the Nelder-Mead method. For
this purpose, a comprehensive mathematical model of a fixed bed
reactor for dehydrogenation of heavy paraffins over Pt–Sn/Al2O3
catalyst was developed. Utilizing appropriate kinetic rate expressions
for the main dehydrogenation reaction as well as side reactions and
catalyst deactivation, a detailed model for the radial flow reactor was
obtained. The reactor model composed of a set of partial differential
equations (PDE), ordinary differential equations (ODE) as well as
algebraic equations all of which were solved numerically to
determine variations in components- concentrations in term of mole
percents as a function of time and reactor radius. It was demonstrated
that most significant variations observed at the entrance of the bed
and the initial olefin production obtained was rather high. The
aforementioned method utilized a direct-search optimization
algorithm along with the numerical solution of the governing
differential equations. The usefulness and validity of the method was
demonstrated by comparing the predicted values of the kinetic
constants using the proposed method with a series of experimental
values reported in the literature for different systems.
Abstract: Recently, bianisotropic media again received
increasing importance in electromagnetic theory because of advances
in material science which enable the manufacturing of complex
bianisotropic materials. By using Maxwell's equations and
corresponding boundary conditions, the electromagnetic field
distribution in bianisotropic solenoid coils is determined and the
influence of the bianisotropic behaviour of coil to the impedance and
Q-factor is considered. Bianisotropic media are the largest class of
linear media which is able to describe the macroscopic material
properties of artificial dielectrics, artificial magnetics, artificial chiral
materials, left-handed materials, metamaterials, and other composite
materials. Several special cases of coils, filled with complex
substance, have been analyzed. Results obtained by using the
analytical approach are compared with values calculated by
numerical methods, especially by our new hybrid EEM/BEM method
and FEM.
Abstract: The mechanism of microwave heating is essentially
that of dielectric heating. After exposing the emulsion to the
microwave Electromagnetic (EM) field, molecular rotation and ionic
conduction due to the penetration of (EM) into the emulsion are
responsible for the internal heating. To determine the capability of
microwave technology in demulsification of crude oil emulsions,
microwave demulsification method was applied in a 50-50 % and 20-
80 % water-in-oil emulsions with microwave exposure time varied
from 20-180 sec. Transient temperature profiles of water-in-oil
emulsions inside a cylindrical container were measured. The
temperature rise at a given location was almost horizontal (linear).
The average rates of temperature increase of 50-50 % and 20-80 %
water-in-oil emulsions are 0.351 and 0.437 oC/sec, respectively. The
rate of temperature increase of emulsions decreased at higher
temperature due to decreasing dielectric loss of water. These results
indicate that microwave demulsification of water-in-oil emulsions
does not require chemical additions. Microwave has the potential to
be used as an alternative way in the demulsification process.
Abstract: Groundwater is an essential and vital component of our life support system. The groundwater resources are being utilized for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes. There is growing concern on deterioration of groundwater quality due to geogenic and anthropogenic activities. Groundwater, being a fragile must be carefully managed to maintain its purity within standard limits. So, quality assessment and management are to be carried out hand-in-hand to have a pollution free environment and for a sustainable use. In order to assess the quality for consumption by human beings and for use in agriculture, the groundwater from the shallow aquifers (dug well) in the Palakkad and Chittur taluks of Bharathapuzha river basin - a paddy dominated agricultural basin (order=8th; L= 209 Km; Area = 6186 Km2), Kerala, India, has been selected. The water samples (n= 120) collected for various seasons, viz., monsoon-MON (August, 2005), postmonsoon-POM (December, 2005) and premonsoon-PRM (April, 2006), were analyzed for important physico-chemical attributes. Spatial and temporal variation of attributes do exist in the study area, and based on major cations and anions, different hydrochemical facies have been identified. Using Gibbs'diagram, rock dominance has been identified as the mechanism controlling groundwater chemistry. Further, the suitability of water for irrigation was determined by analyzing salinity hazard indicated by sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and sodium percent (%Na). Finally, stress zones in the study area were delineated using Arc GIS spatial analysis and various management options were recommended to restore the ecosystem.
Abstract: In this study, production possibilities of hydrogen and/or methane via SCWG from black grape residues have been investigated. For this aim, grape residues which remain as a byproduct of the wine making process have been used. Since utilization from grape residues is limited due to the high moisture content, supercritical water gasification is the most convenient method. The effect of the gasification temperature and type of catalyst on supercritical water gasification have been investigated. Gasification experiments were performed in a batch autoclave at four different temperatures 300, 400, 500 and 600°C. K2CO3 and Trona (NaHCO3.Na2CO3·2H2O) were used as catalyst. Real biomass types of black grape residues have been successfully gasified and the product gas (hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and a small amount of ethane and ethylene) were identified by using gas chromatography. A TOC analyzer was used to determine total organic carbon (TOC) content of aqueous phase. The amounts of carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, furfurals and phenols present in the aqueous solutions were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. When the temperature increased from 300°C to 600°C, mol% of H2 in gas products increased. The presence of catalysts improves the hydrogen yield. Trona showed gasification activity to be similar to that of K2CO3. It may be concluded that the use of Trona instead of commercially produced catalysts, can be preferably used in the gasification of biomass in supercritical water.
Abstract: Worldwide many electrical equipment insulation
failures have been reported caused by switching operations, while
those equipments had previously passed all the standard tests and
complied with all quality requirements. The problem is mostly
associated with high-frequency overvoltages generated during
opening or closing of a switching device. The transients generated
during switching operations in a Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) are
associated with high frequency components in the order of few tens
of MHz.
The frequency spectrum of the VFTO generated in the 220/66 kV
Wadi-Hoff GIS is analyzed using Fast Fourier Transform technique.
The main frequency with high voltage amplitude due to the operation
of disconnector (DS5) is 5 to 10 MHz, with the highest amplitude at 9
MHz. The main frequency with high voltage amplitude due to the
operation of circuit breaker (CB5) is 1 to 25 MHz, with the highest
amplitude at 2 MHz.
Mitigating techniques damped the oscillating frequencies
effectively. The using of cable terminal reduced the frequency
oscillation effectively than that of OHTL terminal. The using of a
shunt capacitance results in vanishing the high frequency
components. Ferrite rings reduces the high frequency components
effectively especially in the range 2 to 7 MHz. The using of RC and
RL filters results in vanishing the high frequency components.
Abstract: Burnishing is a method of finishing and hardening
machined parts by plastic deformation of the surface. Experimental
work based on central composite second order rotatable design has
been carried out on a lathe machine to establish the effects of ball
burnishing parameters on the surface roughness of brass material.
Analysis of the results by the analysis of variance technique and the
F-test show that the parameters considered, have significant effects
on the surface roughness.
Abstract: TELMES project aims to develop a securized
multimedia system devoted to medical consultation teleservices. It
will be finalized with a pilot system for a regional telecenters
network that connects local telecenters, having as support
multimedia platforms. This network will enable the implementation
of complex medical teleservices (teleconsulations, telemonitoring,
homecare, urgency medicine, etc.) for a broader range of patients
and medical professionals, mainly for family doctors and those
people living in rural or isolated regions. Thus, a multimedia,
scalable network, based on modern IT&C paradigms, will result. It
will gather two inter-connected regional telecenters, in Iaşi and
Piteşti, Romania, each of them also permitting local connections of
hospitals, diagnostic and treatment centers, as well as local networks
of family doctors, patients, even educational entities. As
communications infrastructure, we aim to develop a combined fixmobile-
internet (broadband) links. Other possible communication
environments will be GSM/GPRS/3G and radio waves. The
electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition, internet transmission and
local analysis, using embedded technologies, was already
successfully done for patients- telemonitoring.
Abstract: Three-dimensional simulation of harmonic up
generation in free electron laser amplifier operating simultaneously
with a cold and relativistic electron beam is presented in steady-state
regime where the slippage of the electromagnetic wave with respect
to the electron beam is ignored. By using slowly varying envelope
approximation and applying the source-dependent expansion to wave
equations, electromagnetic fields are represented in terms of the
Hermit Gaussian modes which are well suited for the planar wiggler
configuration. The electron dynamics is described by the fully threedimensional
Lorentz force equation in presence of the realistic planar
magnetostatic wiggler and electromagnetic fields. A set of coupled
nonlinear first-order differential equations is derived and solved
numerically. The fundamental and third harmonic radiation of the
beam is considered. In addition to uniform beam, prebunched
electron beam has also been studied. For this effect of sinusoidal
distribution of entry times for the electron beam on the evolution of
radiation is compared with uniform distribution. It is shown that
prebunching reduces the saturation length substantially. For
efficiency enhancement the wiggler is set to decrease linearly when
the radiation of the third harmonic saturates. The optimum starting
point of tapering and the slope of radiation in the amplitude of
wiggler are found by successive run of the code.
Abstract: This paper presented a new approach for centralized
monitoring and self-protected against fiber fault in fiber-to-the-home
(FTTH) access network by using Smart Access Network Testing,
Analyzing and Database (SANTAD). SANTAD will be installed
with optical line terminal (OLT) at central office (CO) for in-service
transmission surveillance and fiber fault localization within FTTH
with point-to-multipoint (P2MP) configuration downwardly from CO
towards customer residential locations based on the graphical user
interface (GUI) processing capabilities of MATLAB software.
SANTAD is able to detect any fiber fault as well as identify the
failure location in the network system. SANTAD enable the status of
each optical network unit (ONU) connected line is displayed onto
one screen with capability to configure the attenuation and detect the
failure simultaneously. The analysis results and information will be
delivered to the field engineer for promptly actions, meanwhile the
failure line will be diverted to protection line to ensure the traffic
flow continuously. This approach has a bright prospect to improve
the survivability and reliability as well as increase the efficiency and
monitoring capabilities in FTTH.