Abstract: Food control measures are critical in fostering food safety management of a nation. However, no academic study has been undertaken to assess the food control system of Myanmar up to now. The objective of this research paper was to assess the food control system with in depth examination of five key components using desktop analysis and short survey from related food safety program organizations including regulators and inspectors. Study showed that the existing food control system is conventional, mainly focusing on primary health care approach while relying on reactive measures. The achievements of food control work have been limited to a certain extent due to insufficienttechnical capacity that is needed to upgrade staffs, laboratory equipment and technical assistance etc. associated with various sectors. Assessing food control measures is the first step in the integration of food safety management, this paper could assist policy makers in providing information for enhancing the safety and quality of food produced and consumed in Myanmar.
Abstract: Packet switched data network like Internet, which has
traditionally supported throughput sensitive applications such as email
and file transfer, is increasingly supporting delay-sensitive
multimedia applications such as interactive video. These delaysensitive
applications would often rather sacrifice some throughput
for better delay. Unfortunately, the current packet switched network
does not offer choices, but instead provides monolithic best-effort
service to all applications. This paper evaluates Class Based Queuing
(CBQ), Coordinated Earliest Deadline First (CEDF), Weighted
Switch Deficit Round Robin (WSDRR) and RED-Boston scheduling
schemes that is sensitive to delay bound expectations for variety of
real time applications and an enhancement of WSDRR is proposed.
Abstract: A generalized Dirichlet to Neumann map is
one of the main aspects characterizing a recently introduced
method for analyzing linear elliptic PDEs, through which it
became possible to couple known and unknown components
of the solution on the boundary of the domain without
solving on its interior. For its numerical solution, a well conditioned
quadratically convergent sine-Collocation method
was developed, which yielded a linear system of equations
with the diagonal blocks of its associated coefficient matrix
being point diagonal. This structural property, among others,
initiated interest for the employment of iterative methods for
its solution. In this work we present a conclusive numerical
study for the behavior of classical (Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel)
and Krylov subspace (GMRES and Bi-CGSTAB) iterative
methods when they are applied for the solution of the Dirichlet
to Neumann map associated with the Laplace-s equation
on regular polygons with the same boundary conditions on
all edges.
Abstract: A simple and easy algorithm is presented for a fast calculation of kernel functions which required in fluid simulations using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) method. Present proposed algorithm improves the Linked-list algorithm and adopts the Pair-Wise Interaction technique, which are widely used for evaluating kernel functions in fluid simulations using the SPH method. The algorithm is easy to be implemented without any complexities in programming. Some benchmark examples are used to show the simulation time saved by using the proposed algorithm. Parametric studies on the number of divisions for sub-domains, smoothing length and total amount of particles are conducted to show the effectiveness of the present technique. A compact formulation is proposed for practical usage.
Abstract: The motion of a sphere moving along the axis of a
rotating viscous fluid is studied at high Reynolds numbers and
moderate values of Taylor number. The Higher Order Compact
Scheme is used to solve the governing Navier-Stokes equations. The
equations are written in the form of Stream function, Vorticity
function and angular velocity which are highly non-linear, coupled
and elliptic partial differential equations. The flow is governed by
two parameters Reynolds number (Re) and Taylor number (T). For
very low values of Re and T, the results agree with the available
experimental and theoretical results in the literature. The results are
obtained at higher values of Re and moderate values of T and
compared with the experimental results. The results are fourth order
accurate.
Abstract: In online context, the design and implementation of
effective remote laboratories environment is highly challenging on
account of hardware and software needs. This paper presents the
remote laboratory software framework modified from ilab shared
architecture (ISA). The ISA is a framework which enables students to
remotely acccess and control experimental hardware using internet
infrastructure. The need for remote laboratories came after
experiencing problems imposed by traditional laboratories. Among
them are: the high cost of laboratory equipment, scarcity of space,
scarcity of technical personnel along with the restricted university
budget creates a significant bottleneck on building required
laboratory experiments. The solution to these problems is to build
web-accessible laboratories. Remote laboratories allow students and
educators to interact with real laboratory equipment located
anywhere in the world at anytime. Recently, many universities and
other educational institutions especially in third world countries rely
on simulations because they do not afford the experimental
equipment they require to their students. Remote laboratories enable
users to get real data from real-time hand-on experiments. To
implement many remote laboratories, the system architecture should
be flexible, understandable and easy to implement, so that different
laboratories with different hardware can be deployed easily. The
modifications were made to enable developers to add more
equipment in ISA framework and to attract the new developers to
develop many online laboratories.
Abstract: Transportation is one of the most fundamental
challenges of urban development in contemporary world. On the
other hand, sustainable urban development has received tremendous
public attention in the last few years. This trend in addition to other
factors such as energy cost, environmental concerns, traffic
congestion and the feeling of lack of belonging have contributed to
the development of pedestrian areas. The purpose of this paper is to
study the role of walkable streets in sustainable development of
cities. Accordingly, a documentary research through valid sources
has been utilized to substantiate this study. The findings demonstrate
that walking can lead to sustainable urban development from
physical, social, environmental, cultural, economic and political
aspects. Also, pedestrian areas –which are the main context of
walking- act as focal points of development in cities and have a great
effect on modifying and stimulating of their adjacent urban spaces.
Abstract: Advances in information technology, recent changes in business environment, globalization, deregulation, privatization have made running a successful business more difficult than ever before. To remain successful and to be competitive have forced companies to react to the new changes in order to survive and succeed. The implementation of an Enterprise Resource planning (ERP) system improves information flow, reduce costs, establish linkage with suppliers and reduce response time to customer needs. This paper focuses on a sample of Greek companies, investigates the ERP market in Greece, the reasons why the Greek companies are investing in ERP systems, the benefits that users have achieved and the influence of ERP systems on the use of new accounting practices. The results indicate a greater level on information integration, flexibility in information access and greater functionality provided by ERP systems but little influence on the use of new accounting practices.
Abstract: A numerical analysis of a reinforced concrete (RC) wall under missile impact loading is presented in this study. The model created by Technical Research Center of Finland was used. The commercial finite element code, LS-DYNA was used to analyze. The structural components of the reinforced concrete wall, missile and their contacts are fully modeled. The material nonlinearity with strain rate effects considering damage and failure is included in the analysis. The results of analysis were verified with other research results. The case-studies with different reinforcement ratios were conducted to investigate the influence of reinforcement on the punching behavior of walls under missile impact.
Abstract: In field of Computer Science and Mathematics,
sorting algorithm is an algorithm that puts elements of a list in a
certain order i.e. ascending or descending. Sorting is perhaps the
most widely studied problem in computer science and is frequently
used as a benchmark of a system-s performance. This paper
presented the comparative performance study of four sorting
algorithms on different platform. For each machine, it is found that
the algorithm depends upon the number of elements to be sorted. In
addition, as expected, results show that the relative performance of
the algorithms differed on the various machines. So, algorithm
performance is dependent on data size and there exists impact of
hardware also.
Abstract: It is by reason of the unified measure of varieties of resources and the unified processing of the disposal of varieties of resources, that these closely related three of new basic models called the resources assembled node and the disposition integrated node as well as the intelligent organizing node are put forth in this paper; the three closely related quantities of integrative analytical mechanics including the disposal intensity and disposal- weighted intensity as well as the charge of resource charge are set; and then the resources assembled space and the disposition integrated space as well as the intelligent organizing space are put forth. The system of fundamental equations and model of complete factor synergetics is preliminarily approached for the general situation in this paper, to form the analytical base of complete factor synergetics. By the essential variables constituting this system of equations we should set twenty variables respectively with relation to the essential dynamical effect, external synergetic action and internal synergetic action of the system.
Abstract: Software maintenance is extremely important activity in software development life cycle. It involves a lot of human efforts, cost and time. Software maintenance may be further subdivided into different activities such as fault prediction, fault detection, fault prevention, fault correction etc. This topic has gained substantial attention due to sophisticated and complex applications, commercial hardware, clustered architecture and artificial intelligence. In this paper we surveyed the work done in the field of software maintenance. Software fault prediction has been studied in context of fault prone modules, self healing systems, developer information, maintenance models etc. Still a lot of things like modeling and weightage of impact of different kind of faults in the various types of software systems need to be explored in the field of fault severity.
Abstract: In industry, on of the most important subjects is die
and it's characteristics in which for cutting and forming different
mechanical pieces, various punch and matrix metal die are used.
whereas the common parts which form the main frame die are not
often proportion with pieces and dies therefore using a part as socalled
common part for frames in specified dimension ranges can
decrease the time of designing, occupied space of warehouse and
manufacturing costs. Parts in dies with getting uniform in their shape
and dimension make common parts of dies. Common parts of punch
and matrix metal die are as bolster, guide bush, guide pillar and
shank. In this paper the common parts and effective parameters in
selecting each of them as the primary information are studied,
afterward for selection and design of mechanical parts an
introduction and investigation based on the Mech. Desk. software is
done hence with developing this software can standardize the metal
common parts of punch and matrix. These studies will be so useful
for designer in their designing and also using it has with very much
advantage for manufactures of products in decreasing occupied
spaces by dies.
Abstract: Pulse code modulation is a widespread technique
in digital communication with significant impact on existing
modern and proposed future communication technologies. Its
widespread utilization is due to its simplicity and attractive
spectral characteristics. In this paper, we present a new
approach to the spectral analysis of PCM signals using
Riemann-Stieltjes integrals, which is very accurate for high bit
rates. This approach can serve as a model for similar spectral
analysis of other competing modulation schemes.
Abstract: The paper presents the results of theoretical and
numerical modeling of propagation of shock waves in bubbly liquids
related to nonlinear effects (realistic equation of state, chemical
reactions, two-dimensional effects). On the basis on the Rankine-
Hugoniot equations the problem of determination of parameters of
passing and reflected shock waves in gas-liquid medium for
isothermal, adiabatic and shock compression of the gas component is
solved by using the wide-range equation of state of water in the
analitic form. The phenomenon of shock wave intensification is
investigated in the channel of variable cross section for the
propagation of a shock wave in the liquid filled with bubbles
containing chemically active gases. The results of modeling of the
wave impulse impact on the solid wall covered with bubble layer are
presented.
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to analyze and compare the instability of a contact surface between Copper and Nickel an alloy cathode in vacuum, the different ratio of Copper and Copper were conducted at 1%, 2% and 4% by using the cathode spot model. The transient recovery voltage is predicted. The cathode spot region is recognized as the collisionless space charge sheath connected with singly ionized collisional plasma. It was found that the transient voltage is decreased with increasing the percentage of an amount of Nickel in cathode materials.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate the
performance of the developed two point block method designed for
two processors for solving directly non stiff large systems of higher
order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The method calculates
the numerical solution at two points simultaneously and produces
two new equally spaced solution values within a block and it is
possible to assign the computational tasks at each time step to a
single processor. The algorithm of the method was developed in C
language and the parallel computation was done on a parallel shared
memory environment. Numerical results are given to compare the
efficiency of the developed method to the sequential timing. For
large problems, the parallel implementation produced 1.95 speed-up
and 98% efficiency for the two processors.
Abstract: One of the biggest drawbacks of the wireless
environment is the limited bandwidth. However, the users sharing
this limited bandwidth have been increasing considerably. SDMA
technique which entails using directional antennas allows to increase
the capacity of a wireless network by separating users in the medium.
In this paper, it has been presented how the capacity can be enhanced
while the mean delay is reduced by using directional antennas in
wireless networks employing TDMA/FDD MAC. Computer
modeling and simulation of the wireless system studied are realized
using OPNET Modeler. Preliminary simulation results are presented
and the performance of the model using directional antennas is
evaluated and compared consistently with the one using
omnidirectional antennas.
Abstract: Intercropping is one of the sustainable agricultural
factors. The SPAD meter can be used to predict nitrogen index
reliably, it may also be a useful tool for assessing the relative impact
of weeds on crops. In order to study the effect of weeds on SPAD in
corn (Zea mays L.), sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and borage
(Borago officinalis L.) in intercropping system, a factorial experiment
was conducted in three replications in 2011. Experimental factors
were included intercropping of corn with sweet basil and borage in
different ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 corn: borage or
sweet basil) and weed infestation (weed control and weed
interference). The results showed that intercropping of corn with
sweet basil and borage increased the SPAD value of corn compare to
monoculture in weed interference condition. Sweet basil SPAD value
in weed control treatments (43.66) was more than weed interference
treatments (40.17). Corn could increase the borage SPAD value
compare to monoculture in weed interference treatments.
Abstract: In this paper, we investigate a blind channel estimation method for Multi-carrier CDMA systems that use a subspace decomposition technique. This technique exploits the orthogonality property between the noise subspace and the received user codes to obtain channel of each user. In the past we used Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) technique but SVD have most computational complexity so in this paper use a new algorithm called URV Decomposition, which serve as an intermediary between the QR decomposition and SVD, replaced in SVD technique to track the noise space of the received data. Because of the URV decomposition has almost the same estimation performance as the SVD, but has less computational complexity.