Transportation is one of the most fundamental
challenges of urban development in contemporary world. On the
other hand, sustainable urban development has received tremendous
public attention in the last few years. This trend in addition to other
factors such as energy cost, environmental concerns, traffic
congestion and the feeling of lack of belonging have contributed to
the development of pedestrian areas. The purpose of this paper is to
study the role of walkable streets in sustainable development of
cities. Accordingly, a documentary research through valid sources
has been utilized to substantiate this study. The findings demonstrate
that walking can lead to sustainable urban development from
physical, social, environmental, cultural, economic and political
aspects. Also, pedestrian areas –which are the main context of
walking- act as focal points of development in cities and have a great
effect on modifying and stimulating of their adjacent urban spaces.
[1] J. Pakzad, Design Guideline of Urban Spaces in Iran. Tehran: Payam
Sima Design & Publish Co., 2005, p. 271.
[2] http://spacing.ca/ped-dylan01.htm, 09/05/2009.
[3] P. Buchanan, "What City? A plea for place in the public realm",
Architectural Review, ,no. 1101, pp. 31-41, 1988.
[4] http://www.uan.ir/news, 28/06/2006.
[5] K. Uhlig, Pedestrian Areas; From Malls to Complete Networks.
Architecture Book Publishing Co., Inc., 1979, p. 6.
[6] M. Southworth, E. Ben-Joseph, Streets and the Shaping of Towns and
Cities. Island Press, 2003, p. 112.
[7] M. Biddulph, "Response to Review of Home Zones: A Planning and
Design Handbook", Children, Youth and Environments, vol.14, no. 1,
2004.
[8] D. Engwicht. Street Reclaiming, Creating Liveable Streets and Vibrant
Communities. British Columbia: New Society Publishers, 1999, p. 19.
[9] K. Lynch. The Image of the City. Cambridge and London: The M.I.T.
Press, 1960, p. 96.
[10] K. Legge, "Cultural Glue: The Secret to Making Great Places", ar Public
Journal, no. 105, pp. 62-64, 2008.
[11] A.B. Jacobs. Great Streets, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1993, p. 270.
[12] R. Oldenburg. The Great Good Place: Cafes, Coffee shops, bookstores,
bars, hair salons and the other hangouts at the heart of a community,
NewYork: Marlowe & Company, 1999, p. 16.
[13] http://www.sustainablecities.org.uk/public-space, 19/06/2010.
[14] J. Gehl. Life between Building, NewYork: Van Nostrand Reinhold
Company, 1987, p. 11.
[15] ITDP (Institute for Transportation & Development). Bus Rapid Transit
for Dar es Salaam-City Centre Street Typology, 2006, pp. 5-10.
[16] CABE space. Design better streets; This way to better residential streets,
UK: Blackmore Ltd, 2009, p. 11.
[17] DETR (Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions). By
Design, Urban design in the planning system: Towards better practice,
UK, 2000, p. 26.
[18] http://www.vtpi.org/tdm/tdm92.htm, 18/10/2008.
[19] http://www.architectureweek.com/2004/0505/building_1-2.html,
01/09/2009.
[20] http://www.culturechange.org/issue14/pedestrianmall.html, 15/11/2005.
[21] http://www.code-co.com/utah/code/04/10-15.htm, 24/12/2005.
[22] http:// www.nelsonnygaard.com, 25/08/2006.
[23] M. Carmona, T. Heath, T. Oc, and S. Tiesdell. Public Places- Urban
Spaces, Amesterdam & Others: Architectural Press, 2003, p. 75.
[24] D. Gazzard. "The Peoples Promenade", in Webber, P. ed. The Design of
Sydney: Three decades of change in the city center, Sydney: Law Book
Company, 1998.
[25] S.M., Mofidi. An introduction to sustainable urban development and
design, Tehran: Iran university of science and technology (IUST), 2005.
[26] World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common
Future, Oxford University Press, 1987, p. 8.
[27] http://www.wbcsd.ch/ (World Business Council on Sustainable
Development), 16/01/2005.
[28] http://www.hamilton.ca/NR/rdonlyres/17F43F60-27F5-456C-990C-
7620A4035DDD/0/TheVision 1992.pdf, 02/03/2005.
[29] http://avenue.org/Gov/TJPDC/sustain.html, 06/11/2004.
[30] D. Devuyst, L. Hens. Introducing & Measuring sustainable development
initiatives by local authorities in Canada & Flanders, Kluwer Academic
Publishers, 2000, p. 82.
[31] Development and renovation organization of Iran industries, "Rio
agenda: environment and development", Coordinate training, future and
quality monthly journal, no. 113, pp. 7-8, 1999.
[32] E. Salehi, "A report from sustainable development world meeting",
Shahrdariha Journal, no. 42, pp. 70-75, 2001.
[33] S.M. Mofidi. Climatic Urban Design, PH.D Thesis, Shefield university,
1997.
[34] M. Vagner, "Transportation and city development: bilateral effects of
access and development", Shahrdariha Journal, no. 41, pp. 86-88, 2001.
[35] Urban Task Force, Toward an Urban Renaissance, London: Urban Task
Force, 1999, p. 66.
[36] R. Tolley, "walk21 IV: Health, Equity & Environment", Conclusions of
walk21 IV Conf. Portland Oregon, 2003.
[37] http://www.gdrc.org/uem/sustran/key-issues.html, 11/10/2007.
[38] http://www.culturechange.org/issue14/pedestrianmall.html, 15/11/2005.
[39] http://www.sdinfo.gc.ca/reports/en/monograph2/splash.cfm, 06/04/2006.
[40] J. Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities: The failure of
modern town planning, London: Peregrine Books, 1961.
[41] http://www.walk21.com/international.htm, , 06/04/2006.
[1] J. Pakzad, Design Guideline of Urban Spaces in Iran. Tehran: Payam
Sima Design & Publish Co., 2005, p. 271.
[2] http://spacing.ca/ped-dylan01.htm, 09/05/2009.
[3] P. Buchanan, "What City? A plea for place in the public realm",
Architectural Review, ,no. 1101, pp. 31-41, 1988.
[4] http://www.uan.ir/news, 28/06/2006.
[5] K. Uhlig, Pedestrian Areas; From Malls to Complete Networks.
Architecture Book Publishing Co., Inc., 1979, p. 6.
[6] M. Southworth, E. Ben-Joseph, Streets and the Shaping of Towns and
Cities. Island Press, 2003, p. 112.
[7] M. Biddulph, "Response to Review of Home Zones: A Planning and
Design Handbook", Children, Youth and Environments, vol.14, no. 1,
2004.
[8] D. Engwicht. Street Reclaiming, Creating Liveable Streets and Vibrant
Communities. British Columbia: New Society Publishers, 1999, p. 19.
[9] K. Lynch. The Image of the City. Cambridge and London: The M.I.T.
Press, 1960, p. 96.
[10] K. Legge, "Cultural Glue: The Secret to Making Great Places", ar Public
Journal, no. 105, pp. 62-64, 2008.
[11] A.B. Jacobs. Great Streets, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1993, p. 270.
[12] R. Oldenburg. The Great Good Place: Cafes, Coffee shops, bookstores,
bars, hair salons and the other hangouts at the heart of a community,
NewYork: Marlowe & Company, 1999, p. 16.
[13] http://www.sustainablecities.org.uk/public-space, 19/06/2010.
[14] J. Gehl. Life between Building, NewYork: Van Nostrand Reinhold
Company, 1987, p. 11.
[15] ITDP (Institute for Transportation & Development). Bus Rapid Transit
for Dar es Salaam-City Centre Street Typology, 2006, pp. 5-10.
[16] CABE space. Design better streets; This way to better residential streets,
UK: Blackmore Ltd, 2009, p. 11.
[17] DETR (Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions). By
Design, Urban design in the planning system: Towards better practice,
UK, 2000, p. 26.
[18] http://www.vtpi.org/tdm/tdm92.htm, 18/10/2008.
[19] http://www.architectureweek.com/2004/0505/building_1-2.html,
01/09/2009.
[20] http://www.culturechange.org/issue14/pedestrianmall.html, 15/11/2005.
[21] http://www.code-co.com/utah/code/04/10-15.htm, 24/12/2005.
[22] http:// www.nelsonnygaard.com, 25/08/2006.
[23] M. Carmona, T. Heath, T. Oc, and S. Tiesdell. Public Places- Urban
Spaces, Amesterdam & Others: Architectural Press, 2003, p. 75.
[24] D. Gazzard. "The Peoples Promenade", in Webber, P. ed. The Design of
Sydney: Three decades of change in the city center, Sydney: Law Book
Company, 1998.
[25] S.M., Mofidi. An introduction to sustainable urban development and
design, Tehran: Iran university of science and technology (IUST), 2005.
[26] World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common
Future, Oxford University Press, 1987, p. 8.
[27] http://www.wbcsd.ch/ (World Business Council on Sustainable
Development), 16/01/2005.
[28] http://www.hamilton.ca/NR/rdonlyres/17F43F60-27F5-456C-990C-
7620A4035DDD/0/TheVision 1992.pdf, 02/03/2005.
[29] http://avenue.org/Gov/TJPDC/sustain.html, 06/11/2004.
[30] D. Devuyst, L. Hens. Introducing & Measuring sustainable development
initiatives by local authorities in Canada & Flanders, Kluwer Academic
Publishers, 2000, p. 82.
[31] Development and renovation organization of Iran industries, "Rio
agenda: environment and development", Coordinate training, future and
quality monthly journal, no. 113, pp. 7-8, 1999.
[32] E. Salehi, "A report from sustainable development world meeting",
Shahrdariha Journal, no. 42, pp. 70-75, 2001.
[33] S.M. Mofidi. Climatic Urban Design, PH.D Thesis, Shefield university,
1997.
[34] M. Vagner, "Transportation and city development: bilateral effects of
access and development", Shahrdariha Journal, no. 41, pp. 86-88, 2001.
[35] Urban Task Force, Toward an Urban Renaissance, London: Urban Task
Force, 1999, p. 66.
[36] R. Tolley, "walk21 IV: Health, Equity & Environment", Conclusions of
walk21 IV Conf. Portland Oregon, 2003.
[37] http://www.gdrc.org/uem/sustran/key-issues.html, 11/10/2007.
[38] http://www.culturechange.org/issue14/pedestrianmall.html, 15/11/2005.
[39] http://www.sdinfo.gc.ca/reports/en/monograph2/splash.cfm, 06/04/2006.
[40] J. Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities: The failure of
modern town planning, London: Peregrine Books, 1961.
[41] http://www.walk21.com/international.htm, , 06/04/2006.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:63245", author = "Khashayar Kashani Jou", title = "Pedestrian Areas and Sustainable Development", abstract = "Transportation is one of the most fundamental
challenges of urban development in contemporary world. On the
other hand, sustainable urban development has received tremendous
public attention in the last few years. This trend in addition to other
factors such as energy cost, environmental concerns, traffic
congestion and the feeling of lack of belonging have contributed to
the development of pedestrian areas. The purpose of this paper is to
study the role of walkable streets in sustainable development of
cities. Accordingly, a documentary research through valid sources
has been utilized to substantiate this study. The findings demonstrate
that walking can lead to sustainable urban development from
physical, social, environmental, cultural, economic and political
aspects. Also, pedestrian areas –which are the main context of
walking- act as focal points of development in cities and have a great
effect on modifying and stimulating of their adjacent urban spaces.", keywords = "Pedestrian area, Sustainable urban development,
Walking, Woonerf", volume = "5", number = "5", pages = "256-8", }
