Abstract: The quantum mechanics simulation was applied for
calculating the interaction force between 2 molecules based on atomic level. For the simple extractive distillation system, it is ternary
components consisting of 2 closed boiling point components (A,lower boiling point and B, higher boiling point) and solvent (S). The
quantum mechanics simulation was used to calculate the intermolecular force (interaction force) between the closed boiling
point components and solvents consisting of intermolecular between
A-S and B-S.
The requirement of the promising solvent for extractive distillation
is that solvent (S) has to form stronger intermolecular force with only
one component than the other component (A or B). In this study, the
systems of aromatic-aromatic, aromatic-cycloparaffin, and paraffindiolefin
systems were selected as the demonstration for solvent
selection. This study defined new term using for screening the solvents called relative interaction force which is calculated from the
quantum mechanics simulation. The results showed that relative
interaction force gave the good agreement with the literature data
(relative volatilities from the experiment). The reasons are discussed. Finally, this study suggests that quantum mechanics results can improve the relative volatility estimation for screening the solvents leading to reduce time and money consuming
Abstract: Power system stabilizers (PSS) are now routinely used in the industry to damp out power system oscillations. In this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is applied to design a robust power system stabilizer (PSS). The design problem of the proposed controller is formulated as an optimization problem and PSO is employed to search for optimal controller parameters. By minimizing the time-domain based objective function, in which the deviation in the oscillatory rotor speed of the generator is involved; stability performance of the system is improved. The non-linear simulation results are presented under wide range of operating conditions; disturbances at different locations as well as for various fault clearing sequences to show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller and their ability to provide efficient damping of low frequency oscillations. Further, all the simulations results are compared with a conventionally designed power system stabilizer to show the superiority of the proposed design approach.
Abstract: In recent years Operational Transconductance Amplifier based high frequency integrated circuits, filters and systems have been widely investigated. The usefulness of OTAs over conventional OP-Amps in the design of both first order and second order active filters are well documented. This paper discusses some of the tunability issues using the Matlab/Simulink® software which are previously unreported for any commercial OTA. Using the simulation results two first order voltage controlled all pass filters with phase tuning capability are proposed.
Abstract: The Institute of Product Development is dealing
with the development, design and dimensioning of micro components
and systems as a member of the Collaborative Research
Centre 499 “Design, Production and Quality Assurance of
Molded micro components made of Metallic and Ceramic Materials".
Because of technological restrictions in the miniaturization
of conventional manufacturing techniques, shape and
material deviations cannot be scaled down in the same proportion
as the micro parts, rendering components with relatively
wide tolerance fields. Systems that include such components
should be designed with this particularity in mind, often requiring
large clearance. On the end, the output of such systems
results variable and prone to dynamical instability. To save
production time and resources, every study of these effects
should happen early in the product development process and
base on computer simulation to avoid costly prototypes. A
suitable method is proposed here and exemplary applied to a
micro technology demonstrator developed by the CRC499. It
consists of a one stage planetary gear train in a sun-planet-ring
configuration, with input through the sun gear and output
through the carrier. The simulation procedure relies on ordinary
Multi Body Simulation methods and subsequently adds
other techniques to further investigate details of the system-s
behavior and to predict its response. The selection of the relevant
parameters and output functions followed the engineering
standards for regular sized gear trains. The first step is to
quantify the variability and to reveal the most critical points of
the system, performed through a whole-mechanism Sensitivity
Analysis. Due to the lack of previous knowledge about the system-s
behavior, different DOE methods involving small and
large amount of experiments were selected to perform the SA.
In this particular case the parameter space can be divided into
two well defined groups, one of them containing the gear-s profile
information and the other the components- spatial location.
This has been exploited to explore the different DOE techniques
more promptly. A reduced set of parameters is derived for
further investigation and to feed the final optimization process,
whether as optimization parameters or as external perturbation
collective. The 10 most relevant perturbation factors and 4 to 6
prospective variable parameters are considered in a new, simplified
model. All of the parameters are affected by the mentioned
production variability. The objective functions of interest
are based on scalar output-s variability measures, so the
problem becomes an optimization under robustness and reliability constrains. The study shows an initial step on the development
path of a method to design and optimize complex micro
mechanisms composed of wide tolerated elements accounting
for the robustness and reliability of the systems- output.
Abstract: Utilization of various sensors has made it possible to
extend capabilities of industrial robots. Among these are vision
sensors that are used for providing visual information to assist robot
controllers. This paper presents a method of integrating a vision
system and a simulation program with an industrial robot. The vision
system is employed to detect a target object and compute its location
in the robot environment. Then, the target object-s information is sent
to the robot controller via parallel communication port. The robot
controller uses the extracted object information and the simulation
program to control the robot arm for approaching, grasping and
relocating the object. This paper presents technical details of system
components and describes the methodology used for this integration.
It also provides a case study to prove the validity of the methodology
developed.
Abstract: Heating systems are a necessity for regions which
brace extreme cold weather throughout the year. To maintain a comfortable temperature inside a given place, heating systems
making use of- Hydronic boilers- are used. The principle of a single
pipe system serves as a base for their working. It is mandatory for these heating systems to control the room temperature, thus
maintaining a warm environment. In this paper, the concept of regulation of the room temperature over a wide range is established
by using an Adaptive Fuzzy Controller (AFC). This fuzzy controller automatically detects the changes in the outside temperatures and
correspondingly maintains the inside temperature to a palatial value. Two separate AFC's are put to use to carry out this function: one to
determine the quantity of heat needed to reach the prospective temperature required and to set the desired temperature; the other to control the position of the valve, which is directly proportional to the
error between the present room temperature and the user desired temperature. The fuzzy logic controls the position of the valve as per
the requirement of the heat. The amount by which the valve opens or closes is controlled by 5 knob positions, which vary from minimum to maximum, thereby regulating the amount of heat flowing through the valve. For the given test system data, different de-fuzzifier
methods have been implemented and the results are compared. In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a fuzzy controller has been designed by obtaining a test data from a real time
system. The simulations are performed in MATLAB and are verified with standard system data. The proposed approach can be implemented for real time applications.
Abstract: This paper focuses on reducing the power consumption
of wireless sensor networks. Therefore, a communication protocol
named LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is modified.
We extend LEACHs stochastic cluster-head selection algorithm
by a modifying the probability of each node to become cluster-head
based on its required energy to transmit to the sink. We present
an efficient energy aware routing algorithm for the wireless sensor
networks. Our contribution consists in rotation selection of clusterheads
considering the remoteness of the nodes to the sink, and then,
the network nodes residual energy. This choice allows a best distribution
of the transmission energy in the network. The cluster-heads
selection algorithm is completely decentralized. Simulation results
show that the energy is significantly reduced compared with the
previous clustering based routing algorithm for the sensor networks.
Abstract: This paper proposes an efficient method to classify
inverse synthetic aperture (ISAR) images. Because ISAR images can
be translated and rotated in the 2-dimensional image place, invariance
to the two factors is indispensable for successful classification. The
proposed method achieves invariance to translation and rotation of
ISAR images using a combination of two-dimensional Fourier
transform, polar mapping and correlation-based alignment of the
image. Classification is conducted using a simple matching score
classifier. In simulations using the real ISAR images of five scaled
models measured in a compact range, the proposed method yields
classification ratios higher than 97 %.
Abstract: This paper proposes an architecture of dynamically
reconfigurable arithmetic circuit. Dynamic reconfiguration is a
technique to realize required functions by changing hardware
construction during operations. The proposed circuit is based on a
complex number multiply-accumulation circuit which is used
frequently in the field of digital signal processing. In addition, the
proposed circuit performs real number double precision arithmetic
operations. The data formats are single and double precision floating
point number based on IEEE754. The proposed circuit is designed
using VHDL, and verified the correct operation by simulations and
experiments.
Abstract: Renewable energy resources are inexhaustible, clean as compared with conventional resources. Also, it is used to supply regions with no grid, no telephone lines, and often with difficult accessibility by common transport. Satellite earth stations which located in remote areas are the most important application of renewable energy. Neural control is a branch of the general field of intelligent control, which is based on the concept of artificial intelligence. This paper presents the mathematical modeling of satellite earth station power system which is required for simulating the system.Aswan is selected to be the site under consideration because it is a rich region with solar energy. The complete power system is simulated using MATLAB–SIMULINK.An artificial neural network (ANN) based model has been developed for the optimum operation of earth station power system. An ANN is trained using a back propagation with Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The best validation performance is obtained for minimum mean square error. The regression between the network output and the corresponding target is equal to 96% which means a high accuracy. Neural network controller architecture gives satisfactory results with small number of neurons, hence better in terms of memory and time are required for NNC implementation. The results indicate that the proposed control unit using ANN can be successfully used for controlling the satellite earth station power system.
Abstract: Stress-strain curve of inter-tube connected carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polymer composite under axial loading generated from molecular dynamics simulation is presented. Comparison of the response to axial mechanical loading between this composite system with composite systems reinforced by long, continuous CNTs (replicated via periodic boundary conditions) and short, discontinuous CNTs has been made. Simulation results showed that the inter-tube connection improved the mechanical properties of short discontinuous CNTs dramatically. Though still weaker than long CNT/polymer composite, more remarkable increase in the stiffness relative to the polymer was observed in the inter-tube connected CNT/polymer composite than in the discontinuous CNT/polymer composite. The manually introduced bridge break process resulted in a stress-strain curve of ductile fracture mode, which is consistent with the experimental result.
Abstract: Modeling and vibration of a flexible link manipulator
with tow flexible links and rigid joints are investigated which can
include an arbitrary number of flexible links. Hamilton principle and
finite element approach is proposed to model the dynamics of
flexible manipulators. The links are assumed to be deflection due to
bending. The association between elastic displacements of links is
investigated, took into account the coupling effects of elastic motion
and rigid motion. Flexible links are treated as Euler-Bernoulli beams
and the shear deformation is thus abandoned. The dynamic behavior
due to flexibility of links is well demonstrated through numerical
simulation. The rigid-body motion and elastic deformations are
separated by linearizing the equations of motion around the rigid
body reference path. Simulation results are shown on for both
position and force trajectory tracking tasks in the presence of varying
parameters and unknown dynamics remarkably well. The proposed
method can be used in both dynamic simulation and controller
design.
Abstract: Markov games are a generalization of Markov
decision process to a multi-agent setting. Two-player zero-sum
Markov game framework offers an effective platform for designing
robust controllers. This paper presents two novel controller design
algorithms that use ideas from game-theory literature to produce
reliable controllers that are able to maintain performance in presence
of noise and parameter variations. A more widely used approach for
controller design is the H∞ optimal control, which suffers from high
computational demand and at times, may be infeasible. Our approach
generates an optimal control policy for the agent (controller) via a
simple Linear Program enabling the controller to learn about the
unknown environment. The controller is facing an unknown
environment, and in our formulation this environment corresponds to
the behavior rules of the noise modeled as the opponent. Proposed
controller architectures attempt to improve controller reliability by a
gradual mixing of algorithmic approaches drawn from the game
theory literature and the Minimax-Q Markov game solution
approach, in a reinforcement-learning framework. We test the
proposed algorithms on a simulated Inverted Pendulum Swing-up
task and compare its performance against standard Q learning.
Abstract: The nonlinear chaotic non-autonomous fourth order
system is algebraically simple but can generate complex chaotic
attractors. In this paper, non-autonomous fourth order chaotic
oscillator circuits were designed and simulated. Also chaotic nonautonomous
Attractor is addressed suitable for chaotic masking
communication circuits using Matlab® and MultiSIM® programs.
We have demonstrated in simulations that chaos can be synchronized
and applied to signal masking communications. We suggest that this
phenomenon of chaos synchronism may serve as the basis for little
known chaotic non-autonomous Attractor to achieve signal masking
communication applications. Simulation results are used to visualize
and illustrate the effectiveness of non-autonomous chaotic system in
signal masking. All simulations results performed on nonautonomous
chaotic system are verify the applicable of secure
communication.
Abstract: The double exponential model (DEM), or Laplace
distribution, is used in various disciplines. However, there are issues
related to the construction of confidence intervals (CI), when using
the distribution.In this paper, the properties of DEM are considered
with intention of constructing CI based on simulated data. The
analysis of pivotal equations for the models here in comparisons with
pivotal equations for normal distribution are performed, and the
results obtained from simulation data are presented.
Abstract: A mobile ad hoc network is a network of mobile nodes
without any notion of centralized administration. In such a network,
each mobile node behaves not only as a host which runs applications
but also as a router to forward packets on behalf of others. Clustering
has been applied to routing protocols to achieve efficient
communications. A CH network expresses the connected relationship
among cluster-heads. This paper discusses the methods for
constructing a CH network, and produces the following results: (1)
The required running costs of 3 traditional methods for constructing a
CH network are not so different from each other in the static
circumstance, or in the dynamic circumstance. Their running costs in
the static circumstance do not differ from their costs in the dynamic
circumstance. Meanwhile, although the routing costs required for the
above 3 methods are not so different in the static circumstance, the
costs are considerably different from each other in the dynamic
circumstance. Their routing costs in the static circumstance are also
very different from their costs in the dynamic circumstance, and the
former is one tenths of the latter. The routing cost in the dynamic
circumstance is mostly the cost for re-routing. (2) On the strength of
the above results, we discuss new 2 methods regarding whether they
are tolerable or not in the dynamic circumstance, that is, whether the
times of re-routing are small or not. These new methods are revised
methods that are based on the traditional methods. We recommended
the method which produces the smallest routing cost in the dynamic
circumstance, therefore producing the smallest total cost.
Abstract: A compact 1x3 power splitter based on Photonic
Crystal Waveguides (PCW) with flexible power splitting ratio is
presented in this paper. Multimode interference coupler (MMI) is
integrated with PCW. The device size reduction compared with the
conventional MMI power splitter is attributed to the large dispersion
of the PCW. Band Solve tool is used to calculate the band structure of
PCW. Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method is adopted to
simulate the relevant structure at 1550nm wavelength. The device is
polarization insensitive and allows the control of output (o/p) powers
within certain percentage points for both polarizations.
Abstract: Fuzzy controllers are potential candidates for the
control of nonlinear, time variant and also complicated systems. Anti
lock brake system (ABS) which is a nonlinear system, may not be
easily controlled by classical control methods. An intelligent Fuzzy
control method is very useful for this kind of nonlinear system. A
typical antilock brake system (ABS) by sensing the wheel lockup,
releases the brakes for a short period of time, and then reapplies again
the brakes when the wheel spins up. In this paper, an intelligent fuzzy
ABS controller is designed to adjust slipping performance for variety
of roads. There are tow major sections in the proposing control
system. First section consists of tow Fuzzy-Logic Controllers (FLC)
providing optimal brake torque for both front and rear wheels.
Second section which is also a FLC provides required amount of slip
and torque references properties for different kind of roads.
Simulation results of our proposed intelligent ABS for three different
kinds of road show more reliable and better performance in compare
with two other break systems.
Abstract: The two cart inverted pendulum system is a good
bench mark for testing the performance of system dynamics and
control engineering principles. Devasia introduced this system to
study the asymptotic tracking problem for nonlinear systems. In this
paper the problem of asymptotic tracking of the two-cart with an
inverted-pendulum system to a sinusoidal reference inputs via
introducing a novel method for solving finite-horizon nonlinear
optimal control problems is presented. In this method, an iterative
method applied to state dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) to obtain
a reliable algorithm. The superiority of this technique has been shown
by simulation and comparison with the nonlinear approach.