Abstract: This paper presents a new method for read out of the piezoresistive accelerometer sensors. The circuit works based on Instrumentation amplifier and it is useful for reducing offset In Wheatstone Bridge. The obtained gain is 645 with 1μv/°c Equivalent drift and 1.58mw power consumption. A Schmitt trigger and multiplexer circuit control output node. a high speed counter is designed in this work .the proposed circuit is designed and simulated In 0.18μm CMOS technology with 1.8v power supply.
Abstract: Based on general proportional integral (GPI) observers and sliding mode control technique, a robust control method is proposed for the master-slave synchronization of chaotic systems in the presence of parameter uncertainty and with partially measurable output signal. By using GPI observer, the master dynamics are reconstructed by the observations from a measurable output under the differential algebraic framework. Driven by the signals provided by GPI observer, a sliding mode control technique is used for the tracking control and synchronization of the master-slave dynamics. The convincing numerical results reveal the proposed method is effective, and successfully accommodate the system uncertainties, disturbances, and noisy corruptions.
Abstract: This paper investigates the application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique for coordinated design of a Power System Stabilizer (PSS) and a Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC)-based controller to enhance the power system stability. The design problem of PSS and TCSC-based controllers is formulated as a time domain based optimization problem. PSO algorithm is employed to search for optimal controller parameters. By minimizing the time-domain based objective function, in which the deviation in the oscillatory rotor speed of the generator is involved; stability performance of the system is improved. To compare the capability of PSS and TCSC-based controller, both are designed independently first and then in a coordinated manner for individual and coordinated application. The proposed controllers are tested on a weakly connected power system. The eigenvalue analysis and non-linear simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the coordinated design approach over individual design. The simulation results show that the proposed controllers are effective in damping low frequency oscillations resulting from various small disturbances like change in mechanical power input and reference voltage setting.
Abstract: In this paper sensitivity analysis is performed for
reliability evaluation of power systems. When examining the
reliability of a system, it is useful to recognize how results
change as component parameters are varied. This knowledge
helps engineers to understand the impact of poor data, and
gives insight on how reliability can be improved. For these
reasons, a sensitivity analysis can be performed. Finally, a real
network was used for testing the presented method.
Abstract: The paper discusses optimising work on a method of processing ceramic / metal composite coatings for various applications and is based on preliminary work on processing anodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The composite coating is manufactured by the electroless co-deposition of nickel and yttria stabilised zirconia (YSZ) simultaneously on to a ceramic substrate. The effect on coating characteristics of substrate surface treatments and electroless nickel bath parameters such as pH and agitation methods are also investigated. Characterisation of the resulting deposit by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) is also discussed.
Abstract: Microstrip lines, widely used for good reason, are
broadband in frequency and provide circuits that are compact and
light in weight. They are generally economical to produce since they
are readily adaptable to hybrid and monolithic integrated circuit (IC)
fabrication technologies at RF and microwave frequencies. Although,
the existing EM simulation models used for the synthesis and
analysis of microstrip lines are reasonably accurate, they are
computationally intensive and time consuming. Neural networks
recently gained attention as fast and flexible vehicles to microwave
modeling, simulation and optimization. After learning and
abstracting from microwave data, through a process called training,
neural network models are used during microwave design to provide
instant answers to the task learned.This paper presents simple and
accurate ANN models for the synthesis and analysis of Microstrip
lines to more accurately compute the characteristic parameters and
the physical dimensions respectively for the required design
specifications.
Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition
which affects 2-3% of population around the world. Psoriasis Area
and Severity Index (PASI) is a gold standard to assess psoriasis
severity as well as the treatment efficacy. Although a gold standard,
PASI is rarely used because it is tedious and complex. In practice,
PASI score is determined subjectively by dermatologists, therefore
inter and intra variations of assessment are possible to happen even
among expert dermatologists. This research develops an algorithm to
assess psoriasis lesion for PASI scoring objectively. Focus of this
research is thickness assessment as one of PASI four parameters
beside area, erythema and scaliness. Psoriasis lesion thickness is
measured by averaging the total elevation from lesion base to lesion
surface. Thickness values of 122 3D images taken from 39 patients
are grouped into 4 PASI thickness score using K-means clustering.
Validation on lesion base construction is performed using twelve
body curvature models and show good result with coefficient of
determinant (R2) is equal to 1.
Abstract: The exact gain shape profile of erbium doped fiber
amplifiers (EDFA`s) are depends on fiber length and Er3 ion
densities. This paper optimized several of erbium doped fiber
parameters to obtain high performance characteristic at pump
wavelengths of λp= 980 nm and λs= 1550 nm for three different
pump powers. The maximum gain obtained for pump powers (10, 30
and 50mw) is nearly (19, 30 and 33 dB) at optimizations. The
required numerical aperture NA to obtain maximum gain becomes
less when pump power increased. The amplifier gain is increase
when Er+3doped near the center of the fiber core. The simulation has
been done by using optisystem 5.0 software (CAD for Photonics, a
license product of a Canadian based company) at 2.5 Gbps.
Abstract: Traditional Javanese classic dance is a valuable
inheritance in Java Indonesia. Nowadays, this treasure of culture is
no longer belonging to Javanese people only. Many art departments
from universities around the world already put this as a subject in
their curriculum. Nonetheless, dance is a practical skill. It needs to be
practices so often while accompanied by an instructor to get the right
technique. An interactive Computer Aided Instruction (iCAI) that can
interactively assist the student to practice is developed. By using this
software students can conduct a self practice in studio and get some
feedbacks from the software. This CAI is not intended to replace the
instructor, but to assist them in increasing the student fly-time in
practice.
Abstract: A direct adaptive controller for a class of unknown nonlinear discrete-time systems is presented in this article. The proposed controller is constructed by fuzzy rules emulated network (FREN). With its simple structure, the human knowledge about the plant is transferred to be if-then rules for setting the network. These adjustable parameters inside FREN are tuned by the learning mechanism with time varying step size or learning rate. The variation of learning rate is introduced by main theorem to improve the system performance and stabilization. Furthermore, the boundary of adjustable parameters is guaranteed through the on-line learning and membership functions properties. The validation of the theoretical findings is represented by some illustrated examples.
Abstract: Rounding of coefficients is a common practice in
hardware implementation of digital filters. Where some coefficients
are very close to zero or one, as assumed in this paper, this rounding
action also leads to some computation reduction. Furthermore, if the
discarded coefficient is of high order, a reduced order filter is
obtained, otherwise the order does not change but computation is
reduced. In this paper, the Least Squares approximation to rounded
(or discarded) coefficient FIR filter is investigated. The result also
succinctly extended to general type of FIR filters.
Abstract: In this paper, a new learning algorithm based on a
hybrid metaheuristic integrating Differential Evolution (DE) and
Reduced Variable Neighborhood Search (RVNS) is introduced to train
the classification method PROAFTN. To apply PROAFTN, values of
several parameters need to be determined prior to classification. These
parameters include boundaries of intervals and relative weights for
each attribute. Based on these requirements, the hybrid approach,
named DEPRO-RVNS, is presented in this study. In some cases, the
major problem when applying DE to some classification problems
was the premature convergence of some individuals to local optima.
To eliminate this shortcoming and to improve the exploration and
exploitation capabilities of DE, such individuals were set to iteratively
re-explored using RVNS. Based on the generated results on
both training and testing data, it is shown that the performance of
PROAFTN is significantly improved. Furthermore, the experimental
study shows that DEPRO-RVNS outperforms well-known machine
learning classifiers in a variety of problems.
Abstract: A dynamic of Bertrand duopoly game is analyzed, where players use different production methods and choose their prices with bounded rationality. The equilibriums of the corresponding discrete dynamical systems are investigated. The stability conditions of Nash equilibrium under a local adjustment process are studied. The stability conditions of Nash equilibrium under a local adjustment process are studied. The stability of Nash equilibrium, as some parameters of the model are varied, gives rise to complex dynamics such as cycles of higher order and chaos. On this basis, we discover that an increase of adjustment speed of bounded rational player can make Bertrand market sink into the chaotic state. Finally, the complex dynamics, bifurcations and chaos are displayed by numerical simulation.
Abstract: Estimation of runoff water quality parameters is required to determine appropriate water quality management options. Various models are used to estimate runoff water quality parameters. However, most models provide event-based estimates of water quality parameters for specific sites. The work presented in this paper describes the development of a model that continuously simulates the accumulation and wash-off of water quality pollutants in a catchment. The model allows estimation of pollutants build-up during dry periods and pollutants wash-off during storm events. The model was developed by integrating two individual models; rainfall-runoff model, and catchment water quality model. The rainfall-runoff model is based on the time-area runoff estimation method. The model allows users to estimate the time of concentration using a range of established methods. The model also allows estimation of the continuing runoff losses using any of the available estimation methods (i.e., constant, linearly varying or exponentially varying). Pollutants build-up in a catchment was represented by one of three pre-defined functions; power, exponential, or saturation. Similarly, pollutants wash-off was represented by one of three different functions; power, rating-curve, or exponential. The developed runoff water quality model was set-up to simulate the build-up and wash-off of total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN). The application of the model was demonstrated using available runoff and TSS field data from road and roof surfaces in the Gold Coast, Australia. The model provided excellent representation of the field data demonstrating the simplicity yet effectiveness of the proposed model.
Abstract: AAM has been successfully applied to face alignment,
but its performance is very sensitive to initial values. In case the initial
values are a little far distant from the global optimum values, there
exists a pretty good possibility that AAM-based face alignment may
converge to a local minimum. In this paper, we propose a progressive
AAM-based face alignment algorithm which first finds the feature
parameter vector fitting the inner facial feature points of the face and
later localize the feature points of the whole face using the first
information. The proposed progressive AAM-based face alignment
algorithm utilizes the fact that the feature points of the inner part of the
face are less variant and less affected by the background surrounding
the face than those of the outer part (like the chin contour). The
proposed algorithm consists of two stages: modeling and relation
derivation stage and fitting stage. Modeling and relation derivation
stage first needs to construct two AAM models: the inner face AAM
model and the whole face AAM model and then derive relation matrix
between the inner face AAM parameter vector and the whole face
AAM model parameter vector. In the fitting stage, the proposed
algorithm aligns face progressively through two phases. In the first
phase, the proposed algorithm will find the feature parameter vector
fitting the inner facial AAM model into a new input face image, and
then in the second phase it localizes the whole facial feature points of
the new input face image based on the whole face AAM model using
the initial parameter vector estimated from using the inner feature
parameter vector obtained in the first phase and the relation matrix
obtained in the first stage. Through experiments, it is verified that the
proposed progressive AAM-based face alignment algorithm is more
robust with respect to pose, illumination, and face background than the
conventional basic AAM-based face alignment algorithm.
Abstract: This paper investigates the effects of knowledge-based acceleration feedback control integrated with Automatic Generation Control (AGC) to enhance the quality of frequency control of governing system. The Intelligent Acceleration Feedback Controller (IAFC) is proposed to counter the over and under frequency occurrences due to major load change in power system network. Therefore, generator tripping and load shedding operations can be reduced. Meanwhile, the integration of IAFC with AGC, a well known Load-Frequency Control (LFC) is essential to ensure the system frequency is restored to the nominal value. Computer simulations of frequency response of governing system are used to optimize the parameters of IAFC. As a result, there is substantial improvement on the LFC of governing system that employing the proposed control strategy.
Abstract: An experimental study is presented on the effect
of microstructural change on the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect
behaviour of Al-2.5%Mg alloy. Tensile tests are performed on
the as received and heat treated (at 400 ºC for 16 hours)
samples for a wide range of strain rates. The serrations
observed in the stress-time curve are investigated from
statistical analysis point of view. Microstructures of the
samples are characterized by optical metallography and X-ray
diffraction. It is found that the excess vacancy generated due
to heat treatment leads to decrease in the strain rate sensitivity
and the increase in the number of stress drop occurrences per
unit time during the PLC effect. The microstructural
parameters like domain size, dislocation density have no
appreciable effect on the PLC effect as far as the statistical
behavior of the serrations is considered.
Abstract: In this study, the theoretical relationship between pressure and density was investigated on cylindrical hollow fuel briquettes produced of a mixture of fibrous biomass material using a screw press without any chemical binder. The fuel briquettes were made of biomass and other waste material such as spent coffee beans, mielie husks, saw dust and coal fines under pressures of 0.878-2.2 Mega Pascals (MPa). The material was densified into briquettes of outer diameter of 100mm, inner diameter of 35mm and 50mm long. It was observed that manual screw compression action produces briquettes of relatively low density as compared to the ones made using hydraulic compression action. The pressure and density relationship was obtained in the form of power law and compare well with other cylindrical solid briquettes made using hydraulic compression action. The produced briquettes have a dry density of 989 kg/m3 and contain 26.30% fixed carbon, 39.34% volatile matter, 10.9% moisture and 10.46% ash as per dry proximate analysis. The bomb calorimeter tests have shown the briquettes yielding a gross calorific value of 18.9MJ/kg.
Abstract: An approach for experimental measurement of the
dynamic characteristics of linear electromagnet actuators is
presented. It uses accelerometer sensor to register the armature
acceleration. The velocity and displacement of the moving parts can
be obtained by integration of the acceleration results. The armature
movement of permanent magnet linear actuator is acquired using this
technique. The results are analyzed and the performance of the
supposed approach is compared with the most commonly used
experimental setup where the displacement of the armature vs. time
is measured instead of its acceleration.
Abstract: Three novel and significant contributions are made in
this paper Firstly, non-recursive formulation of Haar connection
coefficients, pioneered by the present authors is presented, which
can be computed very efficiently and avoid stack and memory
overflows. Secondly, the generalized approach for state analysis of
singular bilinear time-invariant (TI) and time-varying (TV) systems
is presented; vis-˜a-vis diversified and complex works reported by
different authors. Thirdly, a generalized approach for parameter
estimation of bilinear TI and TV systems is also proposed. The unified
framework of the proposed method is very significant in that the
digital hardware once-designed can be used to perform the complex
tasks of state analysis and parameter estimation of different types
of bilinear systems single-handedly. The simplicity, effectiveness and
generalized nature of the proposed method is established by applying
it to different types of bilinear systems for the two tasks.