Development of a Catchment Water Quality Model for Continuous Simulations of Pollutants Build-up and Wash-off
Estimation of runoff water quality parameters is required to determine appropriate water quality management options. Various models are used to estimate runoff water quality parameters. However, most models provide event-based estimates of water quality parameters for specific sites. The work presented in this paper describes the development of a model that continuously simulates the accumulation and wash-off of water quality pollutants in a catchment. The model allows estimation of pollutants build-up during dry periods and pollutants wash-off during storm events. The model was developed by integrating two individual models; rainfall-runoff model, and catchment water quality model. The rainfall-runoff model is based on the time-area runoff estimation method. The model allows users to estimate the time of concentration using a range of established methods. The model also allows estimation of the continuing runoff losses using any of the available estimation methods (i.e., constant, linearly varying or exponentially varying). Pollutants build-up in a catchment was represented by one of three pre-defined functions; power, exponential, or saturation. Similarly, pollutants wash-off was represented by one of three different functions; power, rating-curve, or exponential. The developed runoff water quality model was set-up to simulate the build-up and wash-off of total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN). The application of the model was demonstrated using available runoff and TSS field data from road and roof surfaces in the Gold Coast, Australia. The model provided excellent representation of the field data demonstrating the simplicity yet effectiveness of the proposed model.
[1] A. O. Akan and R. J. Houghtalen, Urban hydrology, hydraulics and
stormwater quality- Engineering application and computer modelling,
New Jersey: John-Willey and sons, Inc., 2003.
[2] S. B. Shaw, M. T. Walter and T. S. Steenhius, A physical model
of particulate wash-off from rough impervious surface, Journal of
Hydrology: 327, p. 618-626, 2006.
[3] P. Egodawatta, E. Thomas and A. Gonnetilleke, Understanding the
physical processes of pollutant build-up and wash-off on roof surfaces,
Science of Total Environment: 407, p. 1834-1841, 2009.
[4] J. Vaze and F. H. S. Chew, Experimental study of pollutant accumulation
on an urban road surface, Urban Water: 4, p. 379-389, 2002.
[5] T. Kokken, H. Koivusalo, T. Karvonen and A. Lepisto, A semi-distributed
approach to rainfall-runoff modelling- aggregating responses from hydrologically
similar areas, International Congress on Modelling and
Simulation Proceedings, 1999. Modelling and Simulation Society of
Australia and New Zealand Inc.:University of Waikato, New Zealand.
[6] N. Christophersen and R. R. Wright, Sulphate budget and a model for
sulfate concentrations in stream water at Birkenes, a small forested
catchment in southern Norway, Water Resource Research: 17(2), p.
377-389, 1981.
[7] V. M. Ponce, Engineering hydrology, principles and practices, Prentice
Hall: 1989.
[8] A. R. Shokoohi, A new approach for isochrone mapping in one dimensional
flow for using in time area method, Journal of Applied Sciences:
8(3), p. 516-521, 2008.
[9] CRC for Catchment Hydrology, How much rainfall becomes runoff?: Loss
modelling for flood estimation, 1998.
[10] A. Rahman, P. E. Weinmnn, T. M. T. Hoang and E. M. Laurenson
Monte carlo simulation of flood frequency curves from rainfall, Journal
of Hydrology: 256(3-4), p. 196-210, 2002.
[11] M. Ilahee, M. A. Imteaz, Imrpoved continuing losses estimation using
initial loss-continuing loss model for medium sized rural catchments,
American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences: 2(4), p. 796-
803, 2009.
[12] D. F. Kibler, Urban stormwater hydrology, American Geophysical
Union: Washington DC, 1982.
[13] L. A. Rossman, SWMM (Stormwater Management Model) version
5 user-s manual, Washington DC: EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency), United States, 2004.
[14] R. J. Charbeneau, M. E. Barret, Evalutation of methods for estimating
stormwater pollutant loads, Water Environment Research: 70(7), pg.
1295-1302, 1998.
[15] I. E. Ball, R. Jenks and D. Aubourg An assessment of the availability
of pollutant constituents on road surfaces, Science of the Total
Environment: 209(2-3), p. 243-254, 1998.
[16] P. Egodawatta, Translation of small-plot scale pollutant build-up and
wash-off measurements to urban catchment scales, Faculty of Built Environment
and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology,2007.
[17] M. Grottker, Runoff quality from a street with medium traffic loading,
Science of the Total Environment: 59(C), p. 457-466, 1987.
[18] J. D. Sartor, G. B. Boyd and F. J. Agardy, Water pollutants aspects
of street surface contaminants, Journal of Water Pollution Control
Federation: 46(3), p. 458-467, 1974.
[19] I,E.Aust, Australian rainfall and runoff, Institute of Engineers Australia,
1998.
[20] V. A. Tsihrintzis, R. Hamid, Modelliing and management of urban
stormwater runoff quality: A review, Water Resources Management:
11(2), p. 137-164, 1997.
[21] A. B. Deletic, A. T. Maksimovic, Evaluation of water quality factors in
storm runoff from paved areas, Journal of Environmental Engineering:
124(9), p. 869-879, 1998.
[22] L. H. Kim, R. Hamid, Estimating pollutant mass accumulation on
highways during dry periods, Journal of Environmental Engineering:
132(9), p. 985-993, 2006.
[23] I. Hossain, M. A. Imteaz, Development of a deterministic catchment
water quality model, Paper presented at the "32nd Hydrology and Water
Resources Symposium", Newcastle: 2009.
[24] I. Hossain, M. Imteaz, Catchment water quality model: Sensitivity
analysis and parameter estimation, Paper presented at the "3rd European
Water and Wastewater Management Conference", 22-23 September: 2009.
[1] A. O. Akan and R. J. Houghtalen, Urban hydrology, hydraulics and
stormwater quality- Engineering application and computer modelling,
New Jersey: John-Willey and sons, Inc., 2003.
[2] S. B. Shaw, M. T. Walter and T. S. Steenhius, A physical model
of particulate wash-off from rough impervious surface, Journal of
Hydrology: 327, p. 618-626, 2006.
[3] P. Egodawatta, E. Thomas and A. Gonnetilleke, Understanding the
physical processes of pollutant build-up and wash-off on roof surfaces,
Science of Total Environment: 407, p. 1834-1841, 2009.
[4] J. Vaze and F. H. S. Chew, Experimental study of pollutant accumulation
on an urban road surface, Urban Water: 4, p. 379-389, 2002.
[5] T. Kokken, H. Koivusalo, T. Karvonen and A. Lepisto, A semi-distributed
approach to rainfall-runoff modelling- aggregating responses from hydrologically
similar areas, International Congress on Modelling and
Simulation Proceedings, 1999. Modelling and Simulation Society of
Australia and New Zealand Inc.:University of Waikato, New Zealand.
[6] N. Christophersen and R. R. Wright, Sulphate budget and a model for
sulfate concentrations in stream water at Birkenes, a small forested
catchment in southern Norway, Water Resource Research: 17(2), p.
377-389, 1981.
[7] V. M. Ponce, Engineering hydrology, principles and practices, Prentice
Hall: 1989.
[8] A. R. Shokoohi, A new approach for isochrone mapping in one dimensional
flow for using in time area method, Journal of Applied Sciences:
8(3), p. 516-521, 2008.
[9] CRC for Catchment Hydrology, How much rainfall becomes runoff?: Loss
modelling for flood estimation, 1998.
[10] A. Rahman, P. E. Weinmnn, T. M. T. Hoang and E. M. Laurenson
Monte carlo simulation of flood frequency curves from rainfall, Journal
of Hydrology: 256(3-4), p. 196-210, 2002.
[11] M. Ilahee, M. A. Imteaz, Imrpoved continuing losses estimation using
initial loss-continuing loss model for medium sized rural catchments,
American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences: 2(4), p. 796-
803, 2009.
[12] D. F. Kibler, Urban stormwater hydrology, American Geophysical
Union: Washington DC, 1982.
[13] L. A. Rossman, SWMM (Stormwater Management Model) version
5 user-s manual, Washington DC: EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency), United States, 2004.
[14] R. J. Charbeneau, M. E. Barret, Evalutation of methods for estimating
stormwater pollutant loads, Water Environment Research: 70(7), pg.
1295-1302, 1998.
[15] I. E. Ball, R. Jenks and D. Aubourg An assessment of the availability
of pollutant constituents on road surfaces, Science of the Total
Environment: 209(2-3), p. 243-254, 1998.
[16] P. Egodawatta, Translation of small-plot scale pollutant build-up and
wash-off measurements to urban catchment scales, Faculty of Built Environment
and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology,2007.
[17] M. Grottker, Runoff quality from a street with medium traffic loading,
Science of the Total Environment: 59(C), p. 457-466, 1987.
[18] J. D. Sartor, G. B. Boyd and F. J. Agardy, Water pollutants aspects
of street surface contaminants, Journal of Water Pollution Control
Federation: 46(3), p. 458-467, 1974.
[19] I,E.Aust, Australian rainfall and runoff, Institute of Engineers Australia,
1998.
[20] V. A. Tsihrintzis, R. Hamid, Modelliing and management of urban
stormwater runoff quality: A review, Water Resources Management:
11(2), p. 137-164, 1997.
[21] A. B. Deletic, A. T. Maksimovic, Evaluation of water quality factors in
storm runoff from paved areas, Journal of Environmental Engineering:
124(9), p. 869-879, 1998.
[22] L. H. Kim, R. Hamid, Estimating pollutant mass accumulation on
highways during dry periods, Journal of Environmental Engineering:
132(9), p. 985-993, 2006.
[23] I. Hossain, M. A. Imteaz, Development of a deterministic catchment
water quality model, Paper presented at the "32nd Hydrology and Water
Resources Symposium", Newcastle: 2009.
[24] I. Hossain, M. Imteaz, Catchment water quality model: Sensitivity
analysis and parameter estimation, Paper presented at the "3rd European
Water and Wastewater Management Conference", 22-23 September: 2009.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:63988", author = "Iqbal Hossain and Dr. Monzur Imteaz and Dr. Shirley Gato-Trinidad and Prof. Abdallah Shanableh", title = "Development of a Catchment Water Quality Model for Continuous Simulations of Pollutants Build-up and Wash-off", abstract = "Estimation of runoff water quality parameters is required to determine appropriate water quality management options. Various models are used to estimate runoff water quality parameters. However, most models provide event-based estimates of water quality parameters for specific sites. The work presented in this paper describes the development of a model that continuously simulates the accumulation and wash-off of water quality pollutants in a catchment. The model allows estimation of pollutants build-up during dry periods and pollutants wash-off during storm events. The model was developed by integrating two individual models; rainfall-runoff model, and catchment water quality model. The rainfall-runoff model is based on the time-area runoff estimation method. The model allows users to estimate the time of concentration using a range of established methods. The model also allows estimation of the continuing runoff losses using any of the available estimation methods (i.e., constant, linearly varying or exponentially varying). Pollutants build-up in a catchment was represented by one of three pre-defined functions; power, exponential, or saturation. Similarly, pollutants wash-off was represented by one of three different functions; power, rating-curve, or exponential. The developed runoff water quality model was set-up to simulate the build-up and wash-off of total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN). The application of the model was demonstrated using available runoff and TSS field data from road and roof surfaces in the Gold Coast, Australia. The model provided excellent representation of the field data demonstrating the simplicity yet effectiveness of the proposed model.
", keywords = "Catchment, continuous pollutants build-up, pollutants wash-off, runoff, runoff water quality model.", volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "45-8", }
