Abstract: This research proposed a new design of helmet-shaped
array transcranial magnetic stimulation coil system. It was constructed
using several sagittal directional wires and several coronal directional
wires. By varying the current direction and strength on each wire, this
array coil system could be constructed into the circular coil and
figure-eight coil of different size. Also, this proposed coil system can
flexibly not only change the stimulation location, range, type and
strength, but also change the shape and the channel number of coil
dynamically.
Abstract: Now a days, a significant part of commercial and governmental organisations like museums, cultural organizations, libraries, commercial enterprises, etc. invest intensively in new technologies for image digitization, digital libraries, image archiving and retrieval. Hence image authorization, authentication and security has become prime need. In this paper, we present a semi-fragile watermarking scheme for color images. The method converts the host image into YIQ color space followed by application of orthogonal dual domains of DCT and DWT transforms. The DCT helps to separate relevant from irrelevant image content to generate silent image features. DWT has excellent spatial localisation to help aid in spatial tamper characterisation. Thus image adaptive watermark is generated based of image features which allows the sharp detection of microscopic changes to locate modifications in the image. Further, the scheme utilises the multipurpose watermark consisting of soft authenticator watermark and chrominance watermark. Which has been proved fragile to some predefined processing like intentinal fabrication of the image or forgery and robust to other incidental attacks caused in the communication channel.
Abstract: the reliability analysis of the medical equipments can
help to increase the availability and the efficiency of the systems. In
this manuscript we present a simple method of decomposition that
could be easily applied on the complex medical systems. Using this
method we can easily calculate the effect of the subsystems or
components on the reliability of the overall system. Furthermore, to
investigate the effect of subsystems or components on system
performance, we perform a numerical study varying every time the
worst reliability of subsystem or component with another which has
higher reliability. It can also be useful to engineers and designers of
medical equipment, who wishes to optimize the complex systems.
Abstract: Several numerical schemes utilizing central difference
approximations have been developed to solve the Goursat problem.
However, in a recent years compact discretization methods which
leads to high-order finite difference schemes have been used since it
is capable of achieving better accuracy as well as preserving certain
features of the equation e.g. linearity. The basic idea of the new
scheme is to find the compact approximations to the derivative terms
by differentiating centrally the governing equations. Our primary
interest is to study the performance of the new scheme when applied
to two Goursat partial differential equations against the traditional
finite difference scheme.
Abstract: Efficient luminescence is reported for the first time in Eu2+ activated double Chlorides A2BCl4 (A=Alkali metal, B=Alkaline earth element). A simple wet-chemical preparation is described. Emission intensities are comparable to that of the commercial phosphor. Excitation covers near UV region. These phosphors may be useful for applications like solid state lighting, scintillation detectors and X-ray storage using photo-stimulable phosphors.
Abstract: Thermoplastic starch, polylactic acid glycerol and
maleic anhydride (MA) were compounded with natural
montmorillonite (MMT) through a twin screw extruder to investigate
the effects of different loading of MMT on structure, thermal and
absorption behavior of the nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction analysis
(XRD) showed that sample with MMT loading 4phr exhibited
exfoliated structure while sample that contained MMT 8 phr
exhibited intercalated structure. FESEM images showed big lump
when MMT loading was at 8 phr. The thermal properties were
characterized by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The
results showed that MMT increased melting temperature and
crystallization temperature of matrix but reduction in glass transition
temperature was observed Meanwhile the addition of MMT has
improved the water barrier property. The nanosize MMT particle is
also able to block a tortuous pathway for water to enter the starch
chain, thus reducing the water uptake and improved the physical
barrier of nanocomposite.
Abstract: This paper describes an interfacing of C and the
TMS320C6713 assembly language which is crucially important for
many real-time applications. Similarly, interfacing of C with the
assembly language of a conventional microprocessor such as
MC68000 is presented for comparison. However, it should be noted
that the way the C compiler passes arguments among various
functions in the TMS320C6713-based environment is totally
different from the way the C compiler passes arguments in a
conventional microprocessor such as MC68000. Therefore, it is very
important for a user of the TMS320C6713-based system to properly
understand and follow the register conventions when interfacing C
with the TMS320C6713 assembly language subroutine. It should be
also noted that in some cases (examples 6-9) the endian-mode of the
board needs to be taken into consideration. In this paper, one method
is presented in great detail. Other methods will be presented in the
future.
Abstract: Nejad and Mashinchi (2011) proposed a revision for ranking fuzzy numbers based on the areas of the left and the right sides of a fuzzy number. However, this method still has some shortcomings such as lack of discriminative power to rank similar fuzzy numbers and no guarantee the consistency between the ranking of fuzzy numbers and the ranking of their images. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose an epsilon-deviation degree method based on the left area and the right area of a fuzzy number, and the concept of the centroid point. The main advantage of the new approach is the development of an innovative index value which can be used to consistently evaluate and rank fuzzy numbers. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed method.
Abstract: This paper presents a silicon controller rectifier (SCR)
based ESD protection circuit for IC. The proposed ESD protection
circuit has low trigger voltage and high holding voltage compared with
conventional SCR ESD protection circuit. Electrical characteristics of
the proposed ESD protection circuit are simulated and analyzed using
TCAD simulator. The proposed ESD protection circuit verified
effective low voltage ESD characteristics with low trigger voltage and
high holding voltage.
Abstract: S-Curves are commonly used in technology forecasting. They show the paths of product performance in relation to time or investment in R&D. It is a useful tool to describe the inflection points and the limit of improvement of a technology. Companies use this information to base their innovation strategies.
However inadequate use and some limitations of this technique lead
to problems in decision making. In this paper first technology
forecasting and its importance for company level strategies will be
discussed. Secondly the S-Curve and its place among other
forecasting techniques will be introduced. Thirdly its use in
technology forecasting will be discussed based on its advantages,
disadvantages and limitations. Finally an application of S-curve on
3D TV technology using patent data will also be presented and the
results will be discussed.
Abstract: Rough set theory is a very effective tool to deal with granularity and vagueness in information systems. Covering-based rough set theory is an extension of classical rough set theory. In this paper, firstly we present the characteristics of the reducible element and the minimal description covering-based rough sets through downsets. Then we establish lattices and topological spaces in coveringbased rough sets through down-sets and up-sets. In this way, one can investigate covering-based rough sets from algebraic and topological points of view.
Abstract: This paper presents a design of source encoding
calculator software which applies the two famous algorithms in the
field of information theory- the Shannon-Fano and the Huffman
schemes. This design helps to easily realize the algorithms without
going into a cumbersome, tedious and prone to error manual
mechanism of encoding the signals during the transmission. The
work describes the design of the software, how it works, comparison
with related works, its efficiency, its usefulness in the field of
information technology studies and the future prospects of the
software to engineers, students, technicians and alike. The designed
“Encodia" software has been developed, tested and found to meet the
intended requirements. It is expected that this application will help
students and teaching staff in their daily doing of information theory
related tasks. The process is ongoing to modify this tool so that it can
also be more intensely useful in research activities on source coding.
Abstract: For about two decades scientists have been
developing techniques for enhancing the quality of medical images
using Fourier transform, DWT (Discrete wavelet transform),PDE
model etc., Gabor wavelet on hexagonal sampled grid of the images
is proposed in this work. This method has optimal approximation
theoretic performances, for a good quality image. The computational
cost is considerably low when compared to similar processing in the
rectangular domain. As X-ray images contain light scattered pixels,
instead of unique sigma, the parameter sigma of 0.5 to 3 is found to
satisfy most of the image interpolation requirements in terms of high
Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) , lower Mean Squared Error
(MSE) and better image quality by adopting windowing technique.
Abstract: The performance of Advection Upstream Splitting
Method AUSM schemes are evaluated against experimental flow
fields at different Mach numbers and results are compared with
experimental data of subsonic, supersonic and hypersonic flow fields.
The turbulent model used here is SST model by Menter. The
numerical predictions include lift coefficient, drag coefficient and
pitching moment coefficient at different mach numbers and angle of
attacks. This work describes a computational study undertaken to
compute the Aerodynamic characteristics of different air vehicles
configurations using a structured Navier-Stokes computational
technique. The CFD code bases on the idea of upwind scheme for the
convective (convective-moving) fluxes. CFD results for GLC305
airfoil and cone cylinder tail fined missile calculated on above
mentioned turbulence model are compared with the available data.
Wide ranges of Mach number from subsonic to hypersonic speeds are
simulated and results are compared. When the computation is done
by using viscous turbulence model the above mentioned coefficients
have a very good agreement with the experimental values. AUSM
scheme is very efficient in the regions of very high pressure gradients
like shock waves and discontinuities. The AUSM versions simulate
the all types of flows from lower subsonic to hypersonic flow without
oscillations.
Abstract: In the last decade, carbohydrates have attracted great
attention as renewable resources for the chemical industry.
Carbohydrates are abundantly found in nature in the form of
monomers, oligomers and polymers, or as components of
biopolymers and other naturally occurring substances. As natural
products, they play important roles in conferring certain physical,
chemical, and biological properties to their carrier molecules.The
synthesis of this particular carbohydrate glycomonomer is part of our
work to obtain biodegradable polymers. Our current paper describes
the synthesis and characterization of a novel carbohydrate
glycomonomer starting from D-glucose, in several synthesis steps,
that involve the protection/deprotection of the D-glucose ring via
acetylation, tritylation, then selective deprotection of the aromaticaliphatic
protective group, in order to obtain 1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-
6-O-allyl-β-D-glucopyranose. The glycomonomer was then obtained
by the allylation in drastic conditions of 1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-6-Oallyl-
β-D-glucopyranose with allylic alcohol in the presence of
stannic chloride, in methylene chloride, at room temperature. The
proposed structure of the glycomonomer, 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-1,6-di-
O-allyl-β-D-glucopyranose, was confirmed by FTIR, NMR and
HPLC-MS spectrometry. This glycomonomer will be further
submitted to copolymerization with certain acrylic or methacrylic
monomers in order to obtain competitive plastic materials for
applications in the biomedical field.
Abstract: Contrary to negative emotion regulation, coping with
positive moods have received less attention in adolescent adjustment.
However, some research has found that everyone is different on
dealing with their positive emotions, which affects their adaptation
and well-being. The purpose of the present study was to investigate
the relationship between positive emotions dampening and
internalizing behavior problems of adolescent in Taiwan. A survey
was conducted and 208 students (12 to14 years old) completed the
strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), the Affect Intensity
Measure, and the positive emotions dampening scale. Analysis
methods such as descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlations and
multiple regression were adapted. The results were as follows:
Emotionality and internalizing problem behavior have significant
gender differences. Compared to boys, girls have a higher score on
negative emotionality and are at a higher risk for internalizing
symptoms. However, there are no gender differences on positive
emotion dampening. Additionally, in the circumstance that negative
emotionality acted as the control variable, positive emotion
dampening strategy was (positive) related to internalizing behavior
problems. Given the results of this study, it is suggested that coaching
deconstructive positive emotion strategies is to assist adolescents
with internalizing behavior problems is encouraged.
Abstract: Bubble columns have a variety of applications in
absorption, bio-reactions, catalytic slurry reactions, and coal
liquefaction; because they are simple to operate, provide good heat
and mass transfer, having less operational cost. The use of
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for bubble column becomes
important, since it can describe the fluid hydrodynamics on both local
and global scale. Euler- Euler two-phase fluid model has been used to
simulate two-phase (air and water) transient up-flow in bubble
column (15cm diameter) using FLUENT6.3. These simulations and
experiments were operated over a range of superficial gas velocities
in the bubbly flow and churn turbulent regime (1 to16 cm/s) at
ambient conditions. Liquid velocity was varied from 0 to 16cm/s. The
turbulence in the liquid phase is described using the standard k-ε
model. The interactions between the two phases are described
through drag coefficient formulations (Schiller Neumann). The
objectives are to validate CFD simulations with experimental data,
and to obtain grid-independent numerical solutions. Quantitatively
good agreements are obtained between experimental data for hold-up
and simulation values. Axial liquid velocity profiles and gas holdup
profiles were also obtained for the simulation.
Abstract: In these days, multimedia data is transmitted and
processed in compressed format. Due to the decoding procedure and
filtering for edge detection, the feature extraction process of MPEG-7
Edge Histogram Descriptor is time-consuming as well as
computationally expensive. To improve efficiency of compressed
image retrieval, we propose a new edge histogram generation
algorithm in DCT domain in this paper. Using the edge information
provided by only two AC coefficients of DCT coefficients, we can get
edge directions and strengths directly in DCT domain. The
experimental results demonstrate that our system has good
performance in terms of retrieval efficiency and effectiveness.
Abstract: This article gives a short preview of the new software
created especially for palletizing process in automated production
systems. Each chapter of this article is about problem solving in
development of modules in Java programming language. First part
describes structure of the software, its modules and data flow
between them. Second part describes all deployment methods, which
are implemented in the software. Next chapter is about twodimensional
editor created for manipulation with objects in each
layer of the load and gives calculations for collision control. Module
of virtual reality used for three-dimensional preview and creation of
the load is described in the fifth chapter. The last part of this article
describes communication and data flow between control system of
the robot, vision system and software.
Abstract: This paper describes about dynamic reconfiguration to
miniaturize arithmetic circuits in general-purpose processor. Dynamic
reconfiguration is a technique to realize required functions by
changing hardware construction during operation. The proposed
arithmetic circuit performs floating-point arithmetic which is
frequently used in science and technology. The data format is
floating-point based on IEEE754. The proposed circuit is designed
using VHDL, and verified the correct operation by simulations and
experiments.